diff --git a/common/sampling.cpp b/common/sampling.cpp
index c710ee173c0ed..c69d525b5b358 100644
--- a/common/sampling.cpp
+++ b/common/sampling.cpp
@@ -332,6 +332,7 @@ void common_perf_print(const struct llama_context * ctx, const struct common_sam
     }
     if (ctx) {
         llama_perf_context_print(ctx);
+        llama_memory_breakdown_print(ctx);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/ggml/include/ggml-backend.h b/ggml/include/ggml-backend.h
index ab297e0c6f69f..62b6d65e51445 100644
--- a/ggml/include/ggml-backend.h
+++ b/ggml/include/ggml-backend.h
@@ -314,7 +314,8 @@ extern "C" {
     GGML_API int                  ggml_backend_sched_get_n_splits(ggml_backend_sched_t sched);
     GGML_API int                  ggml_backend_sched_get_n_copies(ggml_backend_sched_t sched);
 
-    GGML_API size_t               ggml_backend_sched_get_buffer_size(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, ggml_backend_t backend);
+    GGML_API ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_sched_get_buffer_type(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, ggml_backend_t backend);
+    GGML_API size_t                     ggml_backend_sched_get_buffer_size(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, ggml_backend_t backend);
 
     GGML_API void                 ggml_backend_sched_set_tensor_backend(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_tensor * node, ggml_backend_t backend);
     GGML_API ggml_backend_t       ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_tensor * node);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-backend.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-backend.cpp
index 7646f3f1346a4..f32a879d9a4b6 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-backend.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-backend.cpp
@@ -1793,6 +1793,14 @@ ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_sched_get_backend(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, int i)
     return sched->backends[i];
 }
 
+ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_sched_get_buffer_type(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
+    int backend_index = ggml_backend_sched_backend_id(sched, backend);
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend_index >= 0 && backend_index < sched->n_backends);
+
+    return sched->bufts[backend_index];
+}
+
 size_t ggml_backend_sched_get_buffer_size(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, ggml_backend_t backend) {
     GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     int backend_index = ggml_backend_sched_backend_id(sched, backend);
diff --git a/include/llama.h b/include/llama.h
index 453190e852b51..452d9ec5bf285 100644
--- a/include/llama.h
+++ b/include/llama.h
@@ -1329,24 +1329,25 @@ extern "C" {
     //
     // Performance utils
     //
-    // NOTE: Used by llama.cpp examples, avoid using in third-party apps. Instead, do your own performance measurements.
+    // NOTE: Used by llama.cpp examples/tools, avoid using in third-party apps. Instead, do your own performance measurements.
     //
 
     struct llama_perf_context_data {
-        double t_start_ms;
-        double t_load_ms;
-        double t_p_eval_ms;
-        double t_eval_ms;
-
-        int32_t n_p_eval;
-        int32_t n_eval;
-        int32_t n_reused; // number of times a ggml compute graph had been reused
+        // ms == milliseconds
+        double t_start_ms;  // absolute start time
+        double t_load_ms;   // time needed for loading the model
+        double t_p_eval_ms; // time needed for processing the prompt
+        double t_eval_ms;   // time needed for generating tokens
+
+        int32_t n_p_eval;   // number of prompt tokens
+        int32_t n_eval;     // number of generated tokens
+        int32_t n_reused;   // number of times a ggml compute graph had been reused
     };
 
     struct llama_perf_sampler_data {
-        double t_sample_ms;
+        double t_sample_ms; // time needed for sampling in ms
 
-        int32_t n_sample;
+        int32_t n_sample;   // number of sampled tokens
     };
 
     LLAMA_API struct llama_perf_context_data llama_perf_context      (const struct llama_context * ctx);
@@ -1358,6 +1359,9 @@ extern "C" {
     LLAMA_API void                           llama_perf_sampler_print(const struct llama_sampler * chain);
     LLAMA_API void                           llama_perf_sampler_reset(      struct llama_sampler * chain);
 
