fix(ci): resolve all integration test suite failures (#1151)

Fixes 27+ integration test failures that were broken on main across all 4 suites
(API Proxy, Protocol & Security, Container & Ops, Domain & Network).

Root causes: stdout pollution from container entrypoint logs, incorrect
stderr/stdout assertions, missing container env var forwarding, shell escaping
issues, chroot mode behavior mismatches, DNS whitelist gaps, and CI timeout.

Changes:
- Enhanced extractCommandOutput() to strip container setup noise
- Removed incorrect LD_PRELOAD debug assertions (printenv/Python don't use C getenv)
- Use cliEnv instead of env for Docker container vars
- Fix division-by-zero shell escaping with expr
- Update chroot mode expectations (workdir=$HOME, docker binary accessible)
- Add dnsServers whitelist for Cloudflare DNS test
- Fix trailing-dot domain test to expect failure (not normalized)
- Increase integration test timeout from 30 to 45 minutes

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: Mossaka

.github/workflows/test-integration-suite.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
   test-domain-network:
     name: Domain & Network Tests
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    timeout-minutes: 30
+    timeout-minutes: 45
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ jobs:
   test-protocol-security:
     name: Protocol & Security Tests
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    timeout-minutes: 30
+    timeout-minutes: 45
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ jobs:
   test-container-ops:
     name: Container & Ops Tests
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    timeout-minutes: 30
+    timeout-minutes: 45
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ jobs:
   test-api-proxy:
     name: API Proxy Tests
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    timeout-minutes: 30
+    timeout-minutes: 45
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository