feat(tinyusb_cdc): avoid infinite loop when TinyUSB CDC layer hangs (#11904)

* feat(tinyusb_cdc): write timeout

Added a timeout check to prevent locking during CDC writes.

* fix(usb_cdc): better timeout calculation

Co-authored-by: Copilot <[email protected]>

* ci(pre-commit): Apply automatic fixes

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: 3 people

cores/esp32/USBCDC.cpp

@@ -405,8 +405,11 @@ size_t USBCDC::write(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
     return 0;
   }
   size_t to_send = size, so_far = 0;
+  // writeTimeout will prevent that TinyUSB failure locks the while(to_send) loop
+  uint32_t writeTimeout = millis() + tx_timeout_ms;
   while (to_send) {
-    if (!tud_cdc_n_connected(itf)) {
+    if (!tud_cdc_n_connected(itf) || (int32_t)(millis() - writeTimeout) >= 0) {
+      log_e("USB is disconnected or CDC writing has timed out.");
       size = so_far;
       break;
     }