Add pig-latin exercise (#66)

Author: keiravillekode

config.json

@@ -441,6 +441,14 @@
         "prerequisites": [],
         "difficulty": 7
       },
+      {
+        "slug": "pig-latin",
+        "name": "Pig Latin",
+        "uuid": "c0bd0c12-6ca9-424b-8300-adfda73aaaf4",
+        "practices": [],
+        "prerequisites": [],
+        "difficulty": 7
+      },
       {
         "slug": "rail-fence-cipher",
         "name": "Rail Fence Cipher",

exercises/practice/pig-latin/.docs/instructions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Instructions
+
+Your task is to translate text from English to Pig Latin.
+The translation is defined using four rules, which look at the pattern of vowels and consonants at the beginning of a word.
+These rules look at each word's use of vowels and consonants:
+
+- vowels: the letters `a`, `e`, `i`, `o`, and `u`
+- consonants: the other 21 letters of the English alphabet
+
+## Rule 1
+
+If a word begins with a vowel, or starts with `"xr"` or `"yt"`, add an `"ay"` sound to the end of the word.
+
+For example:
+
+- `"apple"` -> `"appleay"` (starts with vowel)
+- `"xray"` -> `"xrayay"` (starts with `"xr"`)
+- `"yttria"` -> `"yttriaay"` (starts with `"yt"`)
+
+## Rule 2
+
+If a word begins with one or more consonants, first move those consonants to the end of the word and then add an `"ay"` sound to the end of the word.
+
+For example:
+
+- `"pig"` -> `"igp"` -> `"igpay"` (starts with single consonant)
+- `"chair"` -> `"airch"` -> `"airchay"` (starts with multiple consonants)
+- `"thrush"` -> `"ushthr"` -> `"ushthray"` (starts with multiple consonants)
+
+## Rule 3
+
+If a word starts with zero or more consonants followed by `"qu"`, first move those consonants (if any) and the `"qu"` part to the end of the word, and then add an `"ay"` sound to the end of the word.
+
+For example:
+
+- `"quick"` -> `"ickqu"` -> `"ickquay"` (starts with `"qu"`, no preceding consonants)
+- `"square"` -> `"aresqu"` -> `"aresquay"` (starts with one consonant followed by `"qu`")
+
+## Rule 4
+
+If a word starts with one or more consonants followed by `"y"`, first move the consonants preceding the `"y"`to the end of the word, and then add an `"ay"` sound to the end of the word.
+
+Some examples:
+
+- `"my"` -> `"ym"` -> `"ymay"` (starts with single consonant followed by `"y"`)
+- `"rhythm"` -> `"ythmrh"` -> `"ythmrhay"` (starts with multiple consonants followed by `"y"`)

exercises/practice/pig-latin/.docs/introduction.md

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Introduction
+
+Your parents have challenged you and your sibling to a game of two-on-two basketball.
+Confident they'll win, they let you score the first couple of points, but then start taking over the game.
+Needing a little boost, you start speaking in [Pig Latin][pig-latin], which is a made-up children's language that's difficult for non-children to understand.
+This will give you the edge to prevail over your parents!
+
+[pig-latin]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_latin

exercises/practice/pig-latin/.meta/config.json

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+  "authors": [
+    "keiravillekode"
+  ],
+  "files": {
+    "solution": [
+      "pig_latin.fut"
+    ],
+    "test": [
+      "test.fut"
+    ],
+    "example": [
+      ".meta/example.fut"
+    ]
+  },
+  "blurb": "Implement a program that translates from English to Pig Latin.",
+  "source": "The Pig Latin exercise at Test First Teaching by Ultrasaurus",
+  "source_url": "https://github.com/ultrasaurus/test-first-teaching/blob/master/learn_ruby/pig_latin/"
+}

