diff --git a/dev-packages/node-integration-tests/suites/public-api/OnUncaughtException/test.ts b/dev-packages/node-integration-tests/suites/public-api/OnUncaughtException/test.ts
index 5a35991bfd4b..10981a84d103 100644
--- a/dev-packages/node-integration-tests/suites/public-api/OnUncaughtException/test.ts
+++ b/dev-packages/node-integration-tests/suites/public-api/OnUncaughtException/test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import * as childProcess from 'child_process';
 import * as path from 'path';
 import { describe, expect, test } from 'vitest';
+import { conditionalTest } from '../../../utils';
 import { createRunner } from '../../../utils/runner';
 
 describe('OnUncaughtException integration', () => {
@@ -101,4 +102,129 @@ describe('OnUncaughtException integration', () => {
       .start()
       .completed();
   });
+
+  conditionalTest({ max: 18 })('Worker thread error handling Node 18', () => {
+    test('should capture uncaught worker thread errors - without childProcess integration', async () => {
+      await createRunner(__dirname, 'worker-thread/uncaught-worker.mjs')
+        .withInstrument(path.join(__dirname, 'worker-thread/instrument.mjs'))
+        .expect({
+          event: {
+            level: 'fatal',
+            exception: {
+              values: [
+                {
+                  type: 'Error',
+                  value: 'job failed',
+                  mechanism: {
+                    type: 'auto.node.onuncaughtexception',
+                    handled: false,
+                  },
+                  stacktrace: {
+                    frames: expect.any(Array),
+                  },
+                },
+              ],
+            },
+          },
+        })
+        .start()
+        .completed();
+    });
+  });
+
+  // childProcessIntegration only exists in Node 20+
+  conditionalTest({ min: 20 })('Worker thread error handling Node 20+', () => {
+    test.each(['mjs', 'js'])('should not interfere with worker thread error handling ".%s"', async extension => {
+      const runner = createRunner(__dirname, `worker-thread/caught-worker.${extension}`)
+        .withFlags(
+          extension === 'mjs' ? '--import' : '--require',
+          path.join(__dirname, `worker-thread/instrument.${extension}`),
+        )
+        .expect({
+          event: {
+            level: 'error',
+            exception: {
+              values: [
+                {
+                  type: 'Error',
+                  value: 'job failed',
+                  mechanism: {
+                    type: 'auto.child_process.worker_thread',
+                    handled: false,
+                  },
+                  stacktrace: {
+                    frames: expect.any(Array),
+                  },
+                },
+              ],
+            },
+          },
+        })
+        .start();
+
+      await runner.completed();
+
+      const logs = runner.getLogs();
+
+      expect(logs).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining([expect.stringMatching(/^caught Error: job failed/)]));
+    });
+
+    test('should not interfere with worker thread error handling when required inline', async () => {
+      const runner = createRunner(__dirname, 'worker-thread/caught-worker-inline.js')
+        .expect({
+          event: {
+            level: 'error',
+            exception: {
+              values: [
+                {
+                  type: 'Error',
+                  value: 'job failed',
+                  mechanism: {
+                    type: 'auto.child_process.worker_thread',
+                    handled: false,
+                  },
+                  stacktrace: {
+                    frames: expect.any(Array),
+                  },
+                },
+              ],
+            },
+          },
+        })
+        .start();
+
+      await runner.completed();
+
+      const logs = runner.getLogs();
+
+      expect(logs).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining([expect.stringMatching(/^caught Error: job failed/)]));
+    });
+
+    test('should capture uncaught worker thread errors', async () => {
+      await createRunner(__dirname, 'worker-thread/uncaught-worker.mjs')
+        .withInstrument(path.join(__dirname, 'worker-thread/instrument.mjs'))
+        .expect({
+          event: {
+            level: 'error',
+            exception: {
+              values: [
+                {
+                  type: 'Error',
+                  value: 'job failed',
+                  mechanism: {
+                    type: 'auto.child_process.worker_thread',
+                    handled: false,
+                  },
+                  stacktrace: {
+                    frames: expect.any(Array),
+                  },
+                },
+              ],
+            },
+          },
+        })
+        .start()
+        .completed();
+    });
+  });
 });
diff --git a/dev-packages/node-integration-tests/suites/public-api/OnUncaughtException/worker-thread/caught-worker-inline.js b/dev-packages/node-integration-tests/suites/public-api/OnUncaughtException/worker-thread/caught-worker-inline.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..798d6725308b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev-packages/node-integration-tests/suites/public-api/OnUncaughtException/worker-thread/caught-worker-inline.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// reuse the same worker script as the other tests
+// just now in one file
+require('./instrument.js');
+require('./caught-worker.js');
diff --git a/dev-packages/node-integration-tests/suites/public-api/OnUncaughtException/worker-thread/caught-worker.js b/dev-packages/node-integration-tests/suites/public-api/OnUncaughtException/worker-thread/caught-worker.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a13112e06d92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev-packages/node-integration-tests/suites/public-api/OnUncaughtException/worker-thread/caught-worker.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+const path = require('path');
