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code/logic/fossil/sys/cnullptr.h

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extern "C" {
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#endif
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/**
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* @brief A cross-platform, safe null pointer management library for C and C++.
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*
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* This library provides a set of macros and utilities to ensure consistent
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* null pointer management across different versions of C and C++.
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* It introduces safer, more expressive pointer handling inspired by concepts
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* from modern programming languages like Rust, offering features like `Option`
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* semantics, safe pointer casting, and enhanced error management.
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*
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* Key Features:
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* - **Platform Agnostic Null Pointers:** Provides consistent `cnull` and `cnullptr`
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* definitions across C and C++ using modern `nullptr` or fallback `void*` based
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* null representation.
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* - **Safe Pointer Manipulation:** Macros like `cnullify()`, `cnotnull()`, and
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* `csafe_cast()` ensure safer memory management and prevent invalid pointer
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* dereferences.
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* - **Error Handling:** Offers expressive error management using `cpanic()` and
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* `cunwrap()`, providing detailed error messages and file/line diagnostics.
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* - **Optional Pointers:** Implements `COption`, a struct emulating Rust’s `Option<T>`
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* with macros like `csome()`, `cnone()`, `cunwrap_option()`, and `cunwrap_or_option()`.
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* - **Compile-Time Safety Hints:** Provides annotations like `cnullable` and `cnonnull`
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* for static analysis, improving code safety by detecting null pointer misuse.
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* - **Branch Prediction Optimization:** Includes `clikely()` and `cunlikely()` macros
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* to optimize conditional branches based on runtime behavior.
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* - **String Safety Constants:** Defines safe constants for null terminators,
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* newline characters, and empty strings in both C and wide-character formats.
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*
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* Intended Usage:
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* The library is suitable for scenarios requiring robust pointer management, particularly
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* in low-level systems programming, embedded environments, and performance-critical
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* applications. Developers transitioning from modern languages like Rust or C++ may
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* find the familiar semantics helpful.
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*
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* Compatibility:
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* - Supports **C11** and **C23** standards.
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* - Fully compatible with **C++11** and later.
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* - Provides graceful fallbacks for older compilers using `void*` based null pointers.
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*
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* Example Usage:
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* ```c
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* int* ptr = cnull;
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* cnullify(ptr); // Safely set to null
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*
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* int* data = malloc(sizeof(int));
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* *data = 42;
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* COption opt = csome(data);
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*
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* int* result = (int*)cunwrap_option(opt); // Unwrap safely
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* printf("Value: %d\n", *result);
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*
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* cdrop(data); // Nullify pointer safely
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* ```
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*/
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// Ensure null pointer definitions across C and C++ environments
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#ifndef FOSSIL_CNULL
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