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cmd/evm/internal/t8n: Binary at genesis support - Verkle <-> Binary swap (#552)
* remove: Verkle-related files with no codebase deps
* fixup
* refactor: update Prestate and transition logic for binary trie support
- Introduced a new field `BT` in the `Prestate` struct to accommodate binary trie data.
- Updated the `MakePreState` function to replace the `verkle` flag with `isBintrie` for better clarity.
- Renamed functions and variables related to Verkle to their binary trie counterparts, including `BinKey`, `BinKeys`, and `BinTrieRoot`.
- Added TODO comments for further updates and clarifications regarding the transition from Verkle to binary trie structures.
* feat: add ChunkifyCode function for EVM bytecode chunking
- Introduced the `ChunkedCode` type to represent 32-byte chunks of EVM bytecode.
- Implemented the `ChunkifyCode` function to convert a byte array of EVM bytecode into chunked format.
- Updated the `UpdateContractCode` method to utilize the new `ChunkifyCode` function.
* refactor: rename Verkle commands to Binary Trie equivalents
We leave the command name equal to keep support with https://github.com/ethereum/execution-spec-tests/tree/verkle/main
* refactor: update flags and transition logic for Binary Trie support
- Renamed `OutputVKTFlag` to `OutputBTFlag`.
- Renamed `InputVKTFlag` to `InputBTFlag` and updated its usage description for prestate input.
- Adjusted `Transition` function to utilize the new `BT` field for Binary Trie data instead of Verkle.
- Updated `dispatchOutput` function to handle Binary Trie output correctly.
* refactor: update DumpVKTLeaves to DumpBinTrieLeaves and adjust trie usage
* refactor: update functions and comments for Binary Trie implementation
- Replaced references to Verkle Trie with Binary Trie in various functions.
- Updated `genBinTrieFromAlloc` to return a Binary Trie instead of a Verkle Trie.
- Adjusted output functions to utilize Binary Trie methods and updated associated comments.
* refactor: rename flags for Binary Trie integration
* feat: add BinaryCodeChunkKey and BinaryCodeChunkCode functions for code chunking
- Introduced `BinaryCodeChunkKey` to compute the tree key of a code-chunk for a given address.
- Added `BinaryCodeChunkCode` to return the chunkification of bytecode.
* feat: introduce TransitionTrie for Binary Trie integration
- Added a new `TransitionTrie` type to facilitate the integration of the Binary Trie with the existing MPT trie.
- Updated the `newTrieReader` function to utilize the new `TransitionTrie` implementation.
- The transition tree has been moved to its own package
`core/state/transitiontrie`, resolving the import cycle issue we get into when including `BinaryTrie` within `database.go`/
* refactor: update references to TransitionTrie and BinaryTrie integration
- Replaced instances of `bintrie.BinaryTrie` with `transitiontrie.TransitionTrie` in the `execution.go`, `dump.go`, and `reader.go`.
- Adjusted the `newTrieReader` function with atemporary workaround for import cycles.
* trie/bintrie: fix StemNode serialization to only return actual data
This fixes the "invalid serialized node length" error that occurred when
Binary Trie nodes were persisted and later reloaded from the database.
Issue Discovery:
The error manifested when running execution-spec-tests with Binary Trie mode.
After committing state changes, attempting to create a new StateDB with the
committed root would fail with "invalid serialized node length" when
deserializing the root node.
Root Cause Analysis:
Through debug logging, discovered that:
1. StemNodes were being serialized with 97 bytes of actual data
2. But the SerializeNode function was returning the entire 8224-byte buffer
3. When the node was later loaded and deserialized, it received 97 bytes
4. The deserializer expected at least 128 bytes for the bitmap and values
5. This mismatch caused the deserialization to fail
The Fix:
Changed SerializeNode to return only the actual data (serialized[:offset])
instead of the entire pre-allocated buffer (serialized[:]). This ensures
that only the meaningful bytes are persisted to the database.
This aligns the serialization with the deserialization logic, which
correctly handles variable-length StemNode data based on which values
are actually present in the node.
* Fix Binary Trie StemNode serialization array size calculation
This fixes a critical off-by-one error in the StemNode serialization buffer
that was causing "invalid serialized node length" errors during execution-spec-tests.
