feat(tests): add call memory expansion with no return size test (#1952)

* add test

* separate code gas measures

* improve gas cost calculations

* move test to another file

* mark test valid from berlin onwards

Author: JereSalo

tests/frontier/opcodes/test_call.py

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+"""test `CALL` opcode."""
+
+import pytest  # type: ignore
+
+from ethereum_test_forks import Fork
+from ethereum_test_tools import (
+    Account,
+    Alloc,
+    Environment,
+    StateTestFiller,
+    Transaction,
+)
+from ethereum_test_tools.code.generators import CodeGasMeasure
+from ethereum_test_tools.vm.opcode import Opcodes as Op
+
+
+# TODO: There's an issue with gas definitions on forks previous to Berlin, remove this when fixed.
+# https://github.com/ethereum/execution-spec-tests/pull/1952#discussion_r2237634275
+@pytest.mark.valid_from("Berlin")
+def test_call_large_offset_mstore(
+    state_test: StateTestFiller,
+    pre: Alloc,
+    fork: Fork,
+):
+    """
+    CALL with ret_offset larger than memory size and ret_size zero
+    Then do an MSTORE in that offset to see if memory was expanded in CALL.
+
+    This is for bug in a faulty EVM implementation where memory is expanded when it shouldn't.
+    """
+    sender = pre.fund_eoa()
+
+    gsc = fork.gas_costs()
+    mem_offset = 128  # arbitrary number
+
+    call_measure = CodeGasMeasure(
+        code=Op.CALL(gas=0, ret_offset=mem_offset, ret_size=0),
+        overhead_cost=gsc.G_VERY_LOW * len(Op.CALL.kwargs),  # Cost of pushing CALL args
+        extra_stack_items=1,  # Because CALL pushes 1 item to the stack
+        sstore_key=0,
+        stop=False,  # Because it's the first CodeGasMeasure
+    )
+    mstore_measure = CodeGasMeasure(
+        code=Op.MSTORE(offset=mem_offset, value=1),
+        overhead_cost=gsc.G_VERY_LOW * len(Op.MSTORE.kwargs),  # Cost of pushing MSTORE args
+        extra_stack_items=0,
+        sstore_key=1,
+    )
+
+    contract = pre.deploy_contract(call_measure + mstore_measure)
+
+    tx = Transaction(
+        gas_limit=500_000,
+        to=contract,
+        value=0,
+        sender=sender,
+    )
+
+    # this call cost is just the address_access_cost
+    call_cost = gsc.G_COLD_ACCOUNT_ACCESS
+
+    memory_expansion_gas_calc = fork.memory_expansion_gas_calculator()
+    # mstore cost: base cost + expansion cost
+    mstore_cost = gsc.G_MEMORY + memory_expansion_gas_calc(new_bytes=mem_offset + 1)
+    state_test(
+        env=Environment(),
+        pre=pre,
+        tx=tx,
+        post={
+            contract: Account(
+                storage={
+                    0: call_cost,
+                    1: mstore_cost,
+                },
+            )
+        },
+    )