Merge branch 'master' into master

Author: timvaillancourt

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ on: [pull_request]
 jobs:
   build:
 
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
 
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v2

.github/workflows/replica-tests.yml

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ on: [pull_request]
 jobs:
   build:
 
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        version: [mysql-5.7.25,mysql-8.0.16]
+        version: [mysql-5.7.25,mysql-8.0.16,PerconaServer-8.0.21]
 
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v2

doc/command-line-flags.md

@@ -45,6 +45,22 @@ If you happen to _know_ your servers use RBR (Row Based Replication, i.e. `binlo
 Skipping this step means `gh-ost` would not need the `SUPER` privilege in order to operate.
 You may want to use this on Amazon RDS.
 
+### attempt-instant-ddl
+
+MySQL 8.0 supports "instant DDL" for some operations. If an alter statement can be completed with instant DDL, only a metadata change is required internally. Instant operations include:
+
+- Adding a column
+- Dropping a column
+- Dropping an index
+- Extending a varchar column
+- Adding a virtual generated column
+
+It is not reliable to parse the `ALTER` statement to determine if it is instant or not. This is because the table might be in an older row format, or have some other incompatibility that is difficult to identify.
+
+`--attempt-instant-ddl` is disabled by default, but the risks of enabling it are relatively minor: `gh-ost` may need to acquire a metadata lock at the start of the operation. This is not a problem for most scenarios, but it could be a problem for users that start the DDL during a period with long running transactions.
+
+`gh-ost` will automatically fallback to the normal DDL process if the attempt to use instant DDL is unsuccessful.
+
 ### conf
 
 `--conf=/path/to/my.cnf`: file where credentials are specified. Should be in (or contain) the following format:
@@ -230,6 +246,18 @@ Allows `gh-ost` to connect to the MySQL servers using encrypted connections, but
 
 `--ssl-key=/path/to/ssl-key.key`: SSL private key file (in PEM format).
 
+### storage-engine
+Default is `innodb`, and `rocksdb` support is currently experimental. InnoDB and RocksDB are both transactional engines, supporting both shared and exclusive row locks.
+
+But RocksDB currently lacks a few features support compared to InnoDB:
+- Gap Locks
+- Foreign Key
+- Generated Columns
+- Spatial
+- Geometry
+
+When `--storage-engine=rocksdb`, `gh-ost` will make some changes necessary (e.g. sets isolation level to `READ_COMMITTED`) to support RocksDB.
+
 ### test-on-replica
 
 Issue the migration on a replica; do not modify data on master. Useful for validating, testing and benchmarking. See [`testing-on-replica`](testing-on-replica.md)

doc/shared-key.md

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ CREATE TABLE tbl (
 
 (This is also the definition of the _ghost_ table, except that that table would be called `_tbl_gho`). 
 
-In this migration, the _before_ and _after_ versions contain the same unique not-null key (the PRIMARY KEY). To run this migration, `gh-ost` would iterate through the `tbl` table using the primary key, copy rows from `tbl` to the _ghost_ table `_tbl_gho` in primary key order, while also applying the binlog event writes from `tble` onto `_tbl_gho`.
+In this migration, the _before_ and _after_ versions contain the same unique not-null key (the PRIMARY KEY). To run this migration, `gh-ost` would iterate through the `tbl` table using the primary key, copy rows from `tbl` to the _ghost_ table `_tbl_gho` in primary key order, while also applying the binlog event writes from `tbl` onto `_tbl_gho`.
 
 The applying of the binlog events is what requires the shared unique key. For example, an `UPDATE` statement to `tbl` translates to a `REPLACE` statement which `gh-ost` applies to `_tbl_gho`. A `REPLACE` statement expects to insert or replace an existing row based on its row's values and the table's unique key constraints. In particular, if inserting that row would result in a unique key violation (e.g., a row with that primary key already exists), it would _replace_ that existing row with the new values.
 

go/base/context.go

@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ type MigrationContext struct {
 	AliyunRDS                bool
 	GoogleCloudPlatform      bool
 	AzureMySQL               bool
+	AttemptInstantDDL        bool
 
 	config            ContextConfig
 	configMutex       *sync.Mutex
@@ -289,6 +290,19 @@ func NewMigrationContext() *MigrationContext {
 	}
 }
 
