Bump builder image to 5.10.0

- Upgrades Golang to version 1.21.9

Closes https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/-/issues/8487

Changelog: changed

Author: Ryan Egesdahl

.gitlab-ci.yml

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ variables:
   # To be used for images that exist only on dev.gitlab.org
   DEV_BUILDER_IMAGE_REGISTRY: 'dev.gitlab.org:5005/cookbooks/gitlab-omnibus-builder'
   PUBLIC_BUILDER_IMAGE_REGISTRY: "registry.gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-omnibus-builder"
-  BUILDER_IMAGE_REVISION: "5.9.0"
+  BUILDER_IMAGE_REVISION: "5.10.0"
   # The registry to pull the assets image from
   ASSET_REGISTRY: "${CI_REGISTRY}"
   ASSET_SYNC_EXISTING_REMOTE_FILES: "keep"