+    // print a breakdown of per-device memory use via LLAMA_LOG:
+    LLAMA_API void llama_memory_breakdown_print(const struct llama_context * ctx);
+
     //
     // training
     //
diff --git a/src/llama-context.cpp b/src/llama-context.cpp
index 289a32b6d3473..49386e85665f9 100644
--- a/src/llama-context.cpp
+++ b/src/llama-context.cpp
@@ -2027,6 +2027,21 @@ void llama_context::perf_reset() {
     n_reused    = 0;
 }
 
+std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, llama_memory_breakdown_data> llama_context::memory_breakdown() const {
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, llama_memory_breakdown_data> ret;
+    for (const auto & buft_size : model.memory_breakdown()) {
+        ret[buft_size.first].model += buft_size.second;
+    }
+    for (const auto & buft_size : memory->memory_breakdown()) {
+        ret[buft_size.first].context += buft_size.second;
+    }
+    for (const auto & backend_ptr : backends) {
+        ggml_backend_t backend = backend_ptr.get();
+        ret[ggml_backend_sched_get_buffer_type(sched.get(), backend)].compute += ggml_backend_sched_get_buffer_size(sched.get(), backend);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
 //
 // training
 //
@@ -2765,6 +2780,142 @@ void llama_perf_context_reset(llama_context * ctx) {
     ctx->perf_reset();
 }
 
+void llama_memory_breakdown_print(const struct llama_context * ctx) {
+    const std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> & devices = ctx->get_model().devices;
+
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, llama_memory_breakdown_data> memory_breakdown = ctx->memory_breakdown();
+
+    std::vector<std::array<std::string, 9>> table_data;
+    table_data.reserve(devices.size());
+    const std::string template_header = "%s: | %s | %s   %s    %s   %s   %s   %s    %s |\n";
+    const std::string template_gpu    = "%s: | %s | %s = %s + (%s = %s + %s + %s) + %s |\n";
+    const std::string template_other  = "%s: | %s | %s   %s    %s = %s + %s + %s    %s |\n";
+
+    table_data.push_back({template_header, "memory breakdown [MiB]", "total", "free", "self", "model", "context", "compute", "unaccounted"});
+
+    constexpr size_t MiB = 1024 * 1024;
+    const std::vector<std::string> desc_prefixes_strip = {"NVIDIA ", "GeForce ", "Tesla ", "AMD ", "Radeon ", "Instinct "};
+
+    // track seen buffer types to avoid double counting:
+    std::set<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t> seen_buffer_types;
+
+    // accumulative memory breakdown for each device and for host:
+    std::vector<llama_memory_breakdown_data> mb_dev(devices.size());
+    llama_memory_breakdown_data              mb_host;
+
+    for (const auto & buft_mb : memory_breakdown) {
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t          buft = buft_mb.first;
+        const llama_memory_breakdown_data & mb   = buft_mb.second;
+        if (ggml_backend_buft_is_host(buft)) {
+            mb_host.model   += mb.model;
+            mb_host.context += mb.context;
+            mb_host.compute += mb.compute;
+            seen_buffer_types.insert(buft);
+            continue;
+        }
+        ggml_backend_dev_t dev = ggml_backend_buft_get_device(buft);
+        if (dev) {
+            int i_dev = -1;
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < devices.size(); i++) {
+                if (devices[i] == dev) {
+                    i_dev = i;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (i_dev != -1) {
+                mb_dev[i_dev].model   += mb.model;
+                mb_dev[i_dev].context += mb.context;
+                mb_dev[i_dev].compute += mb.compute;
+                seen_buffer_types.insert(buft);
