@@ -14,14 +14,14 @@ SYNOPSIS
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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- In the first and second form, copy entries from <tree-ish> to the index.
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- In the third form, set the current branch head (HEAD) to <commit>, optionally
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- modifying index and working tree to match. The <tree-ish>/<commit> defaults
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- to HEAD in all forms.
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+ In the first and second form, copy entries from ` <tree-ish>` to the index.
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+ In the third form, set the current branch head (` HEAD` ) to ` <commit>`,
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+ optionally modifying index and working tree to match.
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+ The `<tree-ish>`/`<commit>` defaults to ` HEAD` in all forms.
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'git reset' [-q] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>...::
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- This form resets the index entries for all <paths> to their
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- state at <tree-ish>. (It does not affect the working tree or
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+ This form resets the index entries for all ` <paths>` to their
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+ state at ` <tree-ish>` . (It does not affect the working tree or
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the current branch.)
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+
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This means that `git reset <paths>` is the opposite of `git add
@@ -36,24 +36,24 @@ working tree in one go.
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'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]::
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Interactively select hunks in the difference between the index
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- and <tree-ish> (defaults to HEAD). The chosen hunks are applied
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+ and ` <tree-ish>` (defaults to ` HEAD` ). The chosen hunks are applied
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in reverse to the index.
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+
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This means that `git reset -p` is the opposite of `git add -p`, i.e.
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you can use it to selectively reset hunks. See the ``Interactive Mode''
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section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode.
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'git reset' [<mode>] [<commit>]::
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- This form resets the current branch head to <commit> and
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- possibly updates the index (resetting it to the tree of <commit>) and
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- the working tree depending on <mode>. If <mode> is omitted,
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- defaults to " --mixed" . The <mode> must be one of the following:
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+ This form resets the current branch head to ` <commit>` and
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+ possibly updates the index (resetting it to the tree of ` <commit>` ) and
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+ the working tree depending on ` <mode>` . If ` <mode>` is omitted,
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+ defaults to ` --mixed` . The ` <mode>` must be one of the following:
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+
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--
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--soft::
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Does not touch the index file or the working tree at all (but
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- resets the head to <commit>, just like all modes do). This leaves
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- all your changed files "Changes to be committed", as ' git status'
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+ resets the head to ` <commit>` , just like all modes do). This leaves
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+ all your changed files "Changes to be committed", as ` git status`
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would put it.
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--mixed::
@@ -66,24 +66,24 @@ linkgit:git-add[1]).
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--hard::
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Resets the index and working tree. Any changes to tracked files in the
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- working tree since <commit> are discarded.
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+ working tree since ` <commit>` are discarded.
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--merge::
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Resets the index and updates the files in the working tree that are
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- different between <commit> and HEAD, but keeps those which are
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+ different between ` <commit>` and ` HEAD` , but keeps those which are
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different between the index and working tree (i.e. which have changes
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which have not been added).
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- If a file that is different between <commit> and the index has unstaged
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- changes, reset is aborted.
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+ If a file that is different between ` <commit>` and the index has
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+ unstaged changes, reset is aborted.
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+
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- In other words, --merge does something like a ' git read-tree -u -m <commit>' ,
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+ In other words, ` --merge` does something like a ` git read-tree -u -m <commit>` ,
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but carries forward unmerged index entries.
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--keep::
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Resets index entries and updates files in the working tree that are
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- different between <commit> and HEAD.
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- If a file that is different between <commit> and HEAD has local changes,
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- reset is aborted.
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+ different between ` <commit>` and ` HEAD` .
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+ If a file that is different between ` <commit>` and ` HEAD` has local
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+ changes, reset is aborted.
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--
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If you want to undo a commit other than the latest on a branch,
@@ -113,15 +113,15 @@ $ git pull git://info.example.com/ nitfol <4>
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+
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<1> You are happily working on something, and find the changes
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in these files are in good order. You do not want to see them
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- when you run " git diff" , because you plan to work on other files
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+ when you run ` git diff` , because you plan to work on other files
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and changes with these files are distracting.
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<2> Somebody asks you to pull, and the changes sound worthy of merging.
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<3> However, you already dirtied the index (i.e. your index does
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- not match the HEAD commit). But you know the pull you are going
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- to make does not affect frotz.c or filfre.c, so you revert the
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+ not match the ` HEAD` commit). But you know the pull you are going
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+ to make does not affect ` frotz.c` or ` filfre.c` , so you revert the
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index changes for these two files. Your changes in working tree
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remain there.
