l10n: Document the new l10n workflow

Change the "flow" of how translators interact with the l10n repository
at [1] to adjust it for a new workflow of not having a po/git.pot file
in-tree at all, and to not commit line numbers to the po/*.po files
that we do track in tree.

The current workflow was added in a combination of dce37b6 (l10n:
initial git.pot for 1.7.10 upcoming release, 2012-02-13) and
271ce19 (Update l10n guide, 2012-02-29).

As noted in preceding commits I think that it came about due to
technical debt I'd left behind in how the "po/git.pot" file was
created, and a mis-impression that the file:line comments were needed
as anything more than a transitory translation aid.

As the updated po/README.md shows the new workflow is substantially
the same, the difference is that translators no longer need to
initially pull from the l10n coordinator for a new po/git.pot, they
can simply use git.git's canonical source repository.

The l10n coordinator is still expected to announce a release to
translate, which presumably would always be Junio's latest release
tag. I'm not certain if this part of the process is actually
important. I.e. the delta translation-wise between that tag and
"master" is usually pretty small, so perhaps translators can just work
on "master" instead.

1. https://github.com/git-l10n/git-po/

Signed-off-by: Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Jiang Xin <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <[email protected]>

Author: avar

po/README.md

@@ -9,8 +9,14 @@ coordinates our localization effort in the l10 coordinator repository:
 
     https://github.com/git-l10n/git-po/
 
-The two character language translation codes are defined by ISO\_639-1, as
-stated in the gettext(1) full manual, appendix A.1, Usual Language Codes.
+We will use XX as an alias to refer to the language translation code in
+the following paragraphs, for example we use "po/XX.po" to refer to the
+translation file for a specific language. But this doesn't mean that
+the language code has only two letters. The language code can be in one
+of two forms: "ll" or "ll\_CC". Here "ll" is the ISO 639 two-letter
+language code and "CC" is the ISO 3166 two-letter code for country names
+and subdivisions. For example: "de" for German language code, "zh\_CN"
+for Simplified Chinese language code.
 
 
 ## Contributing to an existing translation
@@ -39,72 +45,74 @@ language, so that the l10n coordinator only needs to interact with one
 person per language.
 
 
-## Core translation
+## Translation Process Flow
 
-The core translation is the smallest set of work that must be completed
-for a new language translation. Because there are more than 5000 messages
-in the template message file "po/git.pot" that need to be translated,
-this is not a piece of cake for the contributor for a new language.
+The overall data-flow looks like this:
 
-The core template message file which contains a small set of messages
-will be generated in "po-core/core.pot" automatically by running a helper
-program named "git-po-helper" (described later).
+    +-------------------+             +------------------+
+    | Git source code   | ----(2)---> | L10n coordinator |
+    | repository        | <---(5)---- | repository       |
+    +-------------------+             +------------------+
+                    |                     |    ^
+                   (1)                   (3)  (4)
+                    V                     v    |
+               +----------------------------------+
+               |        Language Team XX          |
+               +----------------------------------+
 
-```shell
-git-po-helper init --core XX.po
-```
+- Translatable strings are marked in the source file.
+- Language teams can start translation iterations at any time, even
+  before the l10n window opens:
 
-After translating the generated "po-core/XX.po", you can merge it to
-"po/XX.po" using the following commands:
+  + Pull from the master branch of the source (1)
+  + Update the message file by running "make po-update PO\_FILE=po/XX.po"
+  + Translate the message file "po/XX.po"
 
-```shell
-msgcat po-core/XX.po po/XX.po -s -o /tmp/XX.po
-mv /tmp/XX.po po/XX.po
-git-po-helper update XX.po
-```
+- The L10n coordinator pulls from source and announces the l10n window
+  open (2)
+- Language team pulls from the l10n coordinator, starts another
+  translation iteration against the l10n coordinator's tree (3)
 
-Edit "po/XX.po" by hand to fix "fuzzy" messages, which may have misplaced
-translated messages and duplicate messages.
+  + Run "git pull --rebase" from the l10n coordinator
+  + Update the message file by running "make po-update PO\_FILE=po/XX.po"
+  + Translate the message file "po/XX.po"
+  + Squash trivial l10n git commits using "git rebase -i"
 
+- Language team sends pull request to the l10n coordinator (4)
+- L10n coordinator checks and merges
+- L10n coordinator asks the result to be pulled (5).
 
