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docs: add sample for Spring Data JDBC with GoogleSQL (#2027)
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‎.github/workflows/spring-data-jdbc-sample.yaml‎

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with:
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distribution: temurin
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java-version: 17
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- name: Run tests
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- name: Run tests on GoogleSQL
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run: mvn test
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working-directory: samples/spring-data-jdbc
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working-directory: samples/spring-data-jdbc/googlesql
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- name: Run tests on PostgreSQL
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run: mvn test
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working-directory: samples/spring-data-jdbc/postgresql

‎samples/spring-data-jdbc/README.md‎

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# Spring Data JDBC Sample Application with Cloud Spanner PostgreSQL
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# Spring Data JDBC
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This sample application shows how to develop portable applications using Spring Data JDBC in
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combination with Cloud Spanner PostgreSQL. This application can be configured to run on either a
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[Cloud Spanner PostgreSQL](https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/postgresql-interface) database or
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an open-source PostgreSQL database. The only change that is needed to switch between the two is
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changing the active Spring profile that is used by the application.
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The application uses the Cloud Spanner JDBC driver to connect to Cloud Spanner PostgreSQL, and it
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uses the PostgreSQL JDBC driver to connect to open-source PostgreSQL. Spring Data JDBC works with
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both drivers and offers a single consistent API to the application developer, regardless of the
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actual database or JDBC driver being used.
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This sample shows:
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1. How to use Spring Data JDBC with Cloud Spanner PostgreSQL.
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2. How to develop a portable application that runs on both Google Cloud Spanner PostgreSQL and
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open-source PostgreSQL with the same code base.
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3. How to use bit-reversed sequences to automatically generate primary key values for entities.
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__NOTE__: This application does __not require PGAdapter__. Instead, it connects to Cloud Spanner
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PostgreSQL using the Cloud Spanner JDBC driver.
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## Cloud Spanner PostgreSQL
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Cloud Spanner PostgreSQL provides language support by expressing Spanner database functionality
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through a subset of open-source PostgreSQL language constructs, with extensions added to support
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Spanner functionality like interleaved tables and hinting.
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The PostgreSQL interface makes the capabilities of Spanner —__fully managed, unlimited scale, strong
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consistency, high performance, and up to 99.999% global availability__— accessible using the
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PostgreSQL dialect. Unlike other services that manage actual PostgreSQL database instances, Spanner
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uses PostgreSQL-compatible syntax to expose its existing scale-out capabilities. This provides
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familiarity for developers and portability for applications, but not 100% PostgreSQL compatibility.
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The SQL syntax that Spanner supports is semantically equivalent PostgreSQL, meaning schemas
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and queries written against the PostgreSQL interface can be easily ported to another PostgreSQL
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environment.
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This sample showcases this portability with an application that works on both Cloud Spanner PostgreSQL
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and open-source PostgreSQL with the same code base.
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## Spring Data JDBC
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This directory contains two sample applications for using Spring Data JDBC
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with the Spanner JDBC driver.
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[Spring Data JDBC](https://spring.io/projects/spring-data-jdbc) is part of the larger Spring Data
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family. It makes it easy to implement JDBC based repositories. This module deals with enhanced
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support for JDBC based data access layers.
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family. It makes it easy to implement JDBC based repositories.
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This module deals with enhanced support for JDBC based data access layers.
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Spring Data JDBC aims at being conceptually easy. In order to achieve this it does NOT offer caching,
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lazy loading, write behind or many other features of JPA. This makes Spring Data JDBC a simple,
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limited, opinionated ORM.
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## Sample Application
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This sample shows how to create a portable application using Spring Data JDBC and the Cloud Spanner
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PostgreSQL dialect. The application works on both Cloud Spanner PostgreSQL and open-source
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PostgreSQL. You can switch between the two by changing the active Spring profile:
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* Profile `cs` runs the application on Cloud Spanner PostgreSQL.
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* Profile `pg` runs the application on open-source PostgreSQL.
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The default profile is `cs`. You can change the default profile by modifying the
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[application.properties](src/main/resources/application.properties) file.
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### Running the Application
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1. Choose the database system that you want to use by choosing a profile. The default profile is
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`cs`, which runs the application on Cloud Spanner PostgreSQL. Modify the default profile in the
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[application.properties](src/main/resources/application.properties) file.
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2. Modify either [application-cs.properties](src/main/resources/application-cs.properties) or
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[application-pg.properties](src/main/resources/application-pg.properties) to point to an existing
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database. If you use Cloud Spanner, the database that the configuration file references must be a
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database that uses the PostgreSQL dialect.
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3. Run the application with `mvn spring-boot:run`.
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### Main Application Components
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The main application components are:
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* [DatabaseSeeder.java](src/main/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/sample/DatabaseSeeder.java): This
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class is responsible for creating the database schema and inserting some initial test data. The
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schema is created from the [create_schema.sql](src/main/resources/create_schema.sql) file. The
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`DatabaseSeeder` class loads this file into memory and executes it on the active database using
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standard JDBC APIs. The class also removes Cloud Spanner-specific extensions to the PostgreSQL
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dialect when the application runs on open-source PostgreSQL.
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* [JdbcConfiguration.java](src/main/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/sample/JdbcConfiguration.java):
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Spring Data JDBC by default detects the database dialect based on the JDBC driver that is used.
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This class overrides this default and instructs Spring Data JDBC to also use the PostgreSQL
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dialect for Cloud Spanner PostgreSQL.
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* [AbstractEntity.java](src/main/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/sample/entities/AbstractEntity.java):
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This is the shared base class for all entities in this sample application. It defines a number of
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standard attributes, such as the identifier (primary key). The primary key is automatically
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generated using a (bit-reversed) sequence. [Bit-reversed sequential values](https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/schema-design#bit_reverse_primary_key)
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are considered a good choice for primary keys on Cloud Spanner.
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* [Application.java](src/main/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/sample/Application.java): The starter
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class of the application. It contains a command-line runner that executes a selection of queries
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and updates on the database.
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- [GoogleSQL](googlesql): This sample uses the Spanner GoogleSQL dialect.
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- [PostgreSQL](postgresql): This sample uses the Spanner PostgreSQL dialect and the Spanner JDBC
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driver. It does not use PGAdapter. The sample application can also be configured to run on open
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source PostgreSQL, and shows how a portable application be developed using this setup.

