ruby: Segmentation fault when transcribing 8 times

[KitaitiMakoto]

Hi,

I found whispercpp gem causes SEGV when it transcribing eight times. I have investigated for several hours, but, still I couldn't find the cause.

require "whisper"

8.times do
  params  = Whisper::Params.new
  whisper = Whisper::Context.new(File.join('..', '..', 'models', 'ggml-base.en.bin'))
  jfk = File.join('..', '..', 'samples', 'jfk.wav')
  whisper.transcribe(jfk, params) # SEGV on 8th call
end

% ruby -Ilib ./tmp/8times.rb

  :
  :
  :
tmp/8times.rb:8: [BUG] Segmentation fault at 0x0000000000000020
ruby 3.3.5 (2024-09-03 revision ef084cc8f4) [arm64-darwin23]
-- Crash Report log information --------------------------------------------

See Crash Report log file in one of the following locations:

* ~/Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports

* /Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports

for more details.

Don't forget to include the above Crash Report log file in bug reports.
-- Control frame information -----------------------------------------------

c:0005 p:---- s:0025 e:000024 CFUNC  :transcribe

c:0004 p:0052 s:0019 e:000018 BLOCK  tmp/8times.rb:8

c:0003 p:0025 s:0012 e:000011 METHOD internal:numeric:237

c:0002 p:0011 s:0007 E:000318 EVAL   tmp/8times.rb:3 [FINISH]

c:0001 p:0000 s:0003 E:001f20 DUMMY  [FINISH]
-- Ruby level backtrace information ----------------------------------------

tmp/8times.rb:3:in <main>' <internal:numeric>:237:in times'

tmp/8times.rb:8:in block in <main>' tmp/8times.rb:8:in transcribe'
-- Threading information ---------------------------------------------------

Total ractor count: 1

Ruby thread count for this ractor: 1
-- Machine register context ------------------------------------------------

x0: 0x0000000000000000  x1: 0x0000000000000800  x2: 0x0000000000000000

x3: 0x0000000fffffc088  x4: 0x0000000000000000  x5: 0x0000000000000000

x6: 0x00006000006ade80  x7: 0x0000000000003fff x18: 0x0000000000000000

x19: 0x0000000131904950 x20: 0x0000000104699150 x21: 0x0000000138127f20

x22: 0x0000000000000002 x23: 0x00000001380280a0 x24: 0x0000000138028098

x25: 0x000000010469b7e8 x26: 0x0000000055550083 x27: 0x00006000026ec7b0

x28: 0x0000000000000000  lr: 0x000000011fb9cb44  fp: 0x000000016ba93920

sp: 0x000000016ba938f0
-- C level backtrace information -------------------------------------------

/Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/libruby.3.3.dylib(rb_vm_bugreport+0xb4c) [0x104bb1a2c]

/Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/libruby.3.3.dylib(rb_bug_for_fatal_signal+0x100) [0x1049ef68c]

/Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/libruby.3.3.dylib(sig_do_nothing+0x0) [0x104b134ec]

/usr/lib/system/libsystem_platform.dylib(_sigtramp+0x38) [0x198790184]

/Users/kitaitimakoto/src/github.com/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/bindings/ruby/lib/whisper.bundle(_ZL24whisper_build_graph_convR15whisper_contextR13whisper_state+0xdc) [0x11fb9cb44]

/Users/kitaitimakoto/src/github.com/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/bindings/ruby/lib/whisper.bundle(_ZL24whisper_build_graph_convR15whisper_contextR13whisper_state) [0x11fb9cb44]

/Users/kitaitimakoto/src/github.com/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/bindings/ruby/lib/whisper.bundle(ZL23whisper_encode_internalR15whisper_contextR13whisper_stateiiPFbPvES3) [0x11fb783d0]

/Users/kitaitimakoto/src/github.com/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/bindings/ruby/lib/whisper.bundle(whisper_full_with_state) [0x11fb7d0c8]

/Users/kitaitimakoto/src/github.com/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/bindings/ruby/lib/whisper.bundle(whisper_full) [0x11fb8492c]

/Users/kitaitimakoto/src/github.com/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/bindings/ruby/lib/whisper.bundle(whisper_full_parallel) [0x11fb849a4]

