diff --git a/lib/src/middlewares/data_fetch_middleware.dart b/lib/src/middlewares/data_fetch_middleware.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bbb6c45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/src/middlewares/data_fetch_middleware.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+import 'package:core/core.dart';
+import 'package:dart_frog/dart_frog.dart';
+import 'package:data_repository/data_repository.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_news_app_api_server_full_source_code/src/middlewares/ownership_check_middleware.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_news_app_api_server_full_source_code/src/services/dashboard_summary_service.dart';
+import 'package:logging/logging.dart';
+
+final _log = Logger('DataFetchMiddleware');
+
+/// Middleware to fetch a data item by its ID and provide it to the context.
+///
+/// This middleware is responsible for:
+/// 1. Reading the `modelName` and item `id` from the context.
+/// 2. Calling the appropriate data repository to fetch the item.
+/// 3. If the item is found, providing it to the downstream context wrapped in a
+///    [FetchedItem] for type safety.
+/// 4. If the item is not found, throwing a [NotFoundException] to halt the
+///    request pipeline early.
+///
+/// This centralizes the item fetching logic for all item-specific routes,
+/// ensuring that subsequent middleware (like ownership checks) and the final
+/// route handler can safely assume the item exists in the context.
+Middleware dataFetchMiddleware() {
+  return (handler) {
+    return (context) async {
+      final modelName = context.read<String>();
+      final id = context.request.uri.pathSegments.last;
+
+      _log.info('Fetching item for model "$modelName", id "$id".');
+
+      final item = await _fetchItem(context, modelName, id);
+
+      if (item == null) {
+        _log.warning(
+          'Item not found for model "$modelName", id "$id".',
+        );
+        throw NotFoundException(
+          'The requested item of type "$modelName" with id "$id" was not found.',
+        );
+      }
+
+      _log.finer('Item found. Providing to context.');
+      final updatedContext = context.provide<FetchedItem<dynamic>>(
+        () => FetchedItem(item),
+      );
+
+      return handler(updatedContext);
+    };
+  };
+}
+
+/// Helper function to fetch an item from the correct repository based on the
+/// model name.
+///
+/// This function contains the switch statement that maps a `modelName` string
+/// to a specific `DataRepository` call.
+///
+/// Throws [OperationFailedException] for unsupported model types.
+Future<dynamic> _fetchItem(
+  RequestContext context,
+  String modelName,
+  String id,
+) async {
+  // The `userId` is not needed here because this middleware's purpose is to
+  // fetch the item regardless of ownership. Ownership is checked in a
+  // subsequent middleware. We pass `null` for `userId` to ensure we are
+  // performing a global lookup for the item.
+  const String? userId = null;
+
+  try {
+    switch (modelName) {
+      case 'headline':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<Headline>>().read(
+              id: id,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'topic':
+        return await context
+            .read<DataRepository<Topic>>()
+            .read(id: id, userId: userId);
+      case 'source':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<Source>>().read(
+              id: id,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'country':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<Country>>().read(
+              id: id,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'language':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<Language>>().read(
+              id: id,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'user':
+        return await context
+            .read<DataRepository<User>>()
+            .read(id: id, userId: userId);
+      case 'user_app_settings':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<UserAppSettings>>().read(
+              id: id,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'user_content_preferences':
+        return await context
+            .read<DataRepository<UserContentPreferences>>()
+            .read(
+              id: id,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'remote_config':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<RemoteConfig>>().read(
+              id: id,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'dashboard_summary':
+        // This is a special case that doesn't use a standard repository.
+        return await context.read<DashboardSummaryService>().getSummary();
+      default:
+        _log.warning('Unsupported model type "$modelName" for fetch operation.');
+        throw OperationFailedException(
+          'Unsupported model type "$modelName" for fetch operation.',
+        );
+    }
+  } on NotFoundException {
+    // The repository will throw this if the item doesn't exist.
+    // We return null to let the main middleware handler throw a more
+    // detailed exception.
+    return null;
+  } catch (e, s) {
+    _log.severe(
+      'Unhandled exception in _fetchItem for model "$modelName", id "$id".',
+      e,
+      s,
+    );
+    // Re-throw as a standard exception type that the main error handler
+    // can process into a 500 error, while preserving the original cause.
+    throw OperationFailedException(
+      'An internal error occurred while fetching the item: $e',
+    );
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lib/src/middlewares/ownership_check_middleware.dart b/lib/src/middlewares/ownership_check_middleware.dart
index 5e0cfda..befab4a 100644
--- a/lib/src/middlewares/ownership_check_middleware.dart
+++ b/lib/src/middlewares/ownership_check_middleware.dart
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import 'package:core/core.dart';
 import 'package:dart_frog/dart_frog.dart';
-import 'package:data_repository/data_repository.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_news_app_api_server_full_source_code/src/rbac/permission_service.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_news_app_api_server_full_source_code/src/registry/model_registry.dart';
 