exercises/practice/pig-latin/.meta/example.fut

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+
+
+def is_consonant(letter: u8): bool =
+  let vowels = 0x1104111 -- bitset representing a e i o u y
+  in
+    vowels & (1 << i32.u8 (letter - 'a')) == 0
+
+-- word begins with a vowel, or starts with `"xr"` or `"yt"`
+def begins_with_vowel [n] (word: [n]u8): bool =
+  if is_consonant word[0] then n > 1 && word[0] == 'x' && word[1] == 'r' else
+  word[0] != 'y' || (n > 1 && word[1] == 't')
+
+def render [n] (word: [n]u8) (index: i64): []u8 =
+  word[index:] ++ word[:index] ++ "ay"
+
+def translate_word [n] (word: [n]u8): []u8 =
+  if begins_with_vowel word then render word 0 else
+  let index = loop index = 1 while index < n && is_consonant word[index] do
+    index + 1
+  in
+    if index == n || word[index - 1] != 'q' || word[index] != 'u' then render word index else
+    render word (index + 1)
+
+def translate [n] (phrase: [n]u8): []u8 =
+  let (result, _) = loop (result, begin) = ("", 0) for index < n + 1 do
+    if index < n && phrase[index] - 'a' < 26 then (result, begin) else
+    (result ++ " " ++ translate_word phrase[begin:index], index + 1)
+  in
+    result[1:]

exercises/practice/pig-latin/.meta/tests.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+# This is an auto-generated file.
+#
+# Regenerating this file via `configlet sync` will:
+# - Recreate every `description` key/value pair
+# - Recreate every `reimplements` key/value pair, where they exist in problem-specifications
+# - Remove any `include = true` key/value pair (an omitted `include` key implies inclusion)
+# - Preserve any other key/value pair
+#
+# As user-added comments (using the # character) will be removed when this file
+# is regenerated, comments can be added via a `comment` key.
+
+[11567f84-e8c6-4918-aedb-435f0b73db57]
+description = "ay is added to words that start with vowels -> word beginning with a"
+
+[f623f581-bc59-4f45-9032-90c3ca9d2d90]
+description = "ay is added to words that start with vowels -> word beginning with e"
+
+[7dcb08b3-23a6-4e8a-b9aa-d4e859450d58]
+description = "ay is added to words that start with vowels -> word beginning with i"
+
+[0e5c3bff-266d-41c8-909f-364e4d16e09c]
+description = "ay is added to words that start with vowels -> word beginning with o"
+
+[614ba363-ca3c-4e96-ab09-c7320799723c]
+description = "ay is added to words that start with vowels -> word beginning with u"
+
+[bf2538c6-69eb-4fa7-a494-5a3fec911326]
+description = "ay is added to words that start with vowels -> word beginning with a vowel and followed by a qu"
+
+[e5be8a01-2d8a-45eb-abb4-3fcc9582a303]
+description = "first letter and ay are moved to the end of words that start with consonants -> word beginning with p"
+
+[d36d1e13-a7ed-464d-a282-8820cb2261ce]
+description = "first letter and ay are moved to the end of words that start with consonants -> word beginning with k"
+
+[d838b56f-0a89-4c90-b326-f16ff4e1dddc]
+description = "first letter and ay are moved to the end of words that start with consonants -> word beginning with x"
+
+[bce94a7a-a94e-4e2b-80f4-b2bb02e40f71]
+description = "first letter and ay are moved to the end of words that start with consonants -> word beginning with q without a following u"
+
+[e59dbbe8-ccee-4619-a8e9-ce017489bfc0]
+description = "first letter and ay are moved to the end of words that start with consonants -> word beginning with consonant and vowel containing qu"
+
+[c01e049a-e3e2-451c-bf8e-e2abb7e438b8]
+description = "some letter clusters are treated like a single consonant -> word beginning with ch"
+
+[9ba1669e-c43f-4b93-837a-cfc731fd1425]
+description = "some letter clusters are treated like a single consonant -> word beginning with qu"
+
+[92e82277-d5e4-43d7-8dd3-3a3b316c41f7]
+description = "some letter clusters are treated like a single consonant -> word beginning with qu and a preceding consonant"
+
+[79ae4248-3499-4d5b-af46-5cb05fa073ac]
+description = "some letter clusters are treated like a single consonant -> word beginning with th"
+
+[e0b3ae65-f508-4de3-8999-19c2f8e243e1]
+description = "some letter clusters are treated like a single consonant -> word beginning with thr"
+
+[20bc19f9-5a35-4341-9d69-1627d6ee6b43]
+description = "some letter clusters are treated like a single consonant -> word beginning with sch"
+
+[54b796cb-613d-4509-8c82-8fbf8fc0af9e]
+description = "some letter clusters are treated like a single vowel -> word beginning with yt"
+
+[8c37c5e1-872e-4630-ba6e-d20a959b67f6]
+description = "some letter clusters are treated like a single vowel -> word beginning with xr"
+
+[a4a36d33-96f3-422c-a233-d4021460ff00]
+description = "position of y in a word determines if it is a consonant or a vowel -> y is treated like a consonant at the beginning of a word"
+
+[adc90017-1a12-4100-b595-e346105042c7]
+description = "position of y in a word determines if it is a consonant or a vowel -> y is treated like a vowel at the end of a consonant cluster"
+
+[29b4ca3d-efe5-4a95-9a54-8467f2e5e59a]
+description = "position of y in a word determines if it is a consonant or a vowel -> y as second letter in two letter word"
+
+[44616581-5ce3-4a81-82d0-40c7ab13d2cf]
+description = "phrases are translated -> a whole phrase"