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- <4> Then you can pull and merge, leaving frotz.c and filfre.c
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+ <4> Then you can pull and merge, leaving ` frotz.c` and ` filfre.c`
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changes still in the working tree.
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Undo a commit and redo::
@@ -137,11 +137,11 @@ $ git commit -a -c ORIG_HEAD <3>
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just committed is incomplete, or you misspelled your commit
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message, or both. Leaves working tree as it was before "reset".
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<2> Make corrections to working tree files.
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- <3> "reset" copies the old head to .git/ORIG_HEAD; redo the
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+ <3> "reset" copies the old head to ` .git/ORIG_HEAD` ; redo the
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commit by starting with its log message. If you do not need to
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- edit the message further, you can give -C option instead.
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+ edit the message further, you can give `-C` option instead.
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+
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- See also the --amend option to linkgit:git-commit[1].
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+ See also the ` --amend` option to linkgit:git-commit[1].
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Undo a commit, making it a topic branch::
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+
@@ -152,11 +152,11 @@ $ git checkout topic/wip <3>
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------------
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+
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<1> You have made some commits, but realize they were premature
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- to be in the " master" branch. You want to continue polishing
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- them in a topic branch, so create " topic/wip" branch off of the
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- current HEAD.
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+ to be in the ` master` branch. You want to continue polishing
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+ them in a topic branch, so create ` topic/wip` branch off of the
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+ current ` HEAD` .
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<2> Rewind the master branch to get rid of those three commits.
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- <3> Switch to " topic/wip" branch and keep working.
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+ <3> Switch to ` topic/wip` branch and keep working.
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Undo commits permanently::
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+
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ $ git commit ...
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$ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <1>
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------------
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+
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- <1> The last three commits (HEAD, HEAD^, and HEAD~2) were bad
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+ <1> The last three commits (` HEAD`, ` HEAD^` , and ` HEAD~2` ) were bad
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and you do not want to ever see them again. Do *not* do this if
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you have already given these commits to somebody else. (See the
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"RECOVERING FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section in linkgit:git-rebase[1] for
@@ -188,14 +188,14 @@ $ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD <4>
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<1> Try to update from the upstream resulted in a lot of
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conflicts; you were not ready to spend a lot of time merging
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right now, so you decide to do that later.
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- <2> "pull" has not made merge commit, so " git reset --hard"
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- which is a synonym for " git reset --hard HEAD" clears the mess
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+ <2> "pull" has not made merge commit, so ` git reset --hard`
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+ which is a synonym for ` git reset --hard HEAD` clears the mess
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from the index file and the working tree.
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<3> Merge a topic branch into the current branch, which resulted
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in a fast-forward.
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<4> But you decided that the topic branch is not ready for public
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consumption yet. "pull" or "merge" always leaves the original
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- tip of the current branch in ORIG_HEAD, so resetting hard to it
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+ tip of the current branch in ` ORIG_HEAD` , so resetting hard to it
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brings your index file and the working tree back to that state,
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and resets the tip of the branch to that commit.
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@@ -211,14 +211,14 @@ $ git reset --merge ORIG_HEAD <2>
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------------
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+
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<1> Even if you may have local modifications in your
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- working tree, you can safely say " git pull" when you know
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+ working tree, you can safely say ` git pull` when you know
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that the change in the other branch does not overlap with
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them.
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<2> After inspecting the result of the merge, you may find
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that the change in the other branch is unsatisfactory. Running
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- " git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD" will let you go back to where you
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+ ` git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD` will let you go back to where you
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were, but it will discard your local changes, which you do not
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- want. " git reset --merge" keeps your local changes.
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+ want. ` git reset --merge` keeps your local changes.
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Interrupted workflow::
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$ git reset --keep start <3>
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------------
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+
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- <1> This commits your first edits in branch1.
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+ <1> This commits your first edits in ` branch1` .
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<2> In the ideal world, you could have realized that the earlier
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commit did not belong to the new topic when you created and switched
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- to branch2 (i.e. " git checkout -b branch2 start" ), but nobody is
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+ to ` branch2` (i.e. ` git checkout -b branch2 start` ), but nobody is
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perfect.
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- <3> But you can use " reset --keep" to remove the unwanted commit after
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- you switched to " branch2" .
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+ <3> But you can use ` reset --keep` to remove the unwanted commit after
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+ you switched to ` branch2` .
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Split a commit apart into a sequence of commits::
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+
@@ -314,26 +314,27 @@ $ git commit ... <8>
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+
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<1> First, reset the history back one commit so that we remove the original
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commit, but leave the working tree with all the changes. The -N ensures
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- that any new files added with HEAD are still marked so that git add -p
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+ that any new files added with ` HEAD` are still marked so that ` git add -p`
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will find them.