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // print memory breakdown for each device:
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < devices.size(); i++) {
+        ggml_backend_dev_t          dev = devices[i];
+        llama_memory_breakdown_data mb  = mb_dev[i];
+
+        const std::string name = ggml_backend_dev_name(dev);
+        std::string desc = ggml_backend_dev_description(dev);
+        for (const std::string & prefix : desc_prefixes_strip) {
+            if (desc.length() >= prefix.length() && desc.substr(0, prefix.length()) == prefix) {
+                desc = desc.substr(prefix.length());
+            }
+        }
+
+        size_t free, total;
+        ggml_backend_dev_memory(dev, &free, &total);
+
+        const size_t self = mb.model + mb.context + mb.compute;
+        const size_t unaccounted = total - self - free;
+
+        table_data.push_back({
+            template_gpu,
+            "  - " + name + " (" + desc + ")",
+            std::to_string(total / MiB),
+            std::to_string(free / MiB),
+            std::to_string(self / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb.model / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb.context / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb.compute / MiB),
+            std::to_string(unaccounted / MiB)});
+    }
+
+    // print memory breakdown for host:
+    {
+        const size_t self = mb_host.model + mb_host.context + mb_host.compute;
+        table_data.push_back({
+            template_other,
+            "  - Host",
+            "", // total
+            "", // free
+            std::to_string(self / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb_host.model / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb_host.context / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb_host.compute / MiB),
+            ""}); // unaccounted
+    }
+
+    // print memory breakdown for all remaining buffer types:
+    for (const auto & buft_mb : memory_breakdown) {
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t          buft = buft_mb.first;
+        const llama_memory_breakdown_data & mb   = buft_mb.second;
+        if (seen_buffer_types.count(buft) == 1) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        const std::string name = ggml_backend_buft_name(buft);
+        const size_t self = mb.model + mb.context + mb.compute;
+        table_data.push_back({
+            template_other,
+            "  - " + name,
+            "", // total
+            "", // free
+            std::to_string(self / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb.model / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb.context / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb.compute / MiB),
+            ""}); // unaccounted
+        seen_buffer_types.insert(buft);
+    }
+
+    for (size_t j = 1; j < table_data[0].size(); j++) {
+        size_t max_len = 0;
+        for (const auto & td : table_data) {
+            max_len = std::max(max_len, td[j].length());
+        }
+        for (auto & td : table_data) {
+            td[j].insert(j == 1 ? td[j].length() : 0, max_len - td[j].length(), ' ');
+        }
+    }
+    for (const auto & td : table_data) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO(td[0].c_str(),
+            __func__, td[1].c_str(), td[2].c_str(), td[3].c_str(), td[4].c_str(), td[5].c_str(),
+            td[6].c_str(), td[7].c_str(), td[8].c_str());
+    }
+}
+
 //
 // training
 //
diff --git a/src/llama-context.h b/src/llama-context.h
index f23aa8ee1368d..ed6d82cb396f9 100644
--- a/src/llama-context.h
+++ b/src/llama-context.h
@@ -17,9 +17,17 @@ class llama_batch_allocr;
 class llama_io_read_i;
 class llama_io_write_i;
 
