Auto merge of #89862 - lcnr:path-generics-diagnostics, r=estebank

rewrite error handling for unresolved inference vars

Pretty much completely rewrites `fn emit_inference_failure_err`.

This new setup should hopefully be easier to extend and is already a lot better when looking for generic arguments.
Because this is a rewrite there are still some parts which are lacking, these are tracked in #94483 and will be fixed in later PRs.

r? `@estebank` `@petrochenkov`

Author: bors