Add buffer commentary

Author: Steven Scott

doc.go

@@ -151,6 +151,53 @@
 // checking. The application is responsible for checking the Origin header
 // before calling the Upgrade function.
 //
+// Buffers
+//
+// Connections buffer network input and output to reduce the number
+// of system calls when reading or writing messages.
+//
+// Write buffers are also used for constructing WebSocket frames. See RFC 6455,
+// Section 5 for a discussion of message framing. A WebSocket frame header is
+// written to the network each time a write buffer is flushed to the network.
+// Decreasing the size of the write buffer can increase the amount of framing
+// overhead on the connection.
+//
+// The buffer sizes in bytes are specified by the ReadBufferSize and
+// WriteBufferSize fields in the Dialer and Upgrader. The Dialer uses a default
+// size of 4096 when a buffer size field is set to zero. The Upgrader reuses
+// buffers created by the HTTP server when a buffer size field is set to zero.
+// The HTTP server buffers have a size of 4096 at the time of this writing.
+//
+// The buffer sizes do not limit the size of a message that can be