The error was discovered when running execution-spec-tests with Binary Trie mode:
```
cd ../execution-spec-tests && uv run fill --fork Verkle -v -m blockchain_test \
-k test_contract_creation -n 1 --evm-bin=PATH_TO/go-ethereum/evm
```
The tests were failing with:
```
ERROR: error getting prestate: invalid serialized node length
```
Through systematic debugging with hex dumps and bitmap analysis, we discovered
that the serialized array was incorrectly sized:
**Incorrect**: `var serialized [32 + 32 + 256*32]byte`
- This allocated: 32 + 32 + 8192 = 8256 bytes
- Missing 1 byte for the node type prefix
**Correct**: `var serialized [1 + 31 + 32 + 256*32]byte`
- This allocates: 1 + 31 + 32 + 8192 = 8256 bytes
- Properly accounts for all fields per EIP-7864
The layout should be:
- 1 byte: node type (nodeTypeStem)
- 31 bytes: stem (path prefix)
- 32 bytes: bitmap indicating which of 256 values are present
- Up to 256*32 bytes: the actual values (32 bytes each)
1. Corrected array size from `[32 + 32 + 256*32]` to `[1 + 31 + 32 + 256*32]`
2. Cleaned up type assertions to use `n` from the type switch instead of `node.(*StemNode)`
3. This ensures proper alignment of all fields during serialization
The misalignment was causing the deserializer to interpret value data as bitmap data,
leading to impossible bitmap patterns (e.g., 122 bits set requiring 3904 bytes when
only 97 bytes were available).
After this fix, the "invalid serialized node length" errors are completely resolved.
The execution-spec-tests now progress past the serialization stage, confirming that
Binary Trie nodes are being correctly serialized and deserialized.
* various tweaks
1. move the transition trie package to trie, as this will be requested
by the geth team and it's where it belongs.
2. panic if state creation has failed in execution.go, to catch issues
early.
3. use a BinaryTrie and not a TransitionTrie, as evm t8n doesn't support
state trie transitions at this stage.
* more replacements of TransitionTrie with VerkleTrie
1. TransitionTrie doesn't work at this stage, we are only testing the
binary trees at genesis, so let's make sure TransitionTrie isn't
activated anywhere.
2. There was a superfluous check for Transitioned(), which actually made
the code take the wrong turn: if the verkle fork has occured, and if the
transition isn't in progress, it means that the conversion has ended*
* to be complete, it could be that this is in the period before the
start of the iterator sweep, but in that case the transition tree also
needs to be returned. So there is a missing granularity in this code,
but it's ok at this stage since the transition isn't supported yet.
* fix(state): Use BinaryTrie instead of VerkleTrie when IsVerkle is set
The codebase uses IsVerkle flag to indicate Binary Trie mode (not renamed
to avoid large diff). However, OpenTrie was incorrectly creating a VerkleTrie
which expects Verkle node format, while we store Binary Trie nodes.
This mismatch caused "invalid serialized node length" errors when VerkleTrie
tried to deserialize Binary Trie nodes.
We left some instantiation of `VerkleTree` arround which we have found
and changed too here.
* fix(bintrie): Remove incorrect type assertion in BinaryTrie.Commit
The Commit function incorrectly assumed that the root node was always
an InternalNode, causing a panic when the root was a StemNode:
"interface conversion: bintrie.BinaryNode is *bintrie.StemNode, not *bintrie.InternalNode"
Changes:
- Remove type assertion `root := t.root.(*InternalNode)`
- Call CollectNodes directly on t.root which works for any BinaryNode type
- Add comment explaining the root can be any BinaryNode type
This fix allows BinaryTrie to properly commit trees where the root is
a StemNode, which can happen in small tries or during initial setup.
* fix(t8ntool): Add error handling and debug logging to MakePreState
Previously, state.New errors were silently ignored, leading to nil pointer
panics later when statedb was accessed. This made debugging difficult as
the actual error was hidden.
Changes:
- Add explicit error checking when creating initial statedb
- Add explicit error checking when re-opening statedb after commit
- Include meaningful error messages with context (e.g., root hash)
* fix(bintrie): Fix iterator to properly handle StemNode leaf values
This commit fixes two in the BinaryTrie iterator:
1. Fixed Leaf() method to only return true when positioned at a specific
non-nil value within a StemNode, not just at the StemNode itself.