+// "memory" as in abstract memory for the context
 struct llama_memory_i;
 struct llama_memory_context_i;
 
+// "memory" as in physical memory for a buffer type, in bytes
+struct llama_memory_breakdown_data {
+    size_t model   = 0; // memory allocated for the model
+    size_t context = 0; // memory allocated for the context
+    size_t compute = 0; // memory allocated for temporary compute buffers
+};
+
 struct llama_context {
     // init scheduler and compute buffers, reserve worst-case graphs
     llama_context(
@@ -144,6 +152,8 @@ struct llama_context {
     llama_perf_context_data perf_get_data() const;
     void perf_reset();
 
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, llama_memory_breakdown_data> memory_breakdown() const;
+
     //
     // training
     //
diff --git a/src/llama-kv-cache-iswa.cpp b/src/llama-kv-cache-iswa.cpp
index d7342914c6b7c..827302e6d25bd 100644
--- a/src/llama-kv-cache-iswa.cpp
+++ b/src/llama-kv-cache-iswa.cpp
@@ -113,6 +113,14 @@ llama_pos llama_kv_cache_iswa::seq_pos_max(llama_seq_id seq_id) const {
     return kv_swa->seq_pos_max(seq_id);
 }
 
+std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> llama_kv_cache_iswa::memory_breakdown() const {
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> mb = kv_base->memory_breakdown();
+    for (const auto & buft_size : kv_swa->memory_breakdown()) {
+        mb[buft_size.first] += buft_size.second;
+    }
+    return mb;
+}
+
 llama_memory_context_ptr llama_kv_cache_iswa::init_batch(llama_batch_allocr & balloc, uint32_t n_ubatch, bool embd_all) {
     GGML_UNUSED(embd_all);
 
diff --git a/src/llama-kv-cache-iswa.h b/src/llama-kv-cache-iswa.h
index 5ed134b795800..70ab22f0d6086 100644
--- a/src/llama-kv-cache-iswa.h
+++ b/src/llama-kv-cache-iswa.h
@@ -56,6 +56,8 @@ class llama_kv_cache_iswa : public llama_memory_i {
     llama_pos seq_pos_min(llama_seq_id seq_id) const override;
     llama_pos seq_pos_max(llama_seq_id seq_id) const override;
 
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> memory_breakdown() const override;
+
     // state write/load
 
     void state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1, llama_state_seq_flags flags = 0) const override;
diff --git a/src/llama-kv-cache.cpp b/src/llama-kv-cache.cpp
index 885be072a75c8..816f2d5de592b 100644
--- a/src/llama-kv-cache.cpp
+++ b/src/llama-kv-cache.cpp
@@ -473,6 +473,14 @@ llama_pos llama_kv_cache::seq_pos_max(llama_seq_id seq_id) const {
     return cells.seq_pos_max(seq_id);
 }
 
+std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> llama_kv_cache::memory_breakdown() const {
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> ret;
+    for (const ggml_backend_buffer_ptr & buf_ptr : bufs) {
+        ret[ggml_backend_buffer_get_type(buf_ptr.get())] += ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(buf_ptr.get());
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
 llama_memory_context_ptr llama_kv_cache::init_batch(
             llama_batch_allocr & balloc,
             uint32_t n_ubatch,
diff --git a/src/llama-kv-cache.h b/src/llama-kv-cache.h
index 30de013f5f7f3..85f0663d8c1d4 100644
--- a/src/llama-kv-cache.h
+++ b/src/llama-kv-cache.h
@@ -121,6 +121,8 @@ class llama_kv_cache : public llama_memory_i {
     llama_pos seq_pos_min(llama_seq_id seq_id) const override;
     llama_pos seq_pos_max(llama_seq_id seq_id) const override;
 
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> memory_breakdown() const override;
+
     // state write/load
 
     void state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1, llama_state_seq_flags flags = 0) const override;
diff --git a/src/llama-memory-hybrid.cpp b/src/llama-memory-hybrid.cpp
index ba61ebaa885fe..abf652483c202 100644
--- a/src/llama-memory-hybrid.cpp
+++ b/src/llama-memory-hybrid.cpp
@@ -166,6 +166,14 @@ llama_pos llama_memory_hybrid::seq_pos_max(llama_seq_id seq_id) const {
     return std::min(mem_attn->seq_pos_max(seq_id), mem_recr->seq_pos_max(seq_id));
 }
 
+std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> llama_memory_hybrid::memory_breakdown() const {
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> mb = mem_attn->memory_breakdown();
+    for (const auto & buft_size : mem_recr->memory_breakdown()) {
+        mb[buft_size.first] += buft_size.second;
+    }
+    return mb;
+}
+
 void llama_memory_hybrid::state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_state_seq_flags flags) const {
     GGML_UNUSED(flags);
 
diff --git a/src/llama-memory-hybrid.h b/src/llama-memory-hybrid.h
index 11a3565178297..558cafdf984c9 100644
--- a/src/llama-memory-hybrid.h
+++ b/src/llama-memory-hybrid.h
@@ -68,6 +68,8 @@ class llama_memory_hybrid : public llama_memory_i {
     llama_pos seq_pos_min(llama_seq_id seq_id) const override;
     llama_pos seq_pos_max(llama_seq_id seq_id) const override;
 
