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<div class="page">
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<h1>Escher language</h1>
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<h1>Escher programming language</h1>
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<p>Web pages and links form a graph. Data-center computers and cables form a graph.
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Application processes and connections form a graph. Facebook users and
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friendships form a graph. Facebook groups and memberships form a graph.
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Neurons and synapses form a graph. Threads and shared data structures form a graph.
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<h2>Motivation</h2>
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<p>Web pages and links form a graph.
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Data-center computers and cables form a graph.
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Application processes and connections form a graph.
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Facebook users and friendships form a graph.
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Facebook groups and memberships form a graph.
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Neurons and synapses form a graph.
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Threads and shared data structures form a graph.
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Processes and sockets form a graph.
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<p>Not only are all of the above situations visually described by graphs, but also
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their essential behavior (as best as we understand it) is the same in all cases:
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Independent processing units, pairwise-interlinked by sequential channels — both channels
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and processors emerging and disappearing asynchronously.
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They are comprised of independent processing units,
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which are pairwise-interlinked by sequential channels,
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while both channels and processors are emerging and disappearing asynchronously.
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<p>Three decades ago, before the above examples were within practical reach,
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a British gentleman—named <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Hoare">Tony
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Hoare</a>—had noticed that this essential behavior was exhibited by virtually
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all identifiable interacting physical (as well as man-made abstract) entities: People interacting with people,
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people interacting with vending machines, components of vending
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machines interacting with each other, animals interacting with animals,
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cells interacting with cells, proteins interacting with proteins, and so on.
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a British gentleman — named <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Hoare">Tony
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Hoare</a> — had noticed that this essential behavior was exhibited by virtually
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all identifiable interacting physical (as well as man-made abstract) entities:
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People interacting with people,
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people interacting with vending machines,
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components of vending machines interacting with each other,
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animals interacting with animals,
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cells interacting with cells,
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proteins interacting with proteins,
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and so on.
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<p>He called this high-level behavioral model of the world (or discernible subsystems thereof)
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communicating_sequential_processes">Communicating Sequential Processes</a>.
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Hoare's model is nothing more and nothing less than a minimal abstraction of how
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we see and understand (and subsequently will to control) the world from an
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observeri.e. third personpoint of view.
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we see and understand (and subsequently will to control) the world
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from an observeri.e. third personpoint of view.
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<p>I prefer to call such systems <em>circuits</em> both for brevity and for the fact that
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<p>I prefer to call such systems <em>circuits</em>, both for brevity and for the fact that
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electrical circuits were probably the first man-made manifestation of communicating sequential
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processes that was rich, flexible and not present in untouched nature.
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<p>Today's connected Internet services and devices are no different than electrical components on
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a circuit: They are independent processing units communicating via sequential streams of
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data, as opposed to sequential streams of changes in electrical voltage. The difference
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between circuits analog and digital is entirely linguistic: It is the difference between a
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between analog and digital circuits is entirely linguistic: It is the difference between a
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floating-point number (the voltage) and a data structure (a digital message).
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<p>If it is indeed the case that most things that we program or that we program about
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are circuits at the end of the day, then it is only appropriate to complement Hoare's
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model of everything with an appropriate programming language. This is the goal of Escher.
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model of everything with an appropriate programming language.
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This is the goal of Escher.
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<h2>Sources</h2>
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