@@ -19,28 +18,27 @@ class FetchedItem<T> {
 /// Middleware to check if the authenticated user is the owner of the requested
 /// item.
 ///
-/// This middleware is designed to run on item-specific routes (e.g., `/[id]`).
-/// It performs the following steps:
+/// This middleware runs *after* the `dataFetchMiddleware`, which means it can
+/// safely assume that the requested item has already been fetched and is
+/// available in the context.
 ///
-/// 1.  Determines if an ownership check is required for the current action
-///     (GET, PUT, DELETE) based on the `ModelConfig`.
-/// 2.  If a check is required and the user is not an admin, it fetches the
-///     item from the database.
-/// 3.  It then compares the item's owner ID with the authenticated user's ID.
-/// 4.  If the check fails, it throws a [ForbiddenException].
-/// 5.  If the check passes, it provides the fetched item into the request
-///     context via `context.provide<FetchedItem<dynamic>>`. This prevents the
-///     downstream route handler from needing to fetch the item again.
+/// It performs the following steps:
+/// 1. Determines if an ownership check is required for the current action
+///    based on the `ModelConfig`.
+/// 2. If a check is required and the user is not an admin, it reads the
+///    pre-fetched item from the context.
+/// 3. It then compares the item's owner ID with the authenticated user's ID.
+/// 4. If the IDs do not match, it throws a [ForbiddenException].
+/// 5. If the check is not required or passes, it calls the next handler.
 Middleware ownershipCheckMiddleware() {
   return (handler) {
     return (context) async {
-      final modelName = context.read<String>();
       final modelConfig = context.read<ModelConfig<dynamic>>();
       final user = context.read<User>();
       final permissionService = context.read<PermissionService>();
       final method = context.request.method;
-      final id = context.request.uri.pathSegments.last;
 
+      // Determine the required permission configuration for the current method.
       ModelActionPermission permission;
       switch (method) {
         case HttpMethod.get:
@@ -50,42 +48,32 @@ Middleware ownershipCheckMiddleware() {
         case HttpMethod.delete:
           permission = modelConfig.deletePermission;
         default:
-          // For other methods, no ownership check is performed here.
+          // For any other methods, no ownership check is performed.
           return handler(context);
       }
 
-      // If no ownership check is required or if the user is an admin,
-      // proceed to the next handler without fetching the item.
+      // If no ownership check is required for this action, or if the user is
+      // an admin (who bypasses ownership checks), proceed immediately.
       if (!permission.requiresOwnershipCheck ||
           permissionService.isAdmin(user)) {
         return handler(context);
       }
 
+      // At this point, an ownership check is required for a non-admin user.
+
+      // Ensure the model is configured to support ownership checks.
       if (modelConfig.getOwnerId == null) {
         throw const OperationFailedException(
           'Internal Server Error: Model configuration error for ownership check.',
         );
       }
 
-      final userIdForRepoCall = user.id;
-      dynamic item;
-
-      switch (modelName) {
-        case 'user':
-          final repo = context.read<DataRepository<User>>();
-          item = await repo.read(id: id, userId: userIdForRepoCall);
-        case 'user_app_settings':
-          final repo = context.read<DataRepository<UserAppSettings>>();
-          item = await repo.read(id: id, userId: userIdForRepoCall);
-        case 'user_content_preferences':
-          final repo = context.read<DataRepository<UserContentPreferences>>();
-          item = await repo.read(id: id, userId: userIdForRepoCall);
-        default:
-          throw OperationFailedException(
-            'Ownership check not implemented for model "$modelName".',
-          );
-      }
+      // Read the item that was pre-fetched by the dataFetchMiddleware.
+      // This is guaranteed to exist because dataFetchMiddleware would have
+      // thrown a NotFoundException if the item did not exist.
+      final item = context.read<FetchedItem<dynamic>>().data;
 