/Users/kitaitimakoto/src/github.com/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/bindings/ruby/lib/whisper.bundle(ZL23ruby_whisper_transcribeiPmm) [0x11fb62a28]

/Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/libruby.3.3.dylib(vm_call_cfunc_with_frame+0xf0) [0x104ba4410]

/Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/libruby.3.3.dylib(vm_exec_core+0x2318) [0x104b89c74]

/Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/libruby.3.3.dylib(rb_vm_exec+0x1f0) [0x104b86808]

/Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/libruby.3.3.dylib(rb_ec_exec_node+0x9c) [0x1049fae88]

/Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/libruby.3.3.dylib(ruby_run_node+0x60) [0x1049fad84]

/Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/bin/ruby(main+0x68) [0x10436bf24]
-- Other runtime information -----------------------------------------------


Loaded script: tmp/8times.rb


Loaded features:
0 enumerator.so

1 thread.rb

2 fiber.so

3 rational.so

4 complex.so

5 ruby2_keywords.rb

6 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/ruby/3.3.0/arm64-darwin23/enc/encdb.bundle

7 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/ruby/3.3.0/arm64-darwin23/enc/trans/transdb.bundle

8 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/ruby/3.3.0/arm64-darwin23/rbconfig.rb

9 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.3.0/rubygems/compatibility.rb

10 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.3.0/rubygems/defaults.rb

11 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.3.0/rubygems/deprecate.rb

12 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.3.0/rubygems/errors.rb

13 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.3.0/rubygems/unknown_command_spell_checker.rb

14 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.3.0/rubygems/exceptions.rb

15 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.3.0/rubygems/basic_specification.rb

16 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.3.0/rubygems/stub_specification.rb

17 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.3.0/rubygems/platform.rb

18 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.3.0/rubygems/specification_record.rb

19 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.3.0/rubygems/util/list.rb

20 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.3.0/rubygems/version.rb

21 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.3.0/rubygems/requirement.rb

22 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.3.0/rubygems/specification.rb

23 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.3.0/rubygems/util.rb

24 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.3.0/rubygems/dependency.rb

25 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.3.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_gem.rb

26 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/ruby/3.3.0/arm64-darwin23/monitor.bundle

27 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/ruby/3.3.0/monitor.rb

28 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.3.0/rubygems.rb

29 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/ruby/3.3.0/bundled_gems.rb

30 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.rubies/ruby-3.3.5/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.3.0/rubygems/path_support.rb

31 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.gem/ruby/3.3.5/gems/error_highlight-0.6.0/lib/error_highlight/version.rb

32 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.gem/ruby/3.3.5/gems/error_highlight-0.6.0/lib/error_highlight/base.rb

33 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.gem/ruby/3.3.5/gems/error_highlight-0.6.0/lib/error_highlight/formatter.rb

34 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.gem/ruby/3.3.5/gems/error_highlight-0.6.0/lib/error_highlight/core_ext.rb

35 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.gem/ruby/3.3.5/gems/error_highlight-0.6.0/lib/error_highlight.rb

36 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.gem/ruby/3.3.5/gems/did_you_mean-1.6.3/lib/did_you_mean/version.rb

37 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.gem/ruby/3.3.5/gems/did_you_mean-1.6.3/lib/did_you_mean/core_ext/name_error.rb

38 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.gem/ruby/3.3.5/gems/did_you_mean-1.6.3/lib/did_you_mean/levenshtein.rb

39 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.gem/ruby/3.3.5/gems/did_you_mean-1.6.3/lib/did_you_mean/jaro_winkler.rb

40 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.gem/ruby/3.3.5/gems/did_you_mean-1.6.3/lib/did_you_mean/spell_checker.rb

41 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.gem/ruby/3.3.5/gems/did_you_mean-1.6.3/lib/did_you_mean/spell_checkers/name_error_checkers/class_name_checker.rb

42 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.gem/ruby/3.3.5/gems/did_you_mean-1.6.3/lib/did_you_mean/spell_checkers/name_error_checkers/variable_name_checker.rb

43 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.gem/ruby/3.3.5/gems/did_you_mean-1.6.3/lib/did_you_mean/spell_checkers/name_error_checkers.rb

44 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.gem/ruby/3.3.5/gems/did_you_mean-1.6.3/lib/did_you_mean/spell_checkers/method_name_checker.rb

