Add math module with is_close_to_zero() (#17)

This comes from the SDK:
https://github.com/frequenz-floss/frequenz-sdk-python/blob/8df3de39f2170aca220c0dbbd3f12bc4e4b035b5/src/frequenz/sdk/_internal/_math.py.

Author: llucax

pyproject.toml

@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ dev-pytest = [
   "pytest-mock == 3.14.0",
   "pytest-asyncio == 0.23.7",
   "async-solipsism == 0.6",
+  "hypothesis == 6.103.2",
 ]
 dev = [
   "frequenz-core[dev-mkdocs,dev-flake8,dev-formatting,dev-mkdocs,dev-mypy,dev-noxfile,dev-pylint,dev-pytest]",

src/frequenz/core/math.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# License: MIT
+# Copyright © 2023 Frequenz Energy-as-a-Service GmbH
+
+"""Internal math tools."""
+
+import math
+
+
+def is_close_to_zero(value: float, abs_tol: float = 1e-9) -> bool:
+    """Check if a floating point value is close to zero.
+
+    A value of 1e-9 is a commonly used absolute tolerance to balance precision
+    and robustness for floating-point numbers comparisons close to zero. Note
+    that this is also the default value for the relative tolerance.
+    For more technical details, see https://peps.python.org/pep-0485/#behavior-near-zero
+
+    Args:
+        value: the floating point value to compare to.
+        abs_tol: the minimum absolute tolerance. Defaults to 1e-9.
+
+    Returns:
+        whether the floating point value is close to zero.
+    """
+    zero: float = 0.0
+    return math.isclose(a=value, b=zero, abs_tol=abs_tol)

tests/test_math.py

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# License: MIT
+# Copyright © 2024 Frequenz Energy-as-a-Service GmbH
+
+"""Tests for the math module."""
+
+from hypothesis import given
+from hypothesis import strategies as st
+
+from frequenz.core.math import is_close_to_zero
+
+# We first do some regular test cases to avoid mistakes using hypothesis and having
+# basic cases not working.
+
+
+def test_is_close_to_zero_default_tolerance() -> None:
+    """Test the is_close_to_zero function with the default tolerance."""
+    assert is_close_to_zero(0.0)
+    assert is_close_to_zero(1e-10)
+    assert not is_close_to_zero(1e-8)
+
+
+def test_is_close_to_zero_custom_tolerance() -> None:
+    """Test the is_close_to_zero function with a custom tolerance."""
+    assert is_close_to_zero(0.0, abs_tol=1e-8)
+    assert is_close_to_zero(1e-8, abs_tol=1e-8)
+    assert not is_close_to_zero(1e-7, abs_tol=1e-8)
+
+
+def test_is_close_to_zero_negative_values() -> None:
+    """Test the is_close_to_zero function with negative values."""
+    assert is_close_to_zero(-1e-10)
+    assert not is_close_to_zero(-1e-8)
+
+
+@given(st.floats(allow_nan=False, allow_infinity=False))
+def test_is_close_to_zero_default_tolerance_hypothesis(value: float) -> None:
+    """Test the is_close_to_zero function with the default tolerance for many values."""
+    if -1e-9 <= value <= 1e-9:
+        assert is_close_to_zero(value)
+    else:
+        assert not is_close_to_zero(value)
+
+
+@given(
+    st.floats(allow_nan=False, allow_infinity=False),
+    st.floats(allow_nan=False, allow_infinity=False, min_value=0.0, max_value=2.0),
+)
+def test_is_close_to_zero_custom_tolerance_hypothesis(
+    value: float, abs_tol: float
+) -> None:
+    """Test the is_close_to_zero function with a custom tolerance with many values/tolerance."""
+    if -abs_tol <= value <= abs_tol:
+        assert is_close_to_zero(value, abs_tol=abs_tol)
+    else:
+        assert not is_close_to_zero(value, abs_tol=abs_tol)