Merge branch 'geekcomputers:master' into testing

Author: NitkarshChourasia

AI Game/Tic-Tac-Toe-AI/tictactoe.py

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+import tkinter as tk #provides a library of basic elements of GUI widgets
+from tkinter import messagebox #provides a different set of dialogues that are used to display message boxes
+import random
+
+def check_winner(board, player):
+    # Check rows, columns, and diagonals for a win
+    for i in range(3):
+        if all(board[i][j] == player for j in range(3)) or all(board[j][i] == player for j in range(3)):
+            return True
+    if all(board[i][i] == player for i in range(3)) or all(board[i][2 - i] == player for i in range(3)):
+        return True
+    return False
+
+def is_board_full(board):
+    return all(all(cell != ' ' for cell in row) for row in board)
+
+def minimax(board, depth, is_maximizing):
+    if check_winner(board, 'X'):
+        return -1
+    if check_winner(board, 'O'):
+        return 1
+    if is_board_full(board): #if game is full, terminate
+        return 0
+
+    if is_maximizing: #recursive approach that fills board with Os
+        max_eval = float('-inf')
+        for i in range(3):
+            for j in range(3):
+                if board[i][j] == ' ':
+                    board[i][j] = 'O'
+                    eval = minimax(board, depth + 1, False) #recursion
+                    board[i][j] = ' '
+                    max_eval = max(max_eval, eval)
+        return max_eval
+    else: #recursive approach that fills board with Xs
+        min_eval = float('inf')
+        for i in range(3):
+            for j in range(3):
+                if board[i][j] == ' ':
+                    board[i][j] = 'X'
+                    eval = minimax(board, depth + 1, True) #recursion
+                    board[i][j] = ' '
+                    min_eval = min(min_eval, eval)
+        return min_eval
+
+#determines the best move for the current player and returns a tuple representing the position
+def best_move(board):
+    best_val = float('-inf')
+    best_move = None
+
+    for i in range(3):
+        for j in range(3):
+            if board[i][j] == ' ':
+                board[i][j] = 'O'
+                move_val = minimax(board, 0, False)
+                board[i][j] = ' '
+                if move_val > best_val:
+                    best_val = move_val
+                    best_move = (i, j)
+
+    return best_move
+
+def make_move(row, col):
+    if board[row][col] == ' ':
+        board[row][col] = 'X'
+        buttons[row][col].config(text='X')
+        if check_winner(board, 'X'):
+            messagebox.showinfo("Tic-Tac-Toe", "You win!")
+            root.quit()
+        elif is_board_full(board):
+            messagebox.showinfo("Tic-Tac-Toe", "It's a draw!")
+            root.quit()
+        else:
+            ai_move()
+    else:
+        messagebox.showerror("Error", "Invalid move")
+
+#AI's turn to play
+def ai_move():
+    row, col = best_move(board)
+    board[row][col] = 'O'
+    buttons[row][col].config(text='O')
+    if check_winner(board, 'O'):
+        messagebox.showinfo("Tic-Tac-Toe", "AI wins!")
+        root.quit()
+    elif is_board_full(board):
+        messagebox.showinfo("Tic-Tac-Toe", "It's a draw!")
+        root.quit()
+
+root = tk.Tk()
+root.title("Tic-Tac-Toe")
+
+board = [[' ' for _ in range(3)] for _ in range(3)]
+buttons = []
+
+for i in range(3):
+    row_buttons = []
+    for j in range(3):
+        button = tk.Button(root, text=' ', font=('normal', 30), width=5, height=2, command=lambda row=i, col=j: make_move(row, col))
+        button.grid(row=i, column=j)
+        row_buttons.append(button)
+    buttons.append(row_buttons)
+
+root.mainloop()

Caesar Cipher Encoder & Decoder.py

@@ -1,85 +1,67 @@
-#PROJECT1
-#CAESAR CIPHER DECODER 
+# PROJECT1
+# CAESAR CIPHER ENCODER/DECODER
 
-#Author: InTruder
-#Cloned from: https://github.com/InTruder-Sec/caesar-cipher
+# Author: InTruder
+# Cloned from: https://github.com/InTruder-Sec/caesar-cipher
 
+# Improved by: OfficialAhmed (https://github.com/OfficialAhmed)
+
+def get_int() -> int:
+    """
+    Get integer, otherwise redo
+    """
+
+    try:
+        key = int(input("Enter number of characters you want to shift: "))
+    except:
+        print("Enter an integer")
+        key = get_int()
+
+    return key
 
 def main():
+
     print("[>] CAESAR CIPHER DECODER!!! \n")
     print("[1] Encrypt\n[2] Decrypt")
-    try:
-        func = int(input("Choose one of the above(example for encode enter 1): "))
-    except:
-        print("\n[>] Invalid input")
-        exit()
 
