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---
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title: 'NiaARM: A minimalistic framework for numerical association rule mining'
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title: 'NiaARM: A minimalistic framework for Numerical Association Rule Mining'
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tags:
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- Python
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- association rule mining
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transaction databases in the form of implications [@agrawal_fast_1994; @fister_jr_brief_2020]. Traditional
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approaches, such as the Apriori algorithm [@agrawal_fast_1994] or ECLAT [@zaki_scalable_2000],
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require the attributes in the database to be discretized. This can result in the incorporation of noise into data,
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and potentially obtained associations may not fully reveal the story [@varol2020performance]. On the contrary,
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Numerical association rule mining (NARM) is an extension of ARM that allows handling numerical attributes without
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and potentially the obtained associations may not reveal the story fully [@varol2020performance]. On the contrary,
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Numerical Association Rule Mining (NARM) is an extension of ARM that allows handling numerical attributes without
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discretization [@fister_jr_improved_2021; @kaushik2020potential]. Thus, an algorithm can operate directly, not only with
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categorical but also with numerical attributes concurrently. Interestingly, most NARM algorithms are based on
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stochastic population-based nature-inspired algorithms, which proved to be very efficient in searching for association
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rules [@alatas2008modenar; @kaushik2021systematic].
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The NiaARM framework is an implementation of the ARM-DE algorithm [@fister_differential_2018; @fister_jr_improved_2021], where
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numeric association rule mining is modeled as a single objective, continuous optimization problem, where the fitness is a
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weighted sum of the support and confidence of the built rule. The approach is extended by allowing the use of any optimization
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algorithm from the related NiaPy framework [@vrbancic_niapy_2018], as well as having the option to select various interest
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The NiaARM framework is an extended implementation of the ARM-DE algorithm [@fister_differential_2018; @fister_jr_improved_2021], where
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Numerical Association Rule Mining is modeled as a single objective, continuous optimization problem, where the fitness is a weighted sum of the support and confidence of the built rule. The approach is extended by allowing the use of any optimization
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algorithm from the related NiaPy framework [@vrbancic_niapy_2018] and having the option to select various interest
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measures and their corresponding weights for the fitness function.
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The flow of the NiaARM framework is shown in \autoref{fig:NiaARM}. Users have the option to construct a dataset either from a
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CSV file or a pandas DataFrame. The dataset is then used to build the optimization problem, along with user selected interest
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CSV file or a pandas Dataframe. The dataset is then used to build the optimization problem, along with user selected interest
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measures to be used in the computation of the fitness function. Then the optimization problem can be solved using any algorithm
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in the NiaPy library to mine association rules from the dataset. The rules can be exported to a CSV file, statistically
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analysed or visualized using the visualization methods implemented in the framework, such as the hill slopes method
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in the NiaPy library to mine association rules from the dataset. The rules can be exported to a CSV file,
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analyzed statistically, or visualized using the visualization methods implemented in the framework, such as the hill slopes method
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[@fister_visualization_2020]. A simple command-line interface for mining rules is also provided.
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![NiaARM flow.\label{fig:NiaARM}](NiaARM1.png)
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# Statement of need
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Numerical association rule mining plays a vital role in the data revolution era [@telikani_survey_2020]. Several research
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Numerical Association Rule Mining plays a vital role in the data revolution era [@telikani_survey_2020]. Several research
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papers that present NARM methods exist, but universal software where all primary tasks of NARM, i.e., preprocessing, searching
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for association rules, and visualization, are lacking. The NiaARM framework provides users with methods that allow them to
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for association rules, and visualization, is lacking. The NiaARM framework provides users with methods that allow them to
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preprocess their data, implement several interest measures, and powerful visualization techniques. In a nutshell, the benefits
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of the NiaARM framework are:
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1. Simple way to mine association rules on numerical, categorical, or mixed attribute-type datasets.
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1. A simple way to mine association rules on numerical, categorical, or mixed attribute-type datasets.
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2. Combined with the NiaPy library, it allows testing out the proposed approach using arbitrary nature-inspired algorithms.
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3. A vast collection of implemented popular interest measures to measure mined rules' quality.
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3. A vast collection of implemented popular interest measures to measure the mined rules' quality.
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4. Powerful visualization methods.
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