-## Translation Process Flow
 
-The overall data-flow looks like this:
+## Dynamically generated POT files
 
-    +-------------------+            +------------------+
-    | Git source code   | ---(1)---> | L10n coordinator |
-    | repository        | <---(4)--- | repository       |
-    +-------------------+            +------------------+
-                                          |      ^
-                                         (2)    (3)
-                                          V      |
-                                     +------------------+
-                                     | Language Team XX |
-                                     +------------------+
+POT files are templates for l10n contributors to create or update their
+translation files. We used to have the "po/git.pot" file which was
+generated by the l10n coordinator, but this file had been removed from
+the tree.
 
-- Translatable strings are marked in the source file.
-- L10n coordinator pulls from the source (1)
-- L10n coordinator updates the message template "po/git.pot"
-- Language team pulls from L10n coordinator (2)
-- Language team updates the message file "po/XX.po"
-- L10n coordinator pulls from Language team (3)
-- L10n coordinator asks the result to be pulled (4).
+The two POT files "po/git.pot" and "po/git-core.pot" can be created
+dynamically when necessary.
 
+L10n contributors use "po/git.pot" to prepare translations for their
+languages, but they are not expected to modify it. The "po/git.pot" file
+can be generated manually with the following command:
 
-## Maintaining the "po/git.pot" file
+```shell
+make po/git.pot
+```
 
-(This is done by the l10n coordinator).
+The "po/git-core.pot" file is the template for core translations. A core
+translation is the minimum set of work necessary to complete a
+translation of a new language. Since there are more than 5000 messages
+in the full set of template message file "po/git.pot" that need to be
+translated, this is not a piece of cake for new language contributors.
 
-The "po/git.pot" file contains a message catalog extracted from Git's
-sources. The l10n coordinator maintains it by adding new translations with
-msginit(1), or update existing ones with msgmerge(1).  In order to update
-the Git sources to extract the messages from, the l10n coordinator is
-expected to pull from the main git repository at strategic point in
-history (e.g. when a major release and release candidates are tagged),
-and then run "make pot" at the top-level directory.
+The "core" template file "po/git-core.pot" can be generated manually
+by running:
 
-Language contributors use this file to prepare translations for their
-language, but they are not expected to modify it.
+```shell
+make po/git-core.pot
+```
 
 
 ## Initializing a "XX.po" file
@@ -115,32 +123,14 @@ If your language XX does not have translated message file "po/XX.po" yet,
 you add a translation for the first time by running:
 
 ```shell
-msginit --locale=XX
+make po-init PO_FILE=po/XX.po
 ```
 
-in the "po/" directory, where XX is the locale, e.g. "de", "is", "pt\_BR",
-"zh\_CN", etc.
-
-Then edit the automatically generated copyright info in your new "XX.po"
-to be correct, e.g. for Icelandic:
-
-```diff
-@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
--# Icelandic translations for PACKAGE package.
--# Copyright (C) 2010 THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
--# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
-+# Icelandic translations for Git.
-+# Copyright (C) 2010 Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <[email protected]>
-+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
- # Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <[email protected]>, 2010.
-```
-
-And change references to PACKAGE VERSION in the PO Header Entry to
-just "Git":
+where XX is the locale, e.g. "de", "is", "pt\_BR", "zh\_CN", etc.
 
-```shell
-perl -pi -e 's/(?<="Project-Id-Version: )PACKAGE VERSION/Git/' XX.po
-```
+The newly generated message file "po/XX.po" is based on the core pot
+file "po/git-core.pot", so it contains only a minimal set of messages
+and it's a good start for a new language contribution.
 