+      // Compare the item's owner ID with the authenticated user's ID.
       final itemOwnerId = modelConfig.getOwnerId!(item);
       if (itemOwnerId != user.id) {
         throw const ForbiddenException(
@@ -93,11 +81,8 @@ Middleware ownershipCheckMiddleware() {
         );
       }
 
-      final updatedContext = context.provide<FetchedItem<dynamic>>(
-        () => FetchedItem(item),
-      );
-
-      return handler(updatedContext);
+      // If the ownership check passes, proceed to the final route handler.
+      return handler(context);
     };
   };
 }
diff --git a/routes/_middleware.dart b/routes/_middleware.dart
index 609462d..cf015bf 100644
--- a/routes/_middleware.dart
+++ b/routes/_middleware.dart
@@ -34,11 +34,20 @@ Handler middleware(Handler handler) {
   if (!_loggerConfigured) {
     Logger.root.level = Level.ALL;
     Logger.root.onRecord.listen((record) {
+      // A more detailed logger that includes the error and stack trace.
       // ignore: avoid_print
       print(
         '${record.level.name}: ${record.time}: ${record.loggerName}: '
         '${record.message}',
       );
+      if (record.error != null) {
+        // ignore: avoid_print
+        print('  ERROR: ${record.error}');
+      }
+      if (record.stackTrace != null) {
+        // ignore: avoid_print
+        print('  STACK TRACE: ${record.stackTrace}');
+      }
     });
     _loggerConfigured = true;
   }
diff --git a/routes/api/v1/data/[id]/_middleware.dart b/routes/api/v1/data/[id]/_middleware.dart
index 9f5b218..f15d16c 100644
--- a/routes/api/v1/data/[id]/_middleware.dart
+++ b/routes/api/v1/data/[id]/_middleware.dart
@@ -1,18 +1,27 @@
 import 'package:dart_frog/dart_frog.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_news_app_api_server_full_source_code/src/middlewares/data_fetch_middleware.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_news_app_api_server_full_source_code/src/middlewares/ownership_check_middleware.dart';
 
 /// Middleware specific to the item-level `/api/v1/data/[id]` route path.
 ///
-/// This middleware applies the [ownershipCheckMiddleware] to perform an
-/// ownership check on the requested item *after* the parent middleware
-/// (`/api/v1/data/_middleware.dart`) has already performed authentication and
-/// authorization checks.
+/// This middleware chain is responsible for fetching the requested data item
+/// and then performing an ownership check on it.
 ///
-/// This ensures that only authorized users can proceed, and then this
-/// middleware adds the final layer of security by verifying item ownership
-/// for non-admin users when required by the model's configuration.
+/// The execution order is as follows:
+/// 1. `dataFetchMiddleware`: This runs first. It fetches the item by its ID
+///    from the database and provides it to the context. If the item is not
+///    found, it throws a `NotFoundException`, aborting the request.
+/// 2. `ownershipCheckMiddleware`: This runs second. It reads the fetched item
+///    from the context and verifies that the authenticated user is the owner,
+///    if the model's configuration requires such a check.
+///
+/// This ensures that the final route handler only executes for valid,
+/// authorized requests and can safely assume the requested item exists.
 Handler middleware(Handler handler) {
-  // The `ownershipCheckMiddleware` will run after the middleware from
-  // `/api/v1/data/_middleware.dart` (authn, authz, model validation).
-  return handler.use(ownershipCheckMiddleware());
+  // The middleware is applied in reverse order of execution.
+  // `ownershipCheckMiddleware` is the inner middleware, running after
+  // `dataFetchMiddleware`.
+  return handler
+      .use(ownershipCheckMiddleware()) // Runs second
+      .use(dataFetchMiddleware()); // Runs first
 }
diff --git a/routes/api/v1/data/[id]/index.dart b/routes/api/v1/data/[id]/index.dart
index 5221241..baa47ce 100644
--- a/routes/api/v1/data/[id]/index.dart
+++ b/routes/api/v1/data/[id]/index.dart
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import 'package:flutter_news_app_api_server_full_source_code/src/helpers/respons
 import 'package:flutter_news_app_api_server_full_source_code/src/middlewares/ownership_check_middleware.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_news_app_api_server_full_source_code/src/rbac/permission_service.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_news_app_api_server_full_source_code/src/registry/model_registry.dart';
-import 'package:flutter_news_app_api_server_full_source_code/src/services/dashboard_summary_service.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_news_app_api_server_full_source_code/src/services/user_preference_limit_service.dart';
 import 'package:logging/logging.dart';
 
