Add a ComponentId type that encapsulates the raw int

[llucax]

Right now we use int for component IDs. This is not ideal for a few reasons:

• We don't want to have component ID arithmetic
• It is not type safe, for example, for functions taking some int and a component ID, either it makes calling the function error prone or we need to make the arguments keyword-only to remove ambiguity

It we create a simple type ComponentId like:

@dataclass
class ComponentId:
    id: int

We can avoid these issues and have a clearer interface.

References:

• https://github.com/frequenz-floss/frequenz-sdk-python/pull/788/files#r1403090364

[llucax]

I'm working on this as part of the microgrid API. It might be moved to api-common at some point if it seems generally useful.