Merge branch 'source' into part12-spanish

Author: pablo-maff

src/content/0/en/part0b.md

@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ We can try going to the address <https://studies.cs.helsinki.fi/exampleapp/data.
 
 ![Raw JSON Data](../../images/0/10e.png)
 
-There we find the notes in [JSON](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON) "raw data". By default, Chromium-based browsers are not too good at displaying JSON data. Plugins can be used to handle the formatting. Install, for example, [JSONVue](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/jsonview/chklaanhfefbnpoihckbnefhakgolnmc) on Chrome, and reload the page. The data is now nicely formatted:
+There we find the notes in [JSON](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON) "raw data". By default, Chromium-based browsers are not too good at displaying JSON data. Plugins can be used to handle the formatting. Install, for example, [JSONView](https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/gmegofmjomhknnokphhckolhcffdaihd) on Chrome, and reload the page. The data is now nicely formatted:
 
 ![Formatted JSON output](../../images/0/11e.png)
 

src/content/0/fi/osa0b.md

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ Sivun https://studies.cs.helsinki.fi/exampleapp/ avaaminen selaimessa saa siis a
 
 ![](../../images/0/7m.png)
 
-Sekvenssikaavio kuvaa selaimen (browser) ja palvelimen (server) välisen kommunikaation aikajärjestyksessä "ylhäältä alaspäin", eli ylimpänä on ensin selaimen ensin lähettämä pyyntö, jonka jälkeen tulee palvelimen vastaus tähän pyyntöön ja tämän jälkeen selaimen seuraava pyyntö jne.
+Sekvenssikaavio kuvaa selaimen (browser) ja palvelimen (server) välisen kommunikaation aikajärjestyksessä "ylhäältä alaspäin", eli ylimpänä on ensin selaimen lähettämä pyyntö, jonka jälkeen tulee palvelimen vastaus tähän pyyntöön ja tämän jälkeen selaimen seuraava pyyntö jne.
 
 Ensin selain tekee palvelimelle HTTP GET ‑pyynnön, jonka avulla se hakee sivun HTML-koodin. HTML-koodissa olevan <i>img</i>-tagin ansiosta selain hakee palvelimelta kuvan <i>kuva.png</i>. Selain renderöi HTML-kielellä muotoillun sivun ja kuvan näytölle. Vaikka käyttäjä ei sitä helposti huomaa, alkaa sivu renderöityä näytölle jo ennen kuvan hakemista.
 

src/content/1/en/part1a.md

@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ The function is then assigned to a constant variable <i>App</i>:
 const App = ...
 ```
 
-There are a few ways to define functions in JavaScript. Here we will use [arrow functions](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Arrow_functions), which are described in a newer version of JavaScript known as [ECMAScript 6](http://es6-features.org/#Constants), also called ES6.
+There are a few ways to define functions in JavaScript. Here we will use [arrow functions](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Arrow_functions), which are described in a newer version of JavaScript known as [ECMAScript 6](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/const), also called ES6.
 
 Because the function consists of only a single expression we have used a shorthand, which represents this piece of code:
 

src/content/1/en/part1d.md

@@ -1128,7 +1128,7 @@ Programming is hard, that is why I will use all the possible means to make it ea
 
 ### Utilization of Large language models
 
-Large language models such as [ChatGPT](https://chat.openai.com/auth/login), [Claude](https://claude.ai/) and [GitHub Copilot](https://github.com/ features/copilot) have proven to be very useful in software development.
+Large language models such as [ChatGPT](https://chat.openai.com/auth/login), [Claude](https://claude.ai/) and [GitHub Copilot](https://github.com/features/copilot) have proven to be very useful in software development.
 
 Personally, I mainly use Copilot, which integrates seamlessly with VS Code thanks to the [plugin](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/github-copilot/).
 

src/content/1/es/part1b.md

@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ Cuando se trata de sintaxis, las clases y los objetos creados a partir de ellos
 
 La introducción de la sintaxis de clases fue una adición controvertida. Consulta [No es impresionante: clases de ES6](https://github.com/petsel/not-awesome-es6-classes) o [¿Es la "clase" en ES6 la nueva parte "mala"?](Https://medium.com/@rajaraodv/is-class-in-es6-the-new-bad-part-6c4e6fe1ee65) para obtener más detalles.
 
-La sintaxis de la clase ES6 se usa mucho en React "antiguo" y también en Node.js, por lo que comprenderlo es beneficioso incluso en este curso. Sin embargo, dado que estamos usando la nueva función [Hooks](https://es.react.dev/reference/react) de React a lo largo de este curso, no tenemos un uso concreto para la sintaxis de clases de JavaScripts.
+La sintaxis de la clase ES6 se usa mucho en React "antiguo" y también en Node.js, por lo que comprenderlo es beneficioso incluso en este curso. Sin embargo, dado que estamos usando la nueva funcionalidad [Hooks](https://es.react.dev/reference/react) de React a lo largo de este curso, no tenemos un uso concreto para la sintaxis de clases de JavaScript.
 
 ### Materiales JavaScript
 

src/content/11/en/part11c.md

@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ Next step is to automate the deployment. There are two options, a ready-made cus
 
 <strong>Deployment with custom action</strong>
 
-Go to GitHub Actions [marketplace](https://github.com/marketplace) and search for action for our purposes. You might search with <i>render deploy</i>. There are several actions to choose from. You can pick any. Quite often the best choice is the one with the most stars. It is also a good idea to look if the action is actively maintained (time of the last release) and does it has many open issues or pull requests. 
+Go to GitHub Actions [marketplace](https://github.com/marketplace) and search for action for our purposes. You might search with <i>render deploy</i>. There are several actions to choose from. You can pick any. Quite often the best choice is the one with the most stars. It is also a good idea to look if the action is actively maintained (time of the last release) and does it have many open issues or pull requests. 
 
 **Warning**: for some reason, the most starred option [render-action](https://github.com/Bounceapp/render-action) was very unreliable when the part was updated (16th Jan 2024), so better avoid that. If you end up with too much problems, the deploy hook might be a better option!
 

src/content/12/en/part12b.md

@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ This file will initialize the database with a user and a few todos. Next, we nee
 
 We could create a new image FROM mongo and COPY the file inside, or we can use a [bind mount](https://docs.docker.com/storage/bind-mounts/) to mount the file <i>mongo-init.js</i> to the container. Let's do the latter.
 
-Bind mount is the act of binding a file (or directory) on the host machine to a file (or directory) in the container. A bind mount is done by adding a _-v_ flag with _container run_. The syntax is _-v FILE-IN-HOST:FILE-IN-CONTAINER_. Since we already learned about Docker Compose let's skip that. The bind mount is declared under key <i>volumes</i> in docker-compose-yml. Otherwise the format is the same, first host and then container:
+Bind mount is the act of binding a file (or directory) on the host machine to a file (or directory) in the container. A bind mount is done by adding a _-v_ flag with _container run_. The syntax is _-v FILE-IN-HOST:FILE-IN-CONTAINER_. Since we already learned about Docker Compose let's skip that. The bind mount is declared under key <i>volumes</i> in docker-compose.dev.yml. Otherwise the format is the same, first host and then container:
 
