Rollup merge of #143245 - tgross35:metavariable-expr-organization, r=petrochenkov

mbe: Add tests and restructure metavariable expressions

Add tests that show better diagnostics, and factor `concat` handling to a separate function. Each commit message has further details.

This performs the nonfunctional perparation for further changes such as rust-lang/rust#142950 and rust-lang/rust#142975 .

Author: matthiaskrgr