The iterator tracks position using an Index that points to the NEXT
position after the current value.
2. Fixed stack underflow in Next() method by checking if we're at the
root before popping from the stack. This prevents index out of range
errors when iterating through the tree.
These fixes resolve panics in DumpBinTrieLeaves when generating VKT
output for Binary Tries in the t8n tool.
* fix: handle nil child nodes in BinaryTrie InternalNode
When inserting values into an InternalNode with nil children, the code
was attempting to dereference nil pointers, causing panics. This fix
ensures that nil children are initialized to Empty{} nodes before
attempting to call methods on them.
This resolves crashes when building the Binary Trie from an empty or
sparse initial state.
* fix: preserve Binary Trie in Apply after commit
When in Binary Trie mode (isEIP4762), the state.New() call after
commit was creating a new StateDB with MPT trie, losing the Binary
Trie. This resulted in nil trie when attempting to dump Binary Trie
leaves.
Fix: Skip state.New() for Binary Trie mode since the trie is already
correct after commit. Only reopen state for MPT mode.
* fix(t8n): preserve Binary Trie after commit and use correct JSON field name
This commit fixes two issues that prevented VKT (Binary Trie) data from
being correctly generated and passed to execution-spec-tests:
1. Binary Trie Preservation (execution.go):
After statedb.Commit(), the code was calling state.New() which
recreated the StateDB with an MPT trie, losing the Binary Trie.
For Binary Trie mode (EIP-4762), we now skip state.New() since
the trie is already correct after commit.
2. JSON Field Name (transition.go):
The dispatch function was using name="bt" which created a JSON
output field called "bt", but execution-spec-tests expects the
field to be called "vkt" for compatibility with the upstream
implementation. Changed to use name="vkt" instead. So translating,
I'm dumb and I shouldn't have changed them..
These fixes allow execution-spec-tests to successfully extract Binary
Trie leaf data from t8n output via stdout JSON parsing.
Fixes test failures in:
- tests/verkle/eip6800_genesis_verkle_tree/test_contract_creation.py
* fix(t8n): revert change to avoid hardcoded MPT creation.
Prior, the code was working such that we were getting `nil` when re-opening. We weren't using `TransitionTree` thus reader and other interfaces were working hardcoded to MPT. This was fixed in prev. commits. Thus, this was no longer needed.
* fix(t8ntool, bintrie): address PR review comments
* fix(t8ntool): update JSON field name for Binary Trie in Prestate
There was a leftover as we modified already in `transition.go` flagnames to be `vkt` again and prevent errors for now.
* refactor: use named constants for binary node serialization sizes
Replace magic numbers with named constants for better code clarity:
- NodeTypeBytes = 1 (size of node type prefix)
- HashSize = 32 (size of a hash)
- BitmapSize = 32 (size of the bitmap in stem nodes)
This makes the serialization format more self-documenting and easier
to maintain.
* refactor: replace magic numbers with named constants in Binary Trie
Replace hardcoded values (31, 32, 256) with named constants throughout
the Binary Trie implementation for improved code maintainability.
- Add NodeWidth (256), StemSize (31), HashSize (32), BitmapSize (32), NodeTypeBytes (1) constants
- Update all serialization, deserialization, and node operations to use constants
- Revert error wrapping to maintain test compatibility
* feat: add GetBinaryTreeKeyBasicData function for Binary Trie
Implement GetBinaryTreeKeyBasicData function similar to GetBinaryTreeKeyCodeHash
but with offset 0 (BasicDataLeafKey) instead of 1, as per EIP-7864 tree embedding spec.
* fix(t8ntool, bintrie): leftovers overlooked from review addressed
* fix(bintrie): rename NodeWidth to StemNodeWidth throughout package
The constant NodeWidth was renamed to StemNodeWidth to better reflect
its purpose as the number of children per stem node (256 values).
This change ensures consistency across the Binary Trie implementation
and aligns with the EIP-7864 specification for Binary Merkle Tree format.
Changes made:
- Updated constant definition in binary_node.go from NodeWidth to StemNodeWidth
- Replaced all references across the bintrie package files
- Ensures compilation succeeds and all tests pass
This fix was necessary after recent refactoring of the Binary Trie code
that replaced the Verkle tree implementation at genesis.
---------
Co-authored-by: Guillaume Ballet <[email protected]>
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