45 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.gem/ruby/3.3.5/gems/did_you_mean-1.6.3/lib/did_you_mean/spell_checkers/key_error_checker.rb

46 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.gem/ruby/3.3.5/gems/did_you_mean-1.6.3/lib/did_you_mean/spell_checkers/null_checker.rb

47 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.gem/ruby/3.3.5/gems/did_you_mean-1.6.3/lib/did_you_mean/tree_spell_checker.rb

48 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.gem/ruby/3.3.5/gems/did_you_mean-1.6.3/lib/did_you_mean/spell_checkers/require_path_checker.rb

49 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.gem/ruby/3.3.5/gems/did_you_mean-1.6.3/lib/did_you_mean/spell_checkers/pattern_key_name_checker.rb

50 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.gem/ruby/3.3.5/gems/did_you_mean-1.6.3/lib/did_you_mean/formatter.rb

51 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.gem/ruby/3.3.5/gems/did_you_mean-1.6.3/lib/did_you_mean.rb

52 /Users/kitaitimakoto/.gem/ruby/3.3.5/gems/syntax_suggest-2.0.1/lib/syntax_suggest/core_ext.rb

53 /Users/kitaitimakoto/src/github.com/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/bindings/ruby/lib/whisper.bundle


Process memory map:


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[IMPORTANT]

Don't forget to include the Crash Report log file under

DiagnosticReports directory in bug reports.

When I insert GC.start after whisper.transcribe, it prevents SEGV:

require "whisper"

8.times do
  params  = Whisper::Params.new
  whisper = Whisper::Context.new(File.join('..', '..', 'models', 'ggml-base.en.bin'))
  jfk = File.join('..', '..', 'samples', 'jfk.wav')
  whisper.transcribe(jfk, params) # SEGV on 8th call
  GC.start # <- This prevents SEGV
end

But, if I have an array keep reference to Whisper::Context objects, it causes SEGV, again, even though I call GC.start. It's reasonable because during the array keeps reference toWhisper::Context instances, GC doesn't release them.

require "whisper"

whispers = []
8.times do
  params  = Whisper::Params.new
  whisper = Whisper::Context.new(File.join('..', '..', 'models', 'ggml-base.en.bin'))
  whispers << whisper
  jfk = File.join('..', '..', 'samples', 'jfk.wav')
  whisper.transcribe(jfk, params) # SEGV on 8th call
  GC.start
end

I found that ggml_init()in whisper_build_graph_conv returns NULL on 8th call and it causes SEGV:
https://github.com/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/blob/0fbaac9c891055796456df7b9122a70c220f9ca1/src/whisper.cpp#L1945

But I don't know why, for now. Does someone have any idea on this?

Thanks.

Environment 1:

• MacBook Pro
• macOS Sequoia 15.0.1
• Apple M2

Environment 2:

• Docker Debian GNU/Linux 12 image on MacBook Pro above

[KitaitiMakoto]

Related to #2520. SEGV doesn't occur when I increase GGML_MAX_CONTEXTS. Now, the issue is when and how inform that fact to user.

[ggerganov]

That most likely means that a ggml_context is not freed somewhere. I'll take a look.

[ggerganov]

I did some tests here, and I don't think any contexts are leaked, so not sure why the gem fails.

[ggerganov]

Ah, so I just realized - if you enable GC then it works. Well this is expected - without GC, the contexts remain allocated and at some point the internal ggml pool of context will run out of capacity. The application should not retain too many whisper_contexts at a given time and should clean up when they are no longer used.

[KitaitiMakoto]

Yes, I think so, too. But, this is a library and we cannot control how many contexts users keep. I want to provide a way to handle the case of too many contexts in Ruby code, avoiding segmentation fault.

In my case, test script creates many contexts and often causes SEGV. Now I need run test separately manually.

So, I hope whisper.cpp to check the return value of ggml_init() if it's NULL.

As another way, we can count how many times contexts is created and freed and report error when the count exceeds the limit in Ruby code. Did you mean this way?

This is you project. I follow your way.

[KitaitiMakoto]

I saw #2525 after I wrote previous comment. I will try to rebuild with the patch this week.

[ggerganov]

With #2525 the ggml_init() should never return NULL since we now allocate dynamically the context.

[KitaitiMakoto]

Great! I confirmed there's no SEGV anymore. Thank you so much!