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Updates in gas docs and history docs
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public/content/developers/docs/gas/index.md

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@@ -119,22 +119,6 @@ The Ethereum [scalability upgrades](/roadmap/) should ultimately address some of
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Layer 2 scaling is a primary initiative to greatly improve gas costs, user experience and scalability. [More on layer 2 scaling](/developers/docs/scaling/#layer-2-scaling).
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## What was the London Upgrade / EIP-1559? {#what-was-the-london-upgrade-eip-1559}
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Before the London Upgrade, Ethereum had fixed-sized blocks. In times of high network demand, these blocks operated at full capacity. As a result, users often had to wait for demand to reduce to get included in a block, which led to a poor user experience. The London Upgrade introduced variable-sized blocks to Ethereum.
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The way transaction fees on the Ethereum network were calculated changed with [the London Upgrade](/history/#london) of August 2021. Before the London upgrade, fees were calculated without separating `base` and `priority` fees, as follows:
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Let's say Alice had to pay Bob 1 ETH. In the transaction, the gas limit is 21,000 units, and the gas price is 200 gwei.
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The total fee would have been: `Gas units (limit) * Gas price per unit` i.e `21,000 * 200 = 4,200,000 gwei` or 0.0042 ETH
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The implementation of [EIP-1559](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1559) in the London Upgrade made the transaction fee mechanism more complex, but made gas fees more predictable, resulting in a more efficient transaction fee market. Users can submit transactions with a `maxFeePerGas` corresponding to how much they are willing to pay for the transaction to be executed, knowing that they will not pay more than the market price for gas (`baseFeePerGas`), and get any extra, minus their tip, refunded.
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This video explains EIP-1559 and the benefits it brings:
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<YouTube id="MGemhK9t44Q" />
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## Monitoring gas fees {#moitoring-gas-fees}
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If you want to monitor gas prices, so you can send your ETH for less, you can use many different tools such as:

public/content/history/index.md

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</ExpandableCard>
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<ExpandableCard title="London Upgrade" contentPreview="What was the London Upgrade / EIP-1559?">
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Before the London Upgrade, Ethereum had fixed-sized blocks. In times of high network demand, these blocks operated at full capacity. As a result, users often had to wait for demand to reduce to get included in a block, which led to a poor user experience. The London Upgrade introduced variable-sized blocks to Ethereum.
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The way transaction fees on the Ethereum network were calculated changed with [the London Upgrade](/history/#london) of August 2021. Before the London upgrade, fees were calculated without separating `base` and `priority` fees, as follows:
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Let's say Alice had to pay Bob 1 ETH. In the transaction, the gas limit is 21,000 units, and the gas price is 200 gwei.
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The total fee would have been: `Gas units (limit) * Gas price per unit` i.e `21,000 * 200 = 4,200,000 gwei` or 0.0042 ETH
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The implementation of [EIP-1559](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1559) in the London Upgrade made the transaction fee mechanism more complex, but made gas fees more predictable, resulting in a more efficient transaction fee market. Users can submit transactions with a `maxFeePerGas` corresponding to how much they are willing to pay for the transaction to be executed, knowing that they will not pay more than the market price for gas (`baseFeePerGas`), and get any extra, minus their tip, refunded.
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This video explains EIP-1559 and the benefits it brings:
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<YouTube id="MGemhK9t44Q" />
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</ExpandableCard>
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### Berlin {#berlin}

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