 Once you are done testing the translation (see below), commit the result
 and ask the l10n coordinator to pull from you.
@@ -153,19 +143,53 @@ and ask the l10n coordinator to pull from you.
 If you are replacing translation strings in an existing "XX.po" file to
 improve the translation, just edit the file.
 
-If there's an existing "XX.po" file for your language, but the repository
-of the l10n coordinator has newer "po/git.pot" file, you would need to first
-pull from the l10n coordinator (see the beginning of this document for its
-URL), and then update the existing translation by running:
+If you want to find new translatable strings in source files of upstream
+repository and propagate them to your "po/XX.po", run command:
 
 ```shell
-msgmerge --add-location --backup=off -U XX.po git.pot
+make po-update PO_FILE=po/XX.po
 ```
 
-in the "po/" directory, where "XX.po" is the file you want to update.
+It will:
 
-Once you are done testing the translation (see below), commit the result
-and ask the l10n coordinator to pull from you.
+- Call "make po/git.pot" to generate new "po/git.pot" file
+- Call "msgmerge --add-location --backup=off -U po/XX.po po/git.pot"
+  to update your "po/XX.po"
+- The "--add-location" option for msgmerge will add location lines,
+  and these location lines will help translation tools to locate
+  translation context easily.
+
+Once you are done testing the translation (see below), it's better
+to commit a location-less "po/XX.po" file to save repository space
+and make a user-friendly patch for review.
+
+To save a location-less "po/XX.po" automatically in repository, you
+can:
+
+First define a new attribute for "po/XX.po" by appending the following
+line in ".git/info/attributes":
+
+```
+/po/XX.po filter=gettext-no-location
+```
+
+Then define the driver for the "gettext-no-location" clean filter to
+strip out both filenames and locations from the contents as follows:
+
+```shell
+git config --global filter.gettext-no-location.clean \
+           "msgcat --no-location -"
+```
+
+For users who have gettext version 0.20 or higher, it is also possible
+to define a clean filter to preserve filenames but not locations:
+
+```shell
+git config --global filter.gettext-no-location.clean \
+           "msgcat --add-location=file -"
+```
+
+You're now ready to ask the l10n coordinator to pull from you.
 
 
 ## Fuzzy translation
@@ -196,6 +220,14 @@ common errors, e.g. missing printf format strings, or translated
 messages that deviate from the originals in whether they begin/end
 with a newline or not.
 
+L10n coordinator will check your contributions using a helper program
+(see "PO helper" section below):
+
+```shell
+git-po-helper check-po po/XX.po
+git-po-helper check-commits <rev-list-opts>
+```
+
 
 ## Marking strings for translation
 
@@ -370,29 +402,6 @@ l10n workflow.
 To build and install the helper program from source, see
 [git-po-helper/README][].
 
-Usage for git-po-helper:
-
-- To start a new language translation:
-
-  ```shell
-  git-po-helper init XX.po
-  ```
-
-- To update your "XX.po" file:
-
-  ```shell
-  git-po-helper update XX.po
-  ```
-
-- To check commit log and syntax of "XX.po":
-
-  ```shell
-  git-po-helper check-po XX.po
-  git-po-helper check-commits
-  ```
-
-Run "git-po-helper" without arguments to show usage.
-
 
 ## Conventions
 
@@ -436,13 +445,8 @@ additional conventions:
 - Initialize proper filename of the "XX.po" file conforming to
   iso-639 and iso-3166.
 
-- Must complete a minimal translation based on the "po-core/core.pot"
-  template. Using the following command to initialize the minimal
-  "po-core/XX.po" file:
-
-  ```shell
-  git-po-helper init --core <your-language>
-  ```
+- Must complete a minimal translation based on the "Core
+  translation". See that section above.
 
 - Add a new entry in the "po/TEAMS" file with proper format, and check
   the syntax of "po/TEAMS" by running the following command: