Add dot-dsl exercise (#2834)

Add dot-dsl exercise

Closes #1809

Author: kahgoh

config.json

@@ -437,6 +437,17 @@
         ],
         "difficulty": 2
       },
+      {
+        "slug": "dot-dsl",
+        "name": "DOT DSL",
+        "uuid": "03e1070d-a3ed-4664-9559-283e535c6bc4",
+        "practices": [],
+        "prerequisites": [
+          "classes",
+          "lists"
+        ],
+        "difficulty": 2
+      },
       {
         "slug": "grains",
         "name": "Grains",
@@ -916,6 +927,17 @@
         ],
         "difficulty": 5
       },
+      {
+        "slug": "game-of-life",
+        "name": "Conway's Game of Life",
+        "uuid": "749de7fc-3dcb-4231-9b4f-115d153af74f",
+        "practices": [],
+        "prerequisites": [
+          "arrays",
+          "if-statements"
+        ],
+        "difficulty": 5
+      },
       {
         "slug": "grep",
         "name": "Grep",
@@ -1791,17 +1813,6 @@
           "lists"
         ],
         "difficulty": 10
-      },
-      {
-        "slug": "game-of-life",
-        "name": "Conway's Game of Life",
-        "uuid": "749de7fc-3dcb-4231-9b4f-115d153af74f",
-        "practices": [],
-        "prerequisites": [
-          "arrays",
-          "if-statements"
-        ],
-        "difficulty": 5
       }
     ],
     "foregone": [

exercises/practice/dot-dsl/.docs/instructions.append.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Instructions append
+
+The graph is represented in the DSL by the `Graph` class.
+The implementation for the nodes and edges (represented by the `Node` and `Edge` classes respectively) are provided.
+
+For more details on the DSL's expected design, take a look at the test cases in `GraphTest.java`.

exercises/practice/dot-dsl/.docs/instructions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# Instructions
+
+A [Domain Specific Language (DSL)][dsl] is a small language optimized for a specific domain.
+Since a DSL is targeted, it can greatly impact productivity/understanding by allowing the writer to declare _what_ they want rather than _how_.
+
+One problem area where they are applied are complex customizations/configurations.
+
+For example the [DOT language][dot-language] allows you to write a textual description of a graph which is then transformed into a picture by one of the [Graphviz][graphviz] tools (such as `dot`).
+A simple graph looks like this:
+
+    graph {
+        graph [bgcolor="yellow"]
+        a [color="red"]
+        b [color="blue"]
+        a -- b [color="green"]
+    }
+
+Putting this in a file `example.dot` and running `dot example.dot -T png -o example.png` creates an image `example.png` with red and blue circle connected by a green line on a yellow background.
+
+Write a Domain Specific Language similar to the Graphviz dot language.
+
+Our DSL is similar to the Graphviz dot language in that our DSL will be used to create graph data structures.
+However, unlike the DOT Language, our DSL will be an internal DSL for use only in our language.
+
+More information about the difference between internal and external DSLs can be found [here][fowler-dsl].
+
+[dsl]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain-specific_language
+[dot-language]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOT_(graph_description_language)
+[graphviz]: https://graphviz.org/
+[fowler-dsl]: https://martinfowler.com/bliki/DomainSpecificLanguage.html

exercises/practice/dot-dsl/.meta/config.json

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+{
+  "authors": [
+    "kahgoh",
+    "manumafe98"
+  ],
+  "files": {
+    "solution": [
+      "src/main/java/Graph.java"
+    ],
+    "test": [
+      "src/test/java/GraphTest.java"
+    ],
+    "example": [
+      ".meta/src/reference/java/Graph.java"
+    ],
+    "editor": [
+      "src/main/java/Node.java",
+      "src/main/java/Edge.java"
+    ]
+  },
+  "blurb": "Write a Domain Specific Language similar to the Graphviz dot language.",
+  "source": "Wikipedia",
+  "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOT_(graph_description_language)"
+}

exercises/practice/dot-dsl/.meta/src/reference/java/Edge.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Represents an edge on the graph.
+ *
+ * NOTE: There is no need to change this file and is treated as read only by the Exercism test runners.
+ */
+public final class Edge {
+    private final String start;
+
+    private final String end;
+
+    private final Map<String, String> attributes;
+
+    public Edge(String start, String end) {
+        this.start = start;
+        this.end = end;
+        this.attributes = Collections.emptyMap();
+    }
+
+    public Edge(String start, String end, Map<String, String> attributes) {
+        this.start = start;
+        this.end = end;
+        this.attributes = Map.copyOf(attributes);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(start, end, attributes);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        if (obj instanceof Edge other) {
+            return Objects.equals(other.start, start)
+                && Objects.equals(other.end, end)
+                && Objects.equals(other.attributes, attributes);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "Edge [start=" + start + ", end=" + end + ", attributes=" + attributes + "]";
+    }
+}

exercises/practice/dot-dsl/.meta/src/reference/java/Graph.java

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class Graph {
+
+    private final List<Node> nodes = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    private final List<Edge> edges = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    private final Map<String, String> attributes;
+
+    public Graph() {
+        this.attributes = Collections.emptyMap();
+    }
+
+    public Graph(Map<String, String> attributes) {
+        this.attributes = Map.copyOf(attributes);
+    }
+
+    public Collection<Node> getNodes() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(nodes);
+    }
+
+    public Collection<Edge> getEdges() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(edges);
+    }
+
+    public Graph node(String name) {
+        nodes.add(new Node(name));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public Graph node(String name, Map<String, String> attributes) {
+        nodes.add(new Node(name, attributes));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public Graph edge(String start, String end) {
+        edges.add(new Edge(start, end));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public Graph edge(String start, String end, Map<String, String> attributes) {
+        edges.add(new Edge(start, end, attributes));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public Map<String, String> getAttributes() {
+        return attributes;
+    }
+}

exercises/practice/dot-dsl/.meta/src/reference/java/Node.java

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a node on the graph.
+ *
+ * NOTE: There is no need to change this file and is treated as read only by the Exercism test runners.
+ */
+public final class Node {
+
+    private final String name;
+
+    private final Map<String, String> attributes;
+
+    public Node(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+        this.attributes = Collections.emptyMap();
+    }
+
+    public Node(String name, Map<String, String> attributes) {
+        this.name = name;
+        this.attributes = Map.copyOf(attributes);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(name, attributes);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        if (obj instanceof Node other) {
+            return Objects.equals(other.name, name) && Objects.equals(other.attributes, attributes);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "Node [name=" + name + ", attributes=" + attributes + "]";
+    }
+}

exercises/practice/dot-dsl/build.gradle

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+plugins {
+    id "java"
+}
+
+repositories {
+    mavenCentral()
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    testImplementation platform("org.junit:junit-bom:5.10.0")
+    testImplementation "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter"
+    testImplementation "org.assertj:assertj-core:3.25.1"
+}
+
+test {
+    useJUnitPlatform()
+
+    testLogging {
+        exceptionFormat = "full"
+        showStandardStreams = true
+        events = ["passed", "failed", "skipped"]
+    }
+}

exercises/practice/dot-dsl/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
+distributionPath=wrapper/dists
+distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.7-bin.zip
+validateDistributionUrl=true
+zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
+zipStorePath=wrapper/dists