+const { Worker } = require('worker_threads');
+
+function runJob() {
+  const worker = new Worker(path.join(__dirname, 'job.js'));
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    worker.once('error', reject);
+    worker.once('exit', code => {
+      if (code) reject(new Error(`Worker exited with code ${code}`));
+      else resolve();
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+runJob()
+  .then(() => {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+    console.log('Job completed successfully');
+  })
+  .catch(err => {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+    console.error('caught', err);
+  });
diff --git a/dev-packages/node-integration-tests/suites/public-api/OnUncaughtException/worker-thread/caught-worker.mjs b/dev-packages/node-integration-tests/suites/public-api/OnUncaughtException/worker-thread/caught-worker.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4e1750e36e71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev-packages/node-integration-tests/suites/public-api/OnUncaughtException/worker-thread/caught-worker.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import path from 'path';
+import { Worker } from 'worker_threads';
+
+const __dirname = new URL('.', import.meta.url).pathname;
+
+function runJob() {
+  const worker = new Worker(path.join(__dirname, 'job.js'));
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    worker.once('error', reject);
+    worker.once('exit', code => {
+      if (code) reject(new Error(`Worker exited with code ${code}`));
+      else resolve();
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+try {
+  await runJob();
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+  console.log('Job completed successfully');
+} catch (err) {
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+  console.error('caught', err);
+}
diff --git a/dev-packages/node-integration-tests/suites/public-api/OnUncaughtException/worker-thread/instrument.js b/dev-packages/node-integration-tests/suites/public-api/OnUncaughtException/worker-thread/instrument.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a2b13b91bce6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev-packages/node-integration-tests/suites/public-api/OnUncaughtException/worker-thread/instrument.js
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+const Sentry = require('@sentry/node');
+const { loggingTransport } = require('@sentry-internal/node-integration-tests');
+
+Sentry.init({
+  dsn: 'https://public@dsn.ingest.sentry.io/1337',
+  tracesSampleRate: 0,
+  debug: false,
+  transport: loggingTransport,
+});
diff --git a/dev-packages/node-integration-tests/suites/public-api/OnUncaughtException/worker-thread/instrument.mjs b/dev-packages/node-integration-tests/suites/public-api/OnUncaughtException/worker-thread/instrument.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9263fe27bce1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev-packages/node-integration-tests/suites/public-api/OnUncaughtException/worker-thread/instrument.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import * as Sentry from '@sentry/node';
+import { loggingTransport } from '@sentry-internal/node-integration-tests';
+
+Sentry.init({
+  dsn: 'https://public@dsn.ingest.sentry.io/1337',
+  tracesSampleRate: 0,
+  debug: false,
+  transport: loggingTransport,
+});
diff --git a/dev-packages/node-integration-tests/suites/public-api/OnUncaughtException/worker-thread/job.js b/dev-packages/node-integration-tests/suites/public-api/OnUncaughtException/worker-thread/job.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b904a77813ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev-packages/node-integration-tests/suites/public-api/OnUncaughtException/worker-thread/job.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+throw new Error('job failed');
diff --git a/dev-packages/node-integration-tests/suites/public-api/OnUncaughtException/worker-thread/uncaught-worker.mjs b/dev-packages/node-integration-tests/suites/public-api/OnUncaughtException/worker-thread/uncaught-worker.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..eceff3cffa77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev-packages/node-integration-tests/suites/public-api/OnUncaughtException/worker-thread/uncaught-worker.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import path from 'path';
+import { Worker } from 'worker_threads';
+
+const __dirname = new URL('.', import.meta.url).pathname;
+
+function runJob() {
+  const worker = new Worker(path.join(__dirname, 'job.js'));
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    worker.once('error', reject);
+    worker.once('exit', code => {
+      if (code) reject(new Error(`Worker exited with code ${code}`));
+      else resolve();
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+await runJob();
diff --git a/packages/node-core/src/integrations/onuncaughtexception.ts b/packages/node-core/src/integrations/onuncaughtexception.ts
index 41c4bf96917d..8afa70787a5c 100644
--- a/packages/node-core/src/integrations/onuncaughtexception.ts
+++ b/packages/node-core/src/integrations/onuncaughtexception.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { captureException, debug, defineIntegration, getClient } from '@sentry/core';
+import { isMainThread } from 'worker_threads';
 import { DEBUG_BUILD } from '../debug-build';
 import type { NodeClient } from '../sdk/client';
 import { logAndExitProcess } from '../utils/errorhandling';
@@ -44,6 +45,12 @@ export const onUncaughtExceptionIntegration = defineIntegration((options: Partia
   return {
     name: INTEGRATION_NAME,
     setup(client: NodeClient) {
+      // errors in worker threads are already handled by the childProcessIntegration
+      // also we don't want to exit the Node process on worker thread errors
+      if (!isMainThread) {
+        return;
+      }
+
       global.process.on('uncaughtException', makeErrorHandler(client, optionsWithDefaults));
     },
   };