diff --git a/common/api-review/data-connect.api.md b/common/api-review/data-connect.api.md
index 1a698c229b4..1b93be0e9c3 100644
--- a/common/api-review/data-connect.api.md
+++ b/common/api-review/data-connect.api.md
@@ -52,6 +52,36 @@ export class DataConnect {
     setInitialized(): void;
 }
 
+// @public
+export class DataConnectError extends FirebaseError {
+    readonly code: DataConnectErrorCode;
+}
+
+// @public (undocumented)
+export type DataConnectErrorCode = 'other' | 'already-initialized' | 'not-initialized' | 'not-supported' | 'invalid-argument' | 'partial-error' | 'unauthorized';
+
+// @public
+export class DataConnectOperationError extends DataConnectError {
+    /* Excluded from this release type: name */
+    readonly response: DataConnectOperationResponse;
+}
+
+// @public (undocumented)
+export interface DataConnectOperationErrorInfo {
+    // (undocumented)
+    readonly message: string;
+    // (undocumented)
+    readonly path: Array<string | number>;
+}
+
+// @public (undocumented)
+export interface DataConnectOperationResponse {
+    // (undocumented)
+    readonly data?: Record<string, unknown> | null;
+    // (undocumented)
+    readonly errors: DataConnectOperationErrorInfo[];
+}
+
 // @public
 export interface DataConnectOptions extends ConnectorConfig {
     // (undocumented)
@@ -67,7 +97,7 @@ export interface DataConnectResult<Data, Variables> extends OpResult<Data> {
 // @public
 export interface DataConnectSubscription<Data, Variables> {
     // (undocumented)
-    errCallback?: (e?: FirebaseError) => void;
+    errCallback?: (e?: DataConnectError) => void;
     // (undocumented)
     unsubscribe: () => void;
     // (undocumented)
@@ -118,7 +148,7 @@ export interface MutationResult<Data, Variables> extends DataConnectResult<Data,
 export type OnCompleteSubscription = () => void;
 
 // @public
-export type OnErrorSubscription = (err?: FirebaseError) => void;
+export type OnErrorSubscription = (err?: DataConnectError) => void;
 
 // @public
 export type OnResultSubscription<Data, Variables> = (res: QueryResult<Data, Variables>) => void;
diff --git a/packages/data-connect/src/api/index.ts b/packages/data-connect/src/api/index.ts
index 885dac5a923..71bd95557dc 100644
--- a/packages/data-connect/src/api/index.ts
+++ b/packages/data-connect/src/api/index.ts
@@ -22,3 +22,11 @@ export * from './Mutation';
 export * from './query';
 export { setLogLevel } from '../logger';
 export { validateArgs } from '../util/validateArgs';
+
+export { DataConnectError, DataConnectOperationError } from '../core/error';
+
+export type {
+  DataConnectErrorCode,
+  DataConnectOperationResponse,
+  DataConnectOperationErrorInfo
+} from '../core/error';
diff --git a/packages/data-connect/src/core/error.ts b/packages/data-connect/src/core/error.ts
index f0beb128afa..3c817f616c3 100644
--- a/packages/data-connect/src/core/error.ts
+++ b/packages/data-connect/src/core/error.ts
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ export const Code = {
 
 /** An error returned by a DataConnect operation. */
 export class DataConnectError extends FirebaseError {
-  /** The stack of the error. */
-  readonly stack?: string;
+  /** @internal */
+  readonly name: string = 'DataConnectError';
 
   /** @hideconstructor */
   constructor(
@@ -52,13 +52,64 @@ export class DataConnectError extends FirebaseError {
     /**
      * A custom error description.
      */
-    readonly message: string
+    message: string
   ) {
     super(code, message);
 
-    // HACK: We write a toString property directly because Error is not a real
-    // class and so inheritance does not work correctly. We could alternatively
-    // do the same "back-door inheritance" trick that FirebaseError does.
-    this.toString = () => `${this.name}: [code=${this.code}]: ${this.message}`;
+    // Ensure the instanceof operator works as expected on subclasses of Error.
+    // See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error#custom_error_types
+    // and https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-2-2.html#support-for-newtarget
+    Object.setPrototypeOf(this, new.target.prototype);
   }
+
+  /** @internal */
+  toString(): string {
+    return `${this.name}[code=${this.code}]: ${this.message}`;
+  }
+}
+
+/** An error returned by a DataConnect operation. */
+export class DataConnectOperationError extends DataConnectError {
+  /** @internal */
+  readonly name: string = 'DataConnectOperationError';
+
+  /** The response received from the backend. */
+  readonly response: DataConnectOperationResponse;
+
+  /** @hideconstructor */
+  constructor(message: string, response: DataConnectOperationResponse) {
+    super('partial-error', message);
+    this.response = response;
+
+    // Ensure the instanceof operator works as expected on subclasses of Error.
+    // See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error#custom_error_types
+    // and https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-2-2.html#support-for-newtarget
+    Object.setPrototypeOf(this, new.target.prototype);
+  }
+}
+
+export interface DataConnectOperationResponse {
+  // The "data" provided by the backend in the response message.
+  //
+  // Will be `undefined` if no "data" was provided in the response message.
+  // Otherwise, will be `null` if `null` was explicitly specified as the "data"
+  // in the response message. Otherwise, will be the value of the "data"
+  // specified as the "data" in the response message
+  readonly data?: Record<string, unknown> | null;
+
+  // The list of errors provided by the backend in the response message.
+  readonly errors: DataConnectOperationErrorInfo[];
+}
+
+// Information about the error, as provided in the response from the backend.
+// See https://spec.graphql.org/draft/#sec-Errors
+export interface DataConnectOperationErrorInfo {
+  // The error message.
+  readonly message: string;
+
+  // The path of the field in the response data to which this error relates.
+  // String values in this array refer to field names. Numeric values in this
+  // array always satisfy `Number.isInteger()` and refer to the index in an
+  // array.
+  readonly path: Array<string | number>;
 }