Adding approach for Bob

Author: jagdish-15

exercises/practice/bob/.approaches/config.json

@@ -2,9 +2,24 @@
   "introduction": {
     "authors": [
       "bobahop"
+    ],
+    "contributors": [
+        "jagdish-15"
     ]
   },
   "approaches": [
+    {
+      "uuid": "",
+      "slug": "function-based",
+      "title": "Function based",
+      "blurb": "Uses boolean functions to check conditions",
+      "authors": [
+        "jagdish-15"
+      ],
+      "contributors": [
+        "BenjaminGale"
+      ]
+    },
     {
       "uuid": "323eb230-7f27-4301-88ea-19c39d3eb5b6",
       "slug": "if-statements",

exercises/practice/bob/.approaches/introduction.md

@@ -1,30 +1,58 @@
 # Introduction
 
-There are various idiomatic approaches to solve Bob.
-A basic approach can use a series of `if` statements to test the conditions.
-An array can contain answers from which the right response is selected by an index calculated from scores given to the conditions.
+In this exercise, we’re working on a program to determine Bob’s responses based on the tone and style of given messages. Bob responds differently depending on whether a message is a question, a shout, both, or silence. Various approaches can be used to implement this logic efficiently and cleanly, ensuring the code remains readable and easy to maintain.
 
-## General guidance
+## General Guidance
 
-Regardless of the approach used, some things you could look out for include
+When implementing your solution, consider the following tips to keep your code optimized and idiomatic:
 
-- If the input is trimmed, [`trim()`][trim] only once.
+- **Trim the Input Once**: Use [`trim()`][trim] only once at the start to remove any unnecessary whitespace.
+- **Use Built-in Methods**: For checking if a message is a question, prefer [`endsWith("?")`][endswith] instead of manually checking the last character.
+- **DRY Code**: Avoid duplicating code by combining the logic for determining a shout and a question when handling shouted questions. Following the [DRY][dry] principle helps maintain clear and maintainable code.
+- **Single Determinations**: Use variables for `questioning` and `shouting` rather than calling these checks multiple times to improve efficiency.
+- **Return Statements**: An early return in an `if` statement eliminates the need for additional `else` blocks, making the code more readable.
+- **Curly Braces**: While optional for single-line statements, some teams may require them for readability and consistency.
 
-- Use the [`endsWith()`][endswith] `String` method instead of checking the last character by index for `?`.
+## Approach: Method-Based
 
-- Don't copy/paste the logic for determining a shout and for determining a question into determining a shouted question.
-  Combine the two determinations instead of copying them.
-  Not duplicating the code will keep the code [DRY][dry].
+```java
+class Bob {
+    String hey(String input) {
+        var inputTrimmed = input.trim();
+        
+        if (isSilent(inputTrimmed))
+           return "Fine. Be that way!";
+        if (isYelling(inputTrimmed) && isAsking(inputTrimmed))
+            return "Calm down, I know what I'm doing!";
+        if (isYelling(inputTrimmed))
+            return "Whoa, chill out!";
+        if (isAsking(inputTrimmed))
+            return "Sure.";
+            
+        return "Whatever.";
+    }
+
+    private boolean isYelling(String input) {
+        return input.chars()
+                    .anyMatch(Character::isLetter) &&
+                input.chars()
+                    .filter(Character::isLetter)
+                    .allMatch(Character::isUpperCase);
+    }
 
-- Perhaps consider making `questioning` and `shouting` values set once instead of functions that are possibly called twice.
+    private boolean isAsking(String input) {
+        return input.endsWith("?");
+    }
 
-- If an `if` statement can return, then an `else if` or `else` is not needed.
-  Execution will either return or will continue to the next statement anyway.
+    private boolean isSilent(String input) {
+        return input.length() == 0;
+    }
+}
+```
 
-- If the body of an `if` statement is only one line, curly braces aren't needed.
-  Some teams may still require them in their style guidelines, though.
+This approach defines helper methods for each type of message—silent, yelling, and asking—to keep each condition clean and easily testable. For more details, refer to the [Method-Based Approach][approach-method-based].
 
-## Approach: `if` statements
+## Approach: `if` Statements
 
 ```java
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
@@ -56,9 +84,9 @@ class Bob {
 }
 ```
 
-For more information, check the [`if` statements approach][approach-if].
+This approach utilizes nested `if` statements and a predicate for determining if a message is a shout. For more details, refer to the [`if` Statements Approach][approach-if].
 
-## Approach: answer array
+## Approach: Answer Array
 
 ```java
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
@@ -86,16 +114,22 @@ class Bob {
 }
 ```
 
-For more information, check the [Answer array approach][approach-answer-array].
+This approach uses an array of answers and calculates the appropriate index based on flags for shouting and questioning. For more details, refer to the [Answer Array Approach][approach-answer-array].
+
+## Which Approach to Use?
+
+Choosing between the method-based approach, `if` statements, and answer array approach can come down to readability and maintainability. Each has its advantages:
 
-## Which approach to use?
+- **Method-Based**: Clear and modular, great for readability.
+- **`if` Statements**: Compact and straightforward, suited for smaller projects.
+- **Answer Array**: Minimizes condition checks by using indices, efficient for a variety of responses.
 