‎samples/spring-data-jdbc/googlesql/README.md‎

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# Spring Data JDBC Sample Application with Spanner GoogleSQL
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This sample application shows how to use Spring Data JDBC with Spanner GoogleSQL.
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This sample shows:
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1. How to use Spring Data JDBC with Spanner GoogleSQL.
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2. How to use bit-reversed identity columns to automatically generate primary key values for entities.
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3. How to set the transaction isolation level that is used by the Spanner JDBC driver.
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## Spring Data JDBC
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[Spring Data JDBC](https://spring.io/projects/spring-data-jdbc) is part of the larger Spring Data
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family. It makes it easy to implement JDBC based repositories. This module deals with enhanced
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support for JDBC based data access layers.
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Spring Data JDBC aims at being conceptually easy. In order to achieve this it does NOT offer caching,
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lazy loading, write behind or many other features of JPA. This makes Spring Data JDBC a simple,
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limited, opinionated ORM.
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### Running the Application
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The application by default runs on the Spanner Emulator.
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1. Modify the [application.properties](src/main/resources/application.properties) to point to an existing
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database. The database must use the GoogleSQL dialect.
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2. Run the application with `mvn spring-boot:run`.
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### Main Application Components
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The main application components are:
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* [DatabaseSeeder.java](src/main/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/sample/DatabaseSeeder.java): This
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class is responsible for creating the database schema and inserting some initial test data. The
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schema is created from the [create_schema.sql](src/main/resources/create_schema.sql) file. The
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`DatabaseSeeder` class loads this file into memory and executes it on the active database using
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standard JDBC APIs.
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* [SpannerDialectProvider](src/main/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/sample/SpannerDialectProvider.java):
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Spring Data JDBC by default detects the database dialect based on the JDBC driver that is used.
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Spanner GoogleSQL is not automatically recognized by Spring Data, so we add a dialect provider
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for Spanner.
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* [SpannerDialect](src/main/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/sample/SpannerDialect.java):
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Spring Data JDBC requires a dialect for the database, so it knows which features are supported,
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and how to build clauses like `LIMIT` and `FOR UPDATE`. This class provides this information. It
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is based on the built-in `AnsiDialect` in Spring Data JDBC.
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* [JdbcConfiguration.java](src/main/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/sample/JdbcConfiguration.java):
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This configuration file serves two purposes:
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1. Make sure `OpenTelemetry` is initialized before any data sources.
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2. Add a converter for `LocalDate` properties. Spring Data JDBC by default map these to `TIMESTAMP`
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columns, but a better fit in Spanner is `DATE`.
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* [AbstractEntity.java](src/main/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/sample/entities/AbstractEntity.java):
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This is the shared base class for all entities in this sample application. It defines a number of
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standard attributes, such as the identifier (primary key). The primary key is automatically
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generated using a (bit-reversed) sequence. [Bit-reversed sequential values](https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/schema-design#bit_reverse_primary_key)
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are considered a good choice for primary keys on Cloud Spanner.
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* [Application.java](src/main/java/com/google/cloud/spanner/sample/Application.java): The starter
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class of the application. It contains a command-line runner that executes a selection of queries
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and updates on the database.