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- <2> Next, we interactively select diff hunks to add using the git add -p
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+ <2> Next, we interactively select diff hunks to add using the ` git add -p`
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facility. This will ask you about each diff hunk in sequence and you can
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use simple commands such as "yes, include this", "No don't include this"
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or even the very powerful "edit" facility.
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<3> Once satisfied with the hunks you want to include, you should verify what
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- has been prepared for the first commit by using git diff --cached. This
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+ has been prepared for the first commit by using ` git diff --cached` . This
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shows all the changes that have been moved into the index and are about
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to be committed.
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- <4> Next, commit the changes stored in the index. The -c option specifies to
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+ <4> Next, commit the changes stored in the index. The `-c` option specifies to
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pre-populate the commit message from the original message that you started
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- with in the first commit. This is helpful to avoid retyping it. The HEAD@{1}
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- is a special notation for the commit that HEAD used to be at prior to the
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- original reset commit (1 change ago). See linkgit:git-reflog[1] for more
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- details. You may also use any other valid commit reference.
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+ with in the first commit. This is helpful to avoid retyping it. The
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+ `HEAD@{1}` is a special notation for the commit that `HEAD` used to be at
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+ prior to the original reset commit (1 change ago).
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+ See linkgit:git-reflog[1] for more details. You may also use any other
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+ valid commit reference.
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<5> You can repeat steps 2-4 multiple times to break the original code into
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any number of commits.
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<6> Now you've split out many of the changes into their own commits, and might
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- no longer use the patch mode of git add, in order to select all remaining
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+ no longer use the patch mode of ` git add` , in order to select all remaining
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uncommitted changes.
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<7> Once again, check to verify that you've included what you want to. You may
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also wish to verify that git diff doesn't show any remaining changes to be
@@ -350,17 +351,17 @@ The tables below show what happens when running:
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git reset --option target
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----------
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- to reset the HEAD to another commit (`target`) with the different
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+ to reset the ` HEAD` to another commit (`target`) with the different
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reset options depending on the state of the files.
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- In these tables, A, B, C and D are some different states of a
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+ In these tables, `A`, `B`, `C` and `D` are some different states of a
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file. For example, the first line of the first table means that if a
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- file is in state A in the working tree, in state B in the index, in
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- state C in HEAD and in state D in the target, then " git reset --soft
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- target" will leave the file in the working tree in state A and in the
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- index in state B . It resets (i.e. moves) the HEAD (i.e. the tip of
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- the current branch, if you are on one) to " target" (which has the file
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- in state D ).
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+ file is in state `A` in the working tree, in state `B` in the index, in
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+ state `C` in ` HEAD` and in state `D` in the target, then ` git reset --soft
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+ target` will leave the file in the working tree in state `A` and in the
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+ index in state `B` . It resets (i.e. moves) the ` HEAD` (i.e. the tip of
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+ the current branch, if you are on one) to ` target` (which has the file
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+ in state `D` ).
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....
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working index HEAD target working index HEAD
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--keep B C C
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....
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- " reset --merge" is meant to be used when resetting out of a conflicted
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+ ` reset --merge` is meant to be used when resetting out of a conflicted
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merge. Any mergy operation guarantees that the working tree file that is
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involved in the merge does not have local change wrt the index before
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it starts, and that it writes the result out to the working tree. So if
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we see some difference between the index and the target and also
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between the index and the working tree, then it means that we are not
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resetting out from a state that a mergy operation left after failing
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- with a conflict. That is why we disallow --merge option in this case.
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+ with a conflict. That is why we disallow ` --merge` option in this case.
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- " reset --keep" is meant to be used when removing some of the last
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+ ` reset --keep` is meant to be used when removing some of the last
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commits in the current branch while keeping changes in the working
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tree. If there could be conflicts between the changes in the commit we
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want to remove and the changes in the working tree we want to keep,
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the reset is disallowed. That's why it is disallowed if there are both
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- changes between the working tree and HEAD, and between HEAD and the
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+ changes between the working tree and ` HEAD` , and between ` HEAD` and the
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target. To be safe, it is also disallowed when there are unmerged
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entries.
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@@ -463,7 +464,7 @@ working index HEAD target working index HEAD
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--keep (disallowed)
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....
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- X means any state and U means an unmerged index.
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+ `X` means any state and `U` means an unmerged index.
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GIT
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---
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