-    if func == 2:
-        decode()
-    else:
-        if func == 1:
+    match input("Choose one of the above(example for encode enter 1): "):
+
+        case "1":
             encode()
-        else:
-            print("\n[>] Invalid input")
-        exit()
+
+        case "2":
+            decode()
+
+        case _:
+            print("\n[>] Invalid input. Choose 1 or 2")
+            main()
+
 
 def encode():
-    text = input("Enter text to encode: ")
-    key = input("Enter number of characters you want to shift: ")
+
     encoded_cipher = ""
-    try:
-        key = int(key)
-    except:
-        print("Only intigers between 0 to 25 are allowed. Try again :)")
-        exit()
-    if key > 25:
-        print("Only intigers between 0 to 25 are allowed. Try again :)")
-        exit()
-    else:
-        key = key
-    text = text.upper()
+    text = input("Enter text to encode: ")
+    key = get_int()
+        
     for char in text:
-        ascii = ord(char)
-        if ascii > 90:
-            new_ascii = ascii
-        else:
-            if ascii < 65:
-                new_ascii = ascii
-            else:
-                new_ascii = ascii + key
-                if  new_ascii > 90:
-                    new_ascii = new_ascii - 26
-                else:
-                    new_ascii = new_ascii
-        encoded = chr(new_ascii)
-        encoded_cipher = encoded_cipher + encoded
-    print("Encoded text: " + encoded_cipher)
+        
+        ascii = ord(char) + key
+        encoded_cipher += chr(ascii)
 
+    print(f"Encoded text: {encoded_cipher}")
 
 
 def decode():
+
+    decoded_cipher = ""
     cipher = input("\n[>] Enter your cipher text: ")
-    print("Posiblities of cipher text are: \n")
-    cipher = cipher.lower()
-    for i in range(1, 26):
-        decoded = ""
-        decoded_cipher = ""
-        for char in cipher:
-            ascii = ord(char)
-            if ascii < 97:
-                new_ascii = ascii
-            else:
-                if ascii > 122:
-                    new_ascii = ascii
-                else:
-                    new_ascii = ascii - int(i)
-                    if new_ascii < 97:
-                      new_ascii = new_ascii + 26
-                    else:
-                        new_ascii = new_ascii
-            decoded = chr(new_ascii)
-            decoded_cipher = decoded_cipher + decoded
-        print("\n" + decoded_cipher)
+    key = get_int()
+
+    for character in cipher:
+        ascii = ord(character) - key
+        decoded_cipher += chr(ascii)
+
+    print(decoded_cipher)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':

Calculator with simple ui.py

@@ -1,23 +1,73 @@
 # Program make a simple calculator
 
-# This function adds two numbers
-def add(x, y):
-    return x + y
 
-# This function subtracts two numbers
-def subtract(x, y):
-    return x - y
+class Calculator:
+    def __init__(self):
+        pass
 
-# This function multiplies two numbers
-def multiply(x, y):
-    return x * y
+    def add(self, num1, num2):
+        """
+        This function adds two numbers.
 
-# This function divides two numbers
-def divide(x, y):
-    return x / y
+        Examples:
+        >>> add(2, 3)
+        5
+        >>> add(5, 9)
+        14
+        >>> add(-1, 2)
+        1
+        """
+        return num1 + num2
+
+    def subtract(self, num1, num2):
+        """
+        This function subtracts two numbers.
+
+        Examples:
+        >>> subtract(5, 3)
+        2
+        >>> subtract(9, 5)
+        4
+        >>> subtract(4, 9)
+        -5
+        """
+        return num1 - num2
+
+    def multiply(self, num1, num2):
+        """
+        This function multiplies two numbers.
+
+        Examples:
+        >>> multiply(4, 2)
+        8
+        >>> multiply(3, 3)
+        9
+        >>> multiply(9, 9)
+        81
+        """
+        return num1 * num2
+
+    def divide(self, num1, num2):
+        """
+        This function divides two numbers.
+
+        Examples:
+        >>> divide(4, 4)
+        1
+        >>> divide(6, 3)
+        2
+        >>> divide(9, 1)
+        9
+        """
+        if num2 == 0:
+            print("Cannot divide by zero")
+        else:
+            return num1 / num2
+
+
+calculator = Calculator()
 
 
-print("Select operation.")
 print("1.Add")
 print("2.Subtract")
 print("3.Multiply")
@@ -28,22 +78,21 @@ def divide(x, y):
     choice = input("Enter choice(1/2/3/4): ")
 
     # Check if choice is one of the four options
-    if choice in ('1', '2', '3', '4'):
+    if choice in ("1", "2", "3", "4"):
         num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))
         num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))
 
-        if choice == '1':
-            print(num1, "+", num2, "=", add(num1, num2))
+        if choice == "1":
+            print(calculator.add(num1, num2))
 
-        elif choice == '2':
-            print(num1, "-", num2, "=", subtract(num1, num2))
+        elif choice == "2":
+            print(calculator.subtract(num1, num2))
 
-        elif choice == '3':
-            print(num1, "*", num2, "=", multiply(num1, num2))
+        elif choice == "3":
+            print(calculator.multiply(num1, num2))
 
-        elif choice == '4':
-            print(num1, "/", num2, "=", divide(num1, num2))
+        elif choice == "4":
+            print(calculator.divide(num1, num2))
         break
     else:
         print("Invalid Input")
-