+func (this *MigrationContext) SetConnectionConfig(storageEngine string) error {
+	var transactionIsolation string
+	switch storageEngine {
+	case "rocksdb":
+		transactionIsolation = "READ-COMMITTED"
+	default:
+		transactionIsolation = "REPEATABLE-READ"
+	}
+	this.InspectorConnectionConfig.TransactionIsolation = transactionIsolation
+	this.ApplierConnectionConfig.TransactionIsolation = transactionIsolation
+	return nil
+}
+
 func getSafeTableName(baseName string, suffix string) string {
 	name := fmt.Sprintf("_%s_%s", baseName, suffix)
 	if len(name) <= mysql.MaxTableNameLength {
@@ -427,6 +441,10 @@ func (this *MigrationContext) IsTransactionalTable() bool {
 		{
 			return true
 		}
+	case "rocksdb":
+		{
+			return true
+		}
 	}
 	return false
 }

go/cmd/gh-ost/main.go

@@ -67,6 +67,9 @@ func main() {
 	flag.StringVar(&migrationContext.DatabaseName, "database", "", "database name (mandatory)")
 	flag.StringVar(&migrationContext.OriginalTableName, "table", "", "table name (mandatory)")
 	flag.StringVar(&migrationContext.AlterStatement, "alter", "", "alter statement (mandatory)")
+	flag.BoolVar(&migrationContext.AttemptInstantDDL, "attempt-instant-ddl", false, "Attempt to use instant DDL for this migration first")
+	storageEngine := flag.String("storage-engine", "innodb", "Specify table storage engine (default: 'innodb'). When 'rocksdb': the session transaction isolation level is changed from REPEATABLE_READ to READ_COMMITTED.")
+
 	flag.BoolVar(&migrationContext.CountTableRows, "exact-rowcount", false, "actually count table rows as opposed to estimate them (results in more accurate progress estimation)")
 	flag.BoolVar(&migrationContext.ConcurrentCountTableRows, "concurrent-rowcount", true, "(with --exact-rowcount), when true (default): count rows after row-copy begins, concurrently, and adjust row estimate later on; when false: first count rows, then start row copy")
 	flag.BoolVar(&migrationContext.AllowedRunningOnMaster, "allow-on-master", false, "allow this migration to run directly on master. Preferably it would run on a replica")
@@ -180,6 +183,10 @@ func main() {
 		migrationContext.Log.SetLevel(log.ERROR)
 	}
 
+	if err := migrationContext.SetConnectionConfig(*storageEngine); err != nil {
+		migrationContext.Log.Fatale(err)
+	}
+
 	if migrationContext.AlterStatement == "" {
 		log.Fatal("--alter must be provided and statement must not be empty")
 	}
@@ -245,6 +252,9 @@ func main() {
 	if *replicationLagQuery != "" {
 		migrationContext.Log.Warning("--replication-lag-query is deprecated")
 	}
+	if *storageEngine == "rocksdb" {
+		migrationContext.Log.Warning("RocksDB storage engine support is experimental")
+	}
 
 	switch *cutOver {
 	case "atomic", "default", "":

go/logic/applier.go

@@ -134,6 +134,16 @@ func (this *Applier) generateSqlModeQuery() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("sql_mode = %s", sqlModeQuery)
 }
 
+// generateInstantDDLQuery returns the SQL for this ALTER operation
+// with an INSTANT assertion (requires MySQL 8.0+)
+func (this *Applier) generateInstantDDLQuery() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(`ALTER /* gh-ost */ TABLE %s.%s %s, ALGORITHM=INSTANT`,
+		sql.EscapeName(this.migrationContext.DatabaseName),
+		sql.EscapeName(this.migrationContext.OriginalTableName),
+		this.migrationContext.AlterStatementOptions,
+	)
+}
+
 // readTableColumns reads table columns on applier
 func (this *Applier) readTableColumns() (err error) {
 	this.migrationContext.Log.Infof("Examining table structure on applier")
@@ -187,6 +197,27 @@ func (this *Applier) ValidateOrDropExistingTables() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// AttemptInstantDDL attempts to use instant DDL (from MySQL 8.0, and earlier in Aurora and some others).
+// If successful, the operation is only a meta-data change so a lot of time is saved!
+// The risk of attempting to instant DDL when not supported is that a metadata lock may be acquired.
+// This is minor, since gh-ost will eventually require a metadata lock anyway, but at the cut-over stage.
+// Instant operations include:
+// - Adding a column
+// - Dropping a column
+// - Dropping an index
+// - Extending a VARCHAR column
+// - Adding a virtual generated column
+// It is not reliable to parse the `alter` statement to determine if it is instant or not.
+// This is because the table might be in an older row format, or have some other incompatibility
+// that is difficult to identify.
+func (this *Applier) AttemptInstantDDL() error {
+	query := this.generateInstantDDLQuery()
+	this.migrationContext.Log.Infof("INSTANT DDL query is: %s", query)
+	// We don't need a trx, because for instant DDL the SQL mode doesn't matter.
+	_, err := this.db.Exec(query)
+	return err
+}
+
 // CreateGhostTable creates the ghost table on the applier host
 func (this *Applier) CreateGhostTable() error {
 	query := fmt.Sprintf(`create /* gh-ost */ table %s.%s like %s.%s`,

