`stdlib_system`: essential path functionality #3666

Job	Run time
Build (ubuntu-latest, gcc, 11, cmake)	2m 6s
Build (ubuntu-latest, gcc, 10, cmake)	2m 5s
Build (ubuntu-latest, gcc, 12, cmake)	2m 14s
Build (ubuntu-latest, gcc, 13, cmake)	1m 49s
Build (macos-13, gcc, 10, cmake)	3m 19s
Build (macos-13, gcc, 11, cmake)	5m 6s
Build (ubuntu-latest, intel, 2024.1, cmake)	5m 43s
Build (ubuntu-22.04, cmake, intel-classic, 2021.10)	6m 12s
Build (ubuntu-latest, cmake-inline, gcc, 10)	2m 6s
Build (macos-13, gcc, 12, cmake)	3m 9s
	33m 49s

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