‎samples/spring-data-jdbc/googlesql/pom.xml‎

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
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xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
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xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
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<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
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<groupId>org.example</groupId>
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<artifactId>cloud-spanner-spring-data-jdbc-googlesql-example</artifactId>
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<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
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<description>
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Sample application showing how to use Spring Data JDBC with Cloud Spanner GoogleSQL.
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</description>
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<properties>
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<java.version>17</java.version>
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<maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
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<maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
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<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
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</properties>
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<dependencyManagement>
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<dependencies>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-data-bom</artifactId>
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<version>2024.1.5</version>
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<scope>import</scope>
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<type>pom</type>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
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<artifactId>google-cloud-spanner-bom</artifactId>
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<version>6.91.1</version>
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<scope>import</scope>
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<type>pom</type>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
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<artifactId>libraries-bom</artifactId>
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<version>26.59.0</version>
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<scope>import</scope>
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<type>pom</type>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>io.opentelemetry</groupId>
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<artifactId>opentelemetry-bom</artifactId>
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<version>1.49.0</version>
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<type>pom</type>
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<scope>import</scope>
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</dependency>
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</dependencies>
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</dependencyManagement>
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<dependencies>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc</artifactId>
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<version>3.4.5</version>
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</dependency>
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<!-- Add the Spanner JDBC driver. -->
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<dependency>
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<groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
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<artifactId>google-cloud-spanner-jdbc</artifactId>
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<exclusions>
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<exclusion>
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<groupId>com.google.api.grpc</groupId>
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<artifactId>proto-google-cloud-spanner-executor-v1</artifactId>
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</exclusion>
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</exclusions>
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</dependency>
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<!-- Add OpenTelemetry for tracing and metrics. -->
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<dependency>
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<groupId>io.opentelemetry</groupId>
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<artifactId>opentelemetry-sdk</artifactId>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>com.google.cloud.opentelemetry</groupId>
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<artifactId>exporter-trace</artifactId>
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<version>0.34.0</version>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>com.google.cloud.opentelemetry</groupId>
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<artifactId>exporter-metrics</artifactId>
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<version>0.34.0</version>
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</dependency>
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<!-- Add testcontainers for running the Spanner emulator -->
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.testcontainers</groupId>
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<artifactId>testcontainers</artifactId>
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<version>1.21.0</version>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>com.google.collections</groupId>
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<artifactId>google-collections</artifactId>
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<version>1.0</version>
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</dependency>
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<!-- Test dependencies -->
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<dependency>
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<groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
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<artifactId>google-cloud-spanner</artifactId>
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<type>test-jar</type>
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<scope>test</scope>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>com.google.api</groupId>
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<artifactId>gax-grpc</artifactId>
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<classifier>testlib</classifier>
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<scope>test</scope>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>junit</groupId>
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<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
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<version>4.13.2</version>
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</dependency>
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</dependencies>
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<build>
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<plugins>
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<plugin>
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<groupId>com.spotify.fmt</groupId>
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<artifactId>fmt-maven-plugin</artifactId>
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<version>2.25</version>
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<executions>
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<execution>
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<goals>
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<goal>format</goal>
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</goals>
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</execution>
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</executions>
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</plugin>
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</plugins>
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</build>
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</project>

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