Allow new integration setup on the instance with config options (#5047)

### Description

Currently `setup_once` is called without any arguments so cannot access
either the SDK init `options` or the integration specific init arguments
on the instance. This PR enables a separate backwards compat optional
`setup_once_with_options` as an **instance** method.

Note that we we will use this rarely but I need it to unblock the
OTLPIntegration since I need the DSN there.

#### Example

before

```python
sentry_sdk.init(dsn="")

class FooIntegration(Integration):
    def __init__(self, bar=42):
        self.bar = bar

    @staticmethod
    def setup_once():
        self.bar # Not available
        options.dsn  # Not available
```

after
```python
    def setup_once_with_options(self, options=None):
        self.bar
        options.dsn
```

---------

Co-authored-by: Ivana Kellyer <[email protected]>

Author: sl0thentr0py

.gitignore

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ pip-wheel-metadata
 .mypy_cache
 .vscode/
 .claude/
+.tool-versions
 
 # for running AWS Lambda tests using AWS SAM
 sam.template.yaml

sentry_sdk/client.py

@@ -409,6 +409,7 @@ def _capture_envelope(envelope):
                     "auto_enabling_integrations"
                 ],
                 disabled_integrations=self.options["disabled_integrations"],
+                options=self.options,
             )
 
             spotlight_config = self.options.get("spotlight")

sentry_sdk/integrations/__init__.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
     from typing import Set
     from typing import Type
     from typing import Union
+    from typing import Any
 
 
 _DEFAULT_FAILED_REQUEST_STATUS_CODES = frozenset(range(500, 600))
@@ -171,12 +172,13 @@ def iter_default_integrations(with_auto_enabling_integrations):
 
 
 def setup_integrations(
-    integrations,
-    with_defaults=True,
-    with_auto_enabling_integrations=False,
-    disabled_integrations=None,
+    integrations,  # type: Sequence[Integration]
+    with_defaults=True,  # type: bool
+    with_auto_enabling_integrations=False,  # type: bool
+    disabled_integrations=None,  #  type: Optional[Sequence[Union[type[Integration], Integration]]]
+    options=None,  # type: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]
 ):
-    # type: (Sequence[Integration], bool, bool, Optional[Sequence[Union[type[Integration], Integration]]]) -> Dict[str, Integration]
+    # type: (...) -> Dict[str, Integration]
     """
     Given a list of integration instances, this installs them all.
 
@@ -221,6 +223,7 @@ def setup_integrations(
                     )
                     try:
                         type(integration).setup_once()
+                        integration.setup_once_with_options(options)
                     except DidNotEnable as e:
                         if identifier not in used_as_default_integration:
                             raise
@@ -300,3 +303,10 @@ def setup_once():
         instance again.
         """
         pass
+
+    def setup_once_with_options(self, options=None):
+        # type: (Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> None
+        """
+        Called after setup_once in rare cases on the instance and with options since we don't have those available above.
+        """
+        pass