@@ -31,25 +30,20 @@ Future<Response> onRequest(RequestContext context, String id) async {
 
 // --- GET Handler ---
 /// Handles GET requests: Retrieves a single item by its ID.
+///
+/// This handler can safely assume that the requested item has already been
+/// fetched, validated, and provided in the context by the upstream
+/// `dataFetchMiddleware`. Its primary role is to construct the success
+/// response.
 Future<Response> _handleGet(RequestContext context, String id) async {
   final modelName = context.read<String>();
-  final modelConfig = context.read<ModelConfig<dynamic>>();
-  final authenticatedUser = context.read<User>();
-  final permissionService = context.read<PermissionService>();
-
-  dynamic item;
-  final fetchedItem = context.read<FetchedItem<dynamic>?>();
+  _logger.info(
+    'Handling GET request for model "$modelName", id "$id".',
+  );
 
-  if (fetchedItem != null) {
-    item = fetchedItem.data;
-  } else {
-    final userIdForRepoCall = _getUserIdForRepoCall(
-      modelConfig: modelConfig,
-      permissionService: permissionService,
-      authenticatedUser: authenticatedUser,
-    );
-    item = await _readItem(context, modelName, id, userIdForRepoCall);
-  }
+  // The item is guaranteed to be present by the dataFetchMiddleware.
+  final item = context.read<FetchedItem<dynamic>>().data;
+  _logger.finer('Item was pre-fetched by middleware. Preparing response.');
 
   return ResponseHelper.success(
     context: context,
@@ -65,7 +59,12 @@ Future<Response> _handlePut(RequestContext context, String id) async {
   final modelConfig = context.read<ModelConfig<dynamic>>();
   final authenticatedUser = context.read<User>();
   final permissionService = context.read<PermissionService>();
-  final userPreferenceLimitService = context.read<UserPreferenceLimitService>();
+  final userPreferenceLimitService =
+      context.read<UserPreferenceLimitService>();
+
+  _logger.info(
+    'Handling PUT request for model "$modelName", id "$id".',
+  );
 
   final requestBody = await context.request.json() as Map<String, dynamic>?;
   if (requestBody == null) {
@@ -142,6 +141,10 @@ Future<Response> _handleDelete(RequestContext context, String id) async {
   final authenticatedUser = context.read<User>();
   final permissionService = context.read<PermissionService>();
 
+  _logger.info(
+    'Handling DELETE request for model "$modelName", id "$id".',
+  );
+
   final userIdForRepoCall = _getUserIdForRepoCall(
     modelConfig: modelConfig,
     permissionService: permissionService,
@@ -170,62 +173,6 @@ String? _getUserIdForRepoCall({
       : null;
 }
 