 ```yml
   mongo:

src/content/13/en/part13c.md

@@ -1335,14 +1335,14 @@ const adminUsers = await User.scope('admin').findAll()
 const disabledUsers = await User.scope('disabled').findAll()
 
 // users with the string jami in their name
-const jamiUsers = User.scope({ method: ['name', '%jami%'] }).findAll()
+const jamiUsers = await User.scope({ method: ['name', '%jami%'] }).findAll()
 ```
 
 It is also possible to chain scopes:
 
 ```js
 // admins with the string jami in their name
-const jamiUsers = User.scope('admin', { method: ['name', '%jami%'] }).findAll()
+const jamiUsers = await User.scope('admin', { method: ['name', '%jami%'] }).findAll()
 ```
 
 Since Sequelize models are normal [JavaScript classes](https://sequelize.org/master/manual/model-basics.html#taking-advantage-of-models-being-classes), it is possible to add new methods to them.

src/content/2/en/part2a.md

@@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ The exercises are submitted **One part at a time**. When you have submitted the
 
 Note that this part has more exercises than the ones before, so <i>do not submit</i> until you have done all the exercises from this part you want to submit.
 
-<h4>2.1: Course information step6</h4>
+<h4>2.1: Course information step 6</h4>
 
 Let's finish the code for rendering course contents from exercises 1.1 - 1.5. You can start with the code from the model answers. The model answers for part 1 can be found by going to the [submission system](https://studies.cs.helsinki.fi/stats/courses/fullstackopen), clicking on <i>my submissions</i> at the top, and in the row corresponding to part 1 under the <i>solutions</i> column clicking on <i>show</i>. To see the solution to the <i>course info</i> exercise, click on _index.js_ under <i>kurssitiedot</i> ("kurssitiedot" means "course info").
 
@@ -647,13 +647,13 @@ The application must work <i>regardless of the number of parts a course has</i>,
 
 Ensure that the console shows no errors!
 
-<h4>2.2: Course information step7</h4>
+<h4>2.2: Course information step 7</h4>
 
 Show also the sum of the exercises of the course.
 
 ![sum of exercises added feature](../../images/teht/9e.png)
 
-<h4>2.3*: Course information step8</h4>
+<h4>2.3*: Course information step 8</h4>
 
 If you haven't done so already, calculate the sum of exercises with the array method [reduce](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/Reduce).
 
@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ const total = parts.reduce((s, p) => {
 
 **Not working? :** Use your search engine to look up how _reduce_ is used in an **Object Array**.
 
-<h4>2.4: Course information step9</h4>
+<h4>2.4: Course information step 9</h4>
 
 Let's extend our application to allow for an <i>arbitrary number</i> of courses:
 

src/content/2/en/part2b.md

@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ Note the use of the React developer tools extension in the picture above!
 
 <h4>2.7: The Phonebook Step 2</h4>
 
-Prevent the user from being able to add names that already exist in the phonebook. JavaScript arrays have numerous suitable [methods](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array) for accomplishing this task. Keep in mind [how object equality works](https://www.joshbritz.co/posts/why-its-so-hard-to-check-object-equality/) in Javascript.
+Prevent the user from being able to add names that already exist in the phonebook. JavaScript arrays have numerous suitable [methods](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array) for accomplishing this task. Keep in mind [how object equality works](https://www.joshbritz.co/blog/why-its-so-hard-to-check-object-equality/) in Javascript.
 
 Issue a warning with the [alert](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/alert) command when such an action is attempted: