diff --git a/flashinfer/jit/cubin_loader.py b/flashinfer/jit/cubin_loader.py
index 78615e86f9..286aefabf6 100644
--- a/flashinfer/jit/cubin_loader.py
+++ b/flashinfer/jit/cubin_loader.py
@@ -77,10 +77,13 @@ def download_file(
         with lock:
             logger.info(f"Acquired lock for {local_path}")
 
+            temp_path = f"{local_path}.tmp"
+
             # Handle local file copy
             if os.path.exists(source):
                 try:
-                    shutil.copy(source, local_path)
+                    shutil.copy(source, temp_path)
+                    os.replace(temp_path, local_path)  # Atomic rename
                     logger.info(f"File copied successfully: {local_path}")
                     return True
                 except Exception as e:
@@ -93,9 +96,12 @@ def download_file(
                     response = session.get(source, timeout=timeout)
                     response.raise_for_status()
 
-                    with open(local_path, "wb") as file:
+                    with open(temp_path, "wb") as file:
                         file.write(response.content)
 
+                    # Atomic rename to prevent readers from seeing partial writes
+                    os.replace(temp_path, local_path)
+
                     logger.info(
                         f"File downloaded successfully: {source} -> {local_path}"
                     )
diff --git a/tests/utils/test_load_cubin_compile_race_condition.py b/tests/utils/test_load_cubin_compile_race_condition.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..29b2165a54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/utils/test_load_cubin_compile_race_condition.py
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+"""
+Copyright (c) 2025 by FlashInfer team.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+"""
+
+import os
+import tempfile
+from pathlib import Path
+from multiprocessing import Pool
+
+
+def worker_process(temp_dir):
+    """
+    Worker function that each process executes.
+
+    Each process will:
+    1. Set FLASHINFER_CUBIN_DIR environment variable
+    2. Import and call get_cubin with the same target file
+    3. Read the file from FLASHINFER_CUBIN_DIR
+    4. Return the file content
+    """
+    # Set environment variable for this process
+    os.environ["FLASHINFER_CUBIN_DIR"] = temp_dir
+
+    # Import here to ensure FLASHINFER_CUBIN_DIR is set before module loads
+    from flashinfer.artifacts import ArtifactPath, MetaInfoHash
+    from flashinfer.jit.cubin_loader import get_cubin
+
+    # Define the target file - same for all processes
+    include_path = f"{ArtifactPath.TRTLLM_GEN_BMM}/include"
+    header_name = "flashinferMetaInfo"
+
+    # Use get_cubin to get "flashinferMetaInfo.h"
+    # Note: all processes target the same file name
+    metainfo = get_cubin(f"{include_path}/{header_name}.h", MetaInfoHash.TRTLLM_GEN_BMM)  # noqa: F841
+
+    # Read the file from FLASHINFER_CUBIN_DIR
+    # NOTE(Zihao): instead of using metainfo, we directly read from the file path,
+    # that aligns with how we compile the kernel.
+    file_path = Path(temp_dir) / include_path / f"{header_name}.h"
+    with open(file_path, "rb") as f:
+        content = f.read()
+
+    return content
+
+
+def test_load_cubin_race_condition(num_iterations, num_processes):
+    """
+    Test race condition when multiple processes concurrently call get_cubin
+    for the same file.
+
+    Test steps:
+    1. Set up a temporary FLASHINFER_CUBIN_DIR
+    2. Launch multiple processes
+    3. Each process calls get_cubin for the same target file
+    4. Each process reads the downloaded file
+    5. Verify all processes read the same content
+    6. Repeat multiple times to increase chance of detecting race conditions
+
+    Args:
+        num_iterations: Number of times to repeat the test
+        num_processes: Number of concurrent processes per iteration
+    """
+    import shutil
+
+    for iteration in range(num_iterations):
+        # Create a temporary directory for FLASHINFER_CUBIN_DIR
+        temp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="flashinfer_test_cubin_")
+
+        try:
+            # Launch multiple processes concurrently
+            with Pool(processes=num_processes) as pool:
+                results = pool.map(worker_process, [temp_dir] * num_processes)
+
+            # Verify all processes read the same content
+            assert len(results) == num_processes, (
+                f"Expected {num_processes} results, got {len(results)}"
+            )
+
+            # All results should be identical
+            first_content = results[0]
+            for i, content in enumerate(results):
+                assert content == first_content, (
+                    f"Iteration {iteration + 1}/{num_iterations}, Process {i} read different content. "
+                    f"Expected length {len(first_content)}, got {len(content)}"
+                )
+
+            if (iteration + 1) % 10 == 0 or iteration == 0:
+                print(
+                    f"Iteration {iteration + 1}/{num_iterations}: {num_processes} processes all read the same content"
+                )
+
+        finally:
+            # Clean up temporary directory
+            if os.path.exists(temp_dir):
+                shutil.rmtree(temp_dir)
+
+    print(
+        f"\nAll tests passed: {num_iterations} iterations × {num_processes} processes"
+    )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    # NOTE(Zihao): do not use pytest to run this test
+    test_load_cubin_race_condition(100, 10)