Merge pull request #4090 from shaedrich/regex

Add topic "RegExp"

Author: ahpook

topics/regular-expression/index.md

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+---
+aliases: regex, regexp, regular-expressions
+created_by: Stephen Cole Kleene
+display_name: Regular expression
+released: 1950
+short_description: A regular expression is a sequence of characters that specifies a match pattern in text.
+topic: regular-expression
+wikipedia_url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression
+related: pattern-matching, wildcard, glob, grep, awk, sed
+---
+A **regular expression** (shortened as **regex** or **regexp**), sometimes referred to as rational expression, is a sequence of characters that specifies a match pattern in text. Usually such patterns are used by string-searching algorithms for "find" or "find and replace" operations on strings, or for input validation.
+
+Regular expression techniques are developed in theoretical computer science and formal language theory. They are used in search engines, in search and replace dialogs of word processors and text editors, in text processing utilities such as sed and AWK, and in lexical analysis. Regular expressions are also supported in many programming languages.
+
+Different syntaxes for writing regular expressions have existed since the 1980s, one being the POSIX standard and another, widely used, being the Perl syntax.