Auto merge of #109421 - mhammerly:extern-force-option, r=petrochenkov

Add `force` option for `--extern` flag

When `--extern force:foo=libfoo.so` is passed to `rustc` and `foo` is not actually used in the crate, ~inject an `extern crate foo;` statement into the AST~ force it to be resolved anyway in `CrateLoader::postprocess()`. This allows you to, for instance, inject a `#[panic_handler]` implementation into a `#![no_std]` crate without modifying its source so that it can be built as a `dylib`. It may also be useful for `#![panic_runtime]` or `#[global_allocator]`/`#![default_lib_allocator]` implementations.

My work previously involved integrating Rust into an existing C/C++ codebase which was built with Buck and shipped on, among other platforms, Android. When targeting Android, Buck builds all "native" code with shared linkage* so it can be loaded from Java/Kotlin. My project was not itself `#![no_std]`, but many of our dependencies were, and they would fail to build with shared linkage due to a lack of a panic handler. With this change, that project can add the new `force` option to the `std` dependency it already explicitly provides to every crate to solve this problem.

*This is an oversimplification - Buck has a couple features for aggregating dependencies into larger shared libraries, but none that I think sustainably solve this problem.

~The AST injection happens after macro expansion around where we similarly inject a test harness and proc-macro harness. The resolver's list of actually-used extern flags is populated during macro expansion, and if any of our `--extern` arguments have the `force` option and weren't already used, we inject an `extern crate` statement for them. The injection logic was added in `rustc_builtin_macros` as that's where similar injections for tests, proc-macros, and std/core already live.~

(New contributor - grateful for feedback and guidance!)

Author: bors