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> memory_breakdown() const override;
+
     // state write/load
 
     void state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq_id = -1, llama_state_seq_flags flags = 0) const override;
diff --git a/src/llama-memory-recurrent.cpp b/src/llama-memory-recurrent.cpp
index 08716ed91aed1..44645fcdd2d48 100644
--- a/src/llama-memory-recurrent.cpp
+++ b/src/llama-memory-recurrent.cpp
@@ -359,6 +359,14 @@ llama_pos llama_memory_recurrent::seq_pos_max(llama_seq_id seq_id) const {
     return result;
 }
 
+std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> llama_memory_recurrent::memory_breakdown() const {
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> ret;
+    for (const ggml_backend_buffer_ptr & buf_ptr : bufs) {
+        ret[ggml_backend_buffer_get_type(buf_ptr.get())] += ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(buf_ptr.get());
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
 llama_memory_context_ptr llama_memory_recurrent::init_batch(llama_batch_allocr & balloc, uint32_t n_ubatch, bool embd_all) {
     do {
         balloc.split_reset();
diff --git a/src/llama-memory-recurrent.h b/src/llama-memory-recurrent.h
index c4daf00495bc2..077c6e3ce938d 100644
--- a/src/llama-memory-recurrent.h
+++ b/src/llama-memory-recurrent.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "llama-graph.h"
 #include "llama-memory.h"
 
+#include <map>
 #include <set>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -50,6 +51,8 @@ class llama_memory_recurrent : public llama_memory_i {
     llama_pos seq_pos_min(llama_seq_id seq_id) const override;
     llama_pos seq_pos_max(llama_seq_id seq_id) const override;
 
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> memory_breakdown() const override;
+
     bool prepare(const std::vector<llama_ubatch> & ubatches);
 
     // find a contiguous slot of memory cells and emplace the ubatch there
diff --git a/src/llama-memory.h b/src/llama-memory.h
index ccd1f073b0848..4a157b91fdbdc 100644
--- a/src/llama-memory.h
+++ b/src/llama-memory.h
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "llama.h"
 
+#include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <functional>
 
@@ -108,6 +109,8 @@ struct llama_memory_i {
     virtual llama_pos seq_pos_min(llama_seq_id seq_id) const = 0;
     virtual llama_pos seq_pos_max(llama_seq_id seq_id) const = 0;
 
+    virtual std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> memory_breakdown() const = 0;
+
     //
     // state write/read
     //
diff --git a/src/llama-model.cpp b/src/llama-model.cpp
index 818b209641a5a..1e84c54fa3c8d 100644
--- a/src/llama-model.cpp
+++ b/src/llama-model.cpp
@@ -5903,6 +5903,14 @@ size_t llama_model::n_devices() const {
     return devices.size();
 }
 
+std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> llama_model::memory_breakdown() const {
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> ret;
+    for (const ggml_backend_buffer_ptr & buf_ptr : pimpl->bufs) {
+        ret[ggml_backend_buffer_get_type(buf_ptr.get())] += ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(buf_ptr.get());
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
 uint64_t llama_model::n_elements() const {
     return pimpl->n_elements;
 }
diff --git a/src/llama-model.h b/src/llama-model.h
index 10b1767f27228..80aff5f2f2d1a 100644
--- a/src/llama-model.h
+++ b/src/llama-model.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "llama-memory.h"
 #include "llama-vocab.h"
 
+#include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
@@ -449,10 +450,12 @@ struct llama_model {
 
     std::string desc() const;
 
-    size_t size() const;
+    size_t size() const; // file size
     size_t n_tensors() const;
     size_t n_devices() const;
 
+    std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, size_t> memory_breakdown() const;
+
     // total number of parameters in the model
     uint64_t n_elements() const;
 
diff --git a/tools/perplexity/perplexity.cpp b/tools/perplexity/perplexity.cpp
index 80cbb095da4cb..e1b1a5fe0dbd7 100644
--- a/tools/perplexity/perplexity.cpp
+++ b/tools/perplexity/perplexity.cpp
@@ -2060,6 +2060,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
 
     LOG("\n");
     llama_perf_context_print(ctx);
+    llama_memory_breakdown_print(ctx);
 
     llama_backend_free();