-Similarly, `availableCores()` is also agile to CPU limitations set by Unix control groups (cgroups), which is often used by Linux containers (e.g. Docker, Apptainer / Singularity, and Podman) and Kubernetes (K8s) environments. For example, `docker run --cpuset-cpus=0-2,8 ...` sets the CPU affinity so that the processes can only run on CPUs 0, 1, 2, and 8 on the host system. In this case `availableCores()` detects this and returns four (4). Another example is `docker run --cpu=3.4 ...`, which throttles the CPU quota to on average 3.4 CPUs on the host system. In this case `availableCores()` detects this and returns three (3), because it rounds to the nearest integer. In contrast, `parallel::detectCores()` completely ignores such cgroups settings and returns the number of CPUs on the host system, which results in CPU overuse and degredated performance. Continous Integration (CI) services (e.g. GitHub Actions, Travis CI, and Appveyor CI) and cloud services (e.g. RStudio Cloud) use these types of cgroups settings under the hood, which means `availableCores()` respects their CPU allocations.
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