-/// Encapsulates the logic for reading a single item by its type.
-Future<dynamic> _readItem(
-  RequestContext context,
-  String modelName,
-  String id,
-  String? userId,
-) {
-  switch (modelName) {
-    case 'headline':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<Headline>>().read(
-        id: id,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'topic':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<Topic>>().read(id: id, userId: userId);
-    case 'source':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<Source>>().read(
-        id: id,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'country':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<Country>>().read(
-        id: id,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'language':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<Language>>().read(
-        id: id,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'user':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<User>>().read(id: id, userId: userId);
-    case 'user_app_settings':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<UserAppSettings>>().read(
-        id: id,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'user_content_preferences':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<UserContentPreferences>>().read(
-        id: id,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'remote_config':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<RemoteConfig>>().read(
-        id: id,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'dashboard_summary':
-      return context.read<DashboardSummaryService>().getSummary();
-    default:
-      throw OperationFailedException(
-        'Unsupported model type "$modelName" for read operation.',
-      );
-  }
-}
-
 /// Encapsulates the logic for updating an item by its type.
 Future<dynamic> _updateItem(
   RequestContext context,
@@ -233,67 +180,84 @@ Future<dynamic> _updateItem(
   String id,
   dynamic itemToUpdate,
   String? userId,
-) {
-  switch (modelName) {
-    case 'headline':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<Headline>>().update(
-        id: id,
-        item: itemToUpdate as Headline,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'topic':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<Topic>>().update(
-        id: id,
-        item: itemToUpdate as Topic,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'source':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<Source>>().update(
-        id: id,
-        item: itemToUpdate as Source,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'country':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<Country>>().update(
-        id: id,
-        item: itemToUpdate as Country,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'language':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<Language>>().update(
-        id: id,
-        item: itemToUpdate as Language,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'user':
-      final repo = context.read<DataRepository<User>>();
-      final existingUser = context.read<FetchedItem<dynamic>>().data as User;
-      final updatedUser = existingUser.copyWith(
-        feedActionStatus: (itemToUpdate as User).feedActionStatus,
-      );
-      return repo.update(id: id, item: updatedUser, userId: userId);
-    case 'user_app_settings':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<UserAppSettings>>().update(
-        id: id,
-        item: itemToUpdate as UserAppSettings,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'user_content_preferences':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<UserContentPreferences>>().update(
-        id: id,
-        item: itemToUpdate as UserContentPreferences,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'remote_config':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<RemoteConfig>>().update(
-        id: id,
-        item: itemToUpdate as RemoteConfig,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    default:
-      throw OperationFailedException(
-        'Unsupported model type "$modelName" for update operation.',
-      );
+) async {
+  _logger.finer(
+    'Executing _updateItem for model "$modelName", id "$id", userId: $userId.',
+  );
+  try {
+    switch (modelName) {
+      case 'headline':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<Headline>>().update(
+              id: id,
+              item: itemToUpdate as Headline,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'topic':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<Topic>>().update(
+              id: id,
+              item: itemToUpdate as Topic,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'source':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<Source>>().update(
+              id: id,
+              item: itemToUpdate as Source,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'country':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<Country>>().update(
+              id: id,
+              item: itemToUpdate as Country,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'language':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<Language>>().update(
+              id: id,
+              item: itemToUpdate as Language,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'user':
+        final repo = context.read<DataRepository<User>>();
+        final existingUser = context.read<FetchedItem<dynamic>>().data as User;
+        final updatedUser = existingUser.copyWith(
+          feedActionStatus: (itemToUpdate as User).feedActionStatus,
+        );
+        return await repo.update(id: id, item: updatedUser, userId: userId);
+      case 'user_app_settings':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<UserAppSettings>>().update(
+              id: id,
+              item: itemToUpdate as UserAppSettings,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'user_content_preferences':
+        return await context
+            .read<DataRepository<UserContentPreferences>>()
+            .update(
+              id: id,
+              item: itemToUpdate as UserContentPreferences,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'remote_config':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<RemoteConfig>>().update(
+              id: id,
+              item: itemToUpdate as RemoteConfig,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      default:
+        _logger.warning('Unsupported model type "$modelName" for update operation.');
+        throw OperationFailedException(
+          'Unsupported model type "$modelName" for update operation.',
+        );
+    }
+  } catch (e, s) {
+    _logger.severe(
+      'Unhandled exception in _updateItem for model "$modelName", id "$id".',
+      e,
+      s,
+    );
+    throw OperationFailedException(
+      'An internal error occurred while updating the item: $e',
+    );
   }
 }
 
@@ -303,56 +267,71 @@ Future<void> _deleteItem(
   String modelName,
   String id,
   String? userId,
-) {
-  switch (modelName) {
-    case 'headline':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<Headline>>().delete(
-        id: id,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'topic':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<Topic>>().delete(
-        id: id,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'source':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<Source>>().delete(
-        id: id,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'country':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<Country>>().delete(
-        id: id,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'language':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<Language>>().delete(
-        id: id,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'user':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<User>>().delete(
-        id: id,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'user_app_settings':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<UserAppSettings>>().delete(
-        id: id,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'user_content_preferences':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<UserContentPreferences>>().delete(
-        id: id,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'remote_config':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<RemoteConfig>>().delete(
-        id: id,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    default:
-      throw OperationFailedException(
-        'Unsupported model type "$modelName" for delete operation.',
-      );
+) async {
+  _logger.finer(
+    'Executing _deleteItem for model "$modelName", id "$id", userId: $userId.',
+  );
+  try {
+    switch (modelName) {
+      case 'headline':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<Headline>>().delete(
+              id: id,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'topic':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<Topic>>().delete(
+              id: id,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'source':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<Source>>().delete(
+              id: id,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'country':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<Country>>().delete(
+              id: id,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'language':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<Language>>().delete(
+              id: id,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'user':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<User>>().delete(
+              id: id,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'user_app_settings':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<UserAppSettings>>().delete(
+              id: id,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'user_content_preferences':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<UserContentPreferences>>().delete(
+              id: id,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'remote_config':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<RemoteConfig>>().delete(
+              id: id,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      default:
+        _logger.warning('Unsupported model type "$modelName" for delete operation.');
+        throw OperationFailedException(
+          'Unsupported model type "$modelName" for delete operation.',
+        );
+    }
+  } catch (e, s) {
+    _logger.severe(
+      'Unhandled exception in _deleteItem for model "$modelName", id "$id".',
+      e,
+      s,
+    );
+    throw OperationFailedException(
+      'An internal error occurred while deleting the item: $e',
+    );
   }
 }
diff --git a/routes/api/v1/data/index.dart b/routes/api/v1/data/index.dart
index 379d3e0..1824fcb 100644
--- a/routes/api/v1/data/index.dart
+++ b/routes/api/v1/data/index.dart
@@ -7,8 +7,12 @@ import 'package:data_repository/data_repository.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_news_app_api_server_full_source_code/src/helpers/response_helper.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_news_app_api_server_full_source_code/src/rbac/permission_service.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_news_app_api_server_full_source_code/src/registry/model_registry.dart';
+import 'package:logging/logging.dart';
 import 'package:mongo_dart/mongo_dart.dart';
 
+// Create a logger for this file.
+final _logger = Logger('data_collection_handler');
+
 /// Handles requests for the /api/v1/data collection endpoint.
 Future<Response> onRequest(RequestContext context) async {
   switch (context.request.method) {
@@ -28,6 +32,11 @@ Future<Response> _handleGet(RequestContext context) async {
   final authenticatedUser = context.read<User>();
   final params = context.request.uri.queryParameters;
 
+  _logger..info(
+    'Handling GET collection request for model "$modelName".',
+  )
+  ..finer('Query parameters: $params');
+
   Map<String, dynamic>? filter;
   if (params.containsKey('filter')) {
     try {
@@ -59,11 +68,11 @@ Future<Response> _handleGet(RequestContext context) async {
 
   final pagination =
       (params.containsKey('limit') || params.containsKey('cursor'))
-      ? PaginationOptions(
-          cursor: params['cursor'],
-          limit: int.tryParse(params['limit'] ?? ''),
-        )
-      : null;
+          ? PaginationOptions(
+              cursor: params['cursor'],
+              limit: int.tryParse(params['limit'] ?? ''),
+            )
+          : null;
 
   final userIdForRepoCall =
       (modelConfig.getOwnerId != null &&
@@ -95,6 +104,10 @@ Future<Response> _handlePost(RequestContext context) async {
   final modelConfig = context.read<ModelConfig<dynamic>>();
   final authenticatedUser = context.read<User>();
 