go/logic/applier_test.go

@@ -170,3 +170,16 @@ func TestApplierBuildDMLEventQuery(t *testing.T) {
 		test.S(t).ExpectEquals(res[0].args[3], 42)
 	})
 }
+
+func TestApplierInstantDDL(t *testing.T) {
+	migrationContext := base.NewMigrationContext()
+	migrationContext.DatabaseName = "test"
+	migrationContext.OriginalTableName = "mytable"
+	migrationContext.AlterStatementOptions = "ADD INDEX (foo)"
+	applier := NewApplier(migrationContext)
+
+	t.Run("instantDDLstmt", func(t *testing.T) {
+		stmt := applier.generateInstantDDLQuery()
+		test.S(t).ExpectEquals(stmt, "ALTER /* gh-ost */ TABLE `test`.`mytable` ADD INDEX (foo), ALGORITHM=INSTANT")
+	})
+}

go/logic/migrator.go

@@ -359,6 +359,17 @@ func (this *Migrator) Migrate() (err error) {
 	if err := this.createFlagFiles(); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	// In MySQL 8.0 (and possibly earlier) some DDL statements can be applied instantly.
+	// Attempt to do this if AttemptInstantDDL is set.
+	if this.migrationContext.AttemptInstantDDL {
+		this.migrationContext.Log.Infof("Attempting to execute alter with ALGORITHM=INSTANT")
+		if err := this.applier.AttemptInstantDDL(); err == nil {
+			this.migrationContext.Log.Infof("Success! table %s.%s migrated instantly", sql.EscapeName(this.migrationContext.DatabaseName), sql.EscapeName(this.migrationContext.OriginalTableName))
+			return nil
+		} else {
+			this.migrationContext.Log.Infof("ALGORITHM=INSTANT not supported for this operation, proceeding with original algorithm: %s", err)
+		}
+	}
 
 	initialLag, _ := this.inspector.getReplicationLag()
 	this.migrationContext.Log.Infof("Waiting for ghost table to be migrated. Current lag is %+v", initialLag)
@@ -1031,6 +1042,7 @@ func (this *Migrator) printStatus(rule PrintStatusRule, writers ...io.Writer) {
 	)
 	w := io.MultiWriter(writers...)
 	fmt.Fprintln(w, status)
+	this.migrationContext.Log.Infof(status)
 
 	hooksStatusIntervalSec := this.migrationContext.HooksStatusIntervalSec
 	if hooksStatusIntervalSec > 0 && elapsedSeconds%hooksStatusIntervalSec == 0 {

go/mysql/connection.go

@@ -18,18 +18,18 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	transactionIsolation = "REPEATABLE-READ"
-	TLS_CONFIG_KEY       = "ghost"
+	TLS_CONFIG_KEY = "ghost"
 )
 
 // ConnectionConfig is the minimal configuration required to connect to a MySQL server
 type ConnectionConfig struct {
-	Key        InstanceKey
-	User       string
-	Password   string
-	ImpliedKey *InstanceKey
-	tlsConfig  *tls.Config
-	Timeout    float64
+	Key                  InstanceKey
+	User                 string
+	Password             string
+	ImpliedKey           *InstanceKey
+	tlsConfig            *tls.Config
+	Timeout              float64
+	TransactionIsolation string
 }
 
 func NewConnectionConfig() *ConnectionConfig {
@@ -43,11 +43,12 @@ func NewConnectionConfig() *ConnectionConfig {
 // DuplicateCredentials creates a new connection config with given key and with same credentials as this config
 func (this *ConnectionConfig) DuplicateCredentials(key InstanceKey) *ConnectionConfig {
 	config := &ConnectionConfig{
-		Key:       key,
-		User:      this.User,
-		Password:  this.Password,
-		tlsConfig: this.tlsConfig,
-		Timeout:   this.Timeout,
+		Key:                  key,
+		User:                 this.User,
+		Password:             this.Password,
+		tlsConfig:            this.tlsConfig,
+		Timeout:              this.Timeout,
+		TransactionIsolation: this.TransactionIsolation,
 	}
 	config.ImpliedKey = &config.Key
 	return config
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ func (this *ConnectionConfig) GetDBUri(databaseName string) string {
 		"charset=utf8mb4,utf8,latin1",
 		"interpolateParams=true",
 		fmt.Sprintf("tls=%s", tlsOption),
-		fmt.Sprintf("transaction_isolation=%q", transactionIsolation),
+		fmt.Sprintf("transaction_isolation=%q", this.TransactionIsolation),
 		fmt.Sprintf("timeout=%fs", this.Timeout),
 		fmt.Sprintf("readTimeout=%fs", this.Timeout),
 		fmt.Sprintf("writeTimeout=%fs", this.Timeout),