To analyze graph signals, the concept of the Graph Fourier Transform (GFT) is fundamental. The GFT provides a means to represent graph signals in the frequency domain, analogous to the classical Fourier Transform for traditional signals. Given a graph ${G}$, a GFT can be defined as the representation of signals on an orthonormal basis for $\R^n$ consisting of eigenvectors of the graph shift operator. The choice of graph shift operator is essential, as it determines the basis for the GFT, it can be either the Laplacian matrix or the adjacency matrix. In this tutorial, we primarily focus on signal processing using the Laplacian matrix as the shift operator.
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