+  _logger.info(
+    'Handling POST request for model "$modelName".',
+  );
+
   final requestBody = await context.request.json() as Map<String, dynamic>?;
   if (requestBody == null) {
     throw const BadRequestException('Missing or invalid request body.');
@@ -147,54 +160,69 @@ Future<PaginatedResponse<dynamic>> _readAllItems(
   Map<String, dynamic>? filter,
   List<SortOption>? sort,
   PaginationOptions? pagination,
-) {
-  switch (modelName) {
-    case 'headline':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<Headline>>().readAll(
-        userId: userId,
-        filter: filter,
-        sort: sort,
-        pagination: pagination,
-      );
-    case 'topic':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<Topic>>().readAll(
-        userId: userId,
-        filter: filter,
-        sort: sort,
-        pagination: pagination,
-      );
-    case 'source':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<Source>>().readAll(
-        userId: userId,
-        filter: filter,
-        sort: sort,
-        pagination: pagination,
-      );
-    case 'country':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<Country>>().readAll(
-        userId: userId,
-        filter: filter,
-        sort: sort,
-        pagination: pagination,
-      );
-    case 'language':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<Language>>().readAll(
-        userId: userId,
-        filter: filter,
-        sort: sort,
-        pagination: pagination,
-      );
-    case 'user':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<User>>().readAll(
-        userId: userId,
-        filter: filter,
-        sort: sort,
-        pagination: pagination,
-      );
-    default:
-      throw OperationFailedException(
-        'Unsupported model type "$modelName" for GET all.',
-      );
+) async {
+  _logger.finer(
+    'Executing _readAllItems for model "$modelName", userId: $userId.',
+  );
+  try {
+    switch (modelName) {
+      case 'headline':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<Headline>>().readAll(
+              userId: userId,
+              filter: filter,
+              sort: sort,
+              pagination: pagination,
+            );
+      case 'topic':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<Topic>>().readAll(
+              userId: userId,
+              filter: filter,
+              sort: sort,
+              pagination: pagination,
+            );
+      case 'source':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<Source>>().readAll(
+              userId: userId,
+              filter: filter,
+              sort: sort,
+              pagination: pagination,
+            );
+      case 'country':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<Country>>().readAll(
+              userId: userId,
+              filter: filter,
+              sort: sort,
+              pagination: pagination,
+            );
+      case 'language':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<Language>>().readAll(
+              userId: userId,
+              filter: filter,
+              sort: sort,
+              pagination: pagination,
+            );
+      case 'user':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<User>>().readAll(
+              userId: userId,
+              filter: filter,
+              sort: sort,
+              pagination: pagination,
+            );
+      default:
+        _logger.warning('Unsupported model type "$modelName" for GET all.');
+        throw OperationFailedException(
+          'Unsupported model type "$modelName" for GET all.',
+        );
+    }
+  } catch (e, s) {
+    _logger.severe(
+      'Unhandled exception in _readAllItems for model "$modelName".',
+      e,
+      s,
+    );
+    throw OperationFailedException(
+      'An internal error occurred while reading the collection: $e',
+    );
   }
 }
 
@@ -204,41 +232,56 @@ Future<dynamic> _createItem(
   String modelName,
   dynamic itemToCreate,
   String? userId,
-) {
-  switch (modelName) {
-    case 'headline':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<Headline>>().create(
-        item: itemToCreate as Headline,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'topic':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<Topic>>().create(
-        item: itemToCreate as Topic,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'source':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<Source>>().create(
-        item: itemToCreate as Source,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'country':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<Country>>().create(
-        item: itemToCreate as Country,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'language':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<Language>>().create(
-        item: itemToCreate as Language,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    case 'remote_config':
-      return context.read<DataRepository<RemoteConfig>>().create(
-        item: itemToCreate as RemoteConfig,
-        userId: userId,
-      );
-    default:
-      throw OperationFailedException(
-        'Unsupported model type "$modelName" for POST.',
-      );
+) async {
+  _logger.finer(
+    'Executing _createItem for model "$modelName", userId: $userId.',
+  );
+  try {
+    switch (modelName) {
+      case 'headline':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<Headline>>().create(
+              item: itemToCreate as Headline,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'topic':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<Topic>>().create(
+              item: itemToCreate as Topic,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'source':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<Source>>().create(
+              item: itemToCreate as Source,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'country':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<Country>>().create(
+              item: itemToCreate as Country,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'language':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<Language>>().create(
+              item: itemToCreate as Language,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      case 'remote_config':
+        return await context.read<DataRepository<RemoteConfig>>().create(
+              item: itemToCreate as RemoteConfig,
+              userId: userId,
+            );
+      default:
+        _logger.warning('Unsupported model type "$modelName" for POST.');
+        throw OperationFailedException(
+          'Unsupported model type "$modelName" for POST.',
+        );
+    }
+  } catch (e, s) {
+    _logger.severe(
+      'Unhandled exception in _createItem for model "$modelName".',
+      e,
+      s,
+    );
+    throw OperationFailedException(
+      'An internal error occurred while creating the item: $e',
+    );
   }
 }