-Since benchmarking with the [Java Microbenchmark Harness][jmh] is currently outside the scope of this document,
-the choice between `if` statements and answers array can be made by perceived readability.
+Experiment with these approaches to find the balance between readability and performance that best suits your needs.
 
 [trim]: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/String.html#trim()
 [endswith]: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/String.html#endsWith(java.lang.String)
 [dry]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_repeat_yourself
+[approach-method-based]: https://exercism.org/tracks/java/exercises/bob/approaches/method-based
 [approach-if]: https://exercism.org/tracks/java/exercises/bob/approaches/if-statements
 [approach-answer-array]: https://exercism.org/tracks/java/exercises/bob/approaches/answer-array
 [jmh]: https://github.com/openjdk/jmh

exercises/practice/bob/.approaches/method-based/content.md

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+# Method-Based Approach
+
+In this approach, the different conditions for Bob’s responses are separated into dedicated private methods within the `Bob` class. This method-based approach improves readability and modularity by organizing each condition check into its own method, making the main response method easier to understand and maintain.
+
+The main `hey` method determines Bob’s response by delegating each condition to a helper method (`isSilent`, `isYelling`, and `isAsking`), each encapsulating specific logic.
+
+## Explanation
+
+This approach simplifies the main method `hey` by breaking down each response condition into helper methods:
+
+1. **Trimming the Input**: 
+   The `input` is trimmed using the `String` [`trim()`][trim] method to remove any leading or trailing whitespace. This helps to accurately detect if the input is empty and should prompt a `"Fine. Be that way!"` response.
+
+2. **Delegating to Helper Methods**:
+   Each condition is evaluated using the following helper methods:
+
+   - **`isSilent`**: Checks if the trimmed input has no characters.
+   - **`isYelling`**: Checks if the input is all uppercase and contains at least one alphabetic character, indicating shouting.
+   - **`isAsking`**: Verifies if the trimmed input ends with a question mark.
+
+   This modular approach keeps each condition encapsulated, enhancing code clarity.
+
+3. **Order of Checks**:
+   The order of checks within `hey` is important:
+   - Silence is evaluated first, as it requires an immediate response.
+   - Shouted questions take precedence over individual checks for yelling and asking.
+   - Yelling comes next, requiring its response if not combined with a question.
+   - Asking (a non-shouted question) is checked afterward.
+
+   This ordering ensures that Bob’s response matches the expected behavior without redundancy.
+
+## Code structure
+
+```java
+class Bob {
+    String hey(String input) {
+        var inputTrimmed = input.trim();
+        
+        if (isSilent(inputTrimmed))
+           return "Fine. Be that way!";
+        if (isYelling(inputTrimmed) && isAsking(inputTrimmed))
+            return "Calm down, I know what I'm doing!";
+        if (isYelling(inputTrimmed))
+            return "Whoa, chill out!";
+        if (isAsking(inputTrimmed))
+            return "Sure.";
+            
+        return "Whatever.";
+    }
+
+    private boolean isYelling(String input) {
+        return input.chars()
+                    .anyMatch(Character::isLetter) &&
+                input.chars()
+                    .filter(Character::isLetter)
+                    .allMatch(Character::isUpperCase);
+    }
+
+    private boolean isAsking(String input) {
+        return input.endsWith("?");
+    }
+
+    private boolean isSilent(String input) {
+        return input.length() == 0;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Advantages of the Method-Based Approach
+
+- **Readability**: Each method is clearly responsible for a specific condition, making the main response logic easy to follow.
+- **Maintainability**: Changes to a condition can be confined to its method, minimizing impacts on the rest of the code.
+- **Code Reusability**: Helper methods can be reused or adapted easily if new conditions are added in the future.
+
+## Considerations
+
+- **Efficiency**: While this approach introduces multiple method calls, it enhances readability significantly, which is often more valuable in non-performance-critical applications.
+- **Error Prevention**: This approach avoids redundant code, reducing the risk of maintenance errors.
+
+## Shortening Condition Checks
+
+If each `if` statement body is only a single line, braces can be omitted, or the test expression and result could be placed on a single line. However, [Java Coding Conventions][coding-conventions] recommend always using curly braces for error prevention and easier future modifications.
+
+### Alternative: Inline Helper Methods
+
+For smaller projects, consider implementing helper methods inline or as lambdas, though this might reduce readability.
+
+[trim]: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/String.html#trim()
+[coding-conventions]: https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/javase/codeconventions-statements.html#449