send-email: finer-grained SMTP error handling

Code captured errors but did not process them further.
This treated all failures the same without distinguishing SMTP status.

Add a regex to extract status codes as defined in RFC 5321:

- For 4yz (temporary errors), return 1 and allow retries.
- For 5yz (permanent errors), return 0 as failure.
- For unrecognized codes, treat as permanent errors.
- If no error occurs, return the authentication result.

Signed-off-by: Zheng Yuting <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <[email protected]>

Author: 05ZYT30

git-send-email.perl

@@ -1454,9 +1454,30 @@ sub smtp_auth_maybe {
 			$error = $@ || 'Unknown error';
 		};
 
-		# NOTE: SMTP status code handling will be added in a subsequent commit
-		return $result ? 1 : 0;
-	}
+		# check if an error was captured
+		if ($error) {
+			# parse SMTP status code from error message in:
+			# https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5321.html
+			if ($error =~ /\b(\d{3})\b/) {
+				my $status_code = $1;
+				if ($status_code =~ /^4/) {
+					# 4yz: Transient Negative Completion reply
+					warn "SMTP temporary error (status code $status_code): $error";
+					return 1;
+				} elsif ($status_code =~ /^5/) {
+					# 5yz: Permanent Negative Completion reply
+					warn "SMTP permanent error (status code $status_code): $error";
+					return 0;
+				}
+				# if no recognized status code is found, treat as permanent error
+				warn "SMTP unknown error: $error";
+				return 0;
+			}
+			return $result ? 1 : 0;
+		} else {
+			return $result ? 1 : 0;
+		}
+}
 
 sub ssl_verify_params {
 	eval {