exercises/practice/pig-latin/pig_latin.fut

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+def translate (phrase: []u8): []u8 = ???

exercises/practice/pig-latin/test.fut

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+import "pig_latin"
+
+-- word beginning with a
+-- ==
+-- input { "apple" }
+-- output { "appleay" }
+
+-- word beginning with e
+-- ==
+-- input { "ear" }
+-- output { "earay" }
+
+-- word beginning with i
+-- ==
+-- input { "igloo" }
+-- output { "iglooay" }
+
+-- word beginning with o
+-- ==
+-- input { "object" }
+-- output { "objectay" }
+
+-- word beginning with u
+-- ==
+-- input { "under" }
+-- output { "underay" }
+
+-- word beginning with a vowel and followed by a qu
+-- ==
+-- input { "equal" }
+-- output { "equalay" }
+
+-- word beginning with p
+-- ==
+-- input { "pig" }
+-- output { "igpay" }
+
+-- word beginning with k
+-- ==
+-- input { "koala" }
+-- output { "oalakay" }
+
+-- word beginning with x
+-- ==
+-- input { "xenon" }
+-- output { "enonxay" }
+
+-- word beginning with q without a following u
+-- ==
+-- input { "qat" }
+-- output { "atqay" }
+
+-- word beginning with consonant and vowel containing qu
+-- ==
+-- input { "liquid" }
+-- output { "iquidlay" }
+
+-- word beginning with ch
+-- ==
+-- input { "chair" }
+-- output { "airchay" }
+
+-- word beginning with qu
+-- ==
+-- input { "queen" }
+-- output { "eenquay" }
+
+-- word beginning with qu and a preceding consonant
+-- ==
+-- input { "square" }
+-- output { "aresquay" }
+
+-- word beginning with th
+-- ==
+-- input { "therapy" }
+-- output { "erapythay" }
+
+-- word beginning with thr
+-- ==
+-- input { "thrush" }
+-- output { "ushthray" }
+
+-- word beginning with sch
+-- ==
+-- input { "school" }
+-- output { "oolschay" }
+
+-- word beginning with yt
+-- ==
+-- input { "yttria" }
+-- output { "yttriaay" }
+
+-- word beginning with xr
+-- ==
+-- input { "xray" }
+-- output { "xrayay" }
+
+-- y is treated like a consonant at the beginning of a word
+-- ==
+-- input { "yellow" }
+-- output { "ellowyay" }
+
+-- y is treated like a vowel at the end of a consonant cluster
+-- ==
+-- input { "rhythm" }
+-- output { "ythmrhay" }
+
+-- y as second letter in two letter word
+-- ==
+-- input { "my" }
+-- output { "ymay" }
+
+-- a whole phrase
+-- ==
+-- input { "quick fast run" }
+-- output { "ickquay astfay unray" }
+
+def main (phrase: []u8): []u8 =
+  translate phrase