lockfile: move documentation to lockfile.h and lockfile.c

Rearrange/rewrite it somewhat to fit its new environment.

Signed-off-by: Michael Haggerty <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <[email protected]>

Author: mhagger

Documentation/technical/api-lockfile.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,59 @@
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2005, Junio C Hamano
  */
+
+/*
+ * State diagram and cleanup
+ * -------------------------
+ *
+ * This module keeps track of all locked files in `lock_file_list` for
+ * use at cleanup. This list and the `lock_file` objects that comprise
+ * it must be kept in self-consistent states at all time, because the
+ * program can be interrupted any time by a signal, in which case the
+ * signal handler will walk through the list attempting to clean up
+ * any open lock files.
+ *
+ * The possible states of a `lock_file` object are as follows:
+ *
+ * - Uninitialized. In this state the object's `on_list` field must be
+ *   zero but the rest of its contents need not be initialized. As
+ *   soon as the object is used in any way, it is irrevocably
+ *   registered in `lock_file_list`, and `on_list` is set.
+ *
+ * - Locked, lockfile open (after `hold_lock_file_for_update()`,
+ *   `hold_lock_file_for_append()`, or `reopen_lock_file()`). In this
+ *   state:
+ *
+ *   - the lockfile exists
+ *   - `active` is set
+ *   - `filename` holds the filename of the lockfile
+ *   - `fd` holds a file descriptor open for writing to the lockfile
+ *   - `fp` holds a pointer to an open `FILE` object if and only if
+ *     `fdopen_lock_file()` has been called on the object
+ *   - `owner` holds the PID of the process that locked the file
+ *
+ * - Locked, lockfile closed (after successful `close_lock_file()`).
+ *   Same as the previous state, except that the lockfile is closed
+ *   and `fd` is -1.
+ *
+ * - Unlocked (after `commit_lock_file()`, `commit_lock_file_to()`,
+ *   `rollback_lock_file()`, a failed attempt to lock, or a failed
+ *   `close_lock_file()`).  In this state:
+ *
+ *   - `active` is unset
+ *   - `filename` is empty (usually, though there are transitory
+ *     states in which this condition doesn't hold). Client code should
+ *     *not* rely on the filename being empty in this state.
+ *   - `fd` is -1
+ *   - the object is left registered in the `lock_file_list`, and
+ *     `on_list` is set.
+ *
+ * A lockfile is owned by the process that created it. The `lock_file`
+ * has an `owner` field that records the owner's PID. This field is
+ * used to prevent a forked process from closing a lockfile created by
+ * its parent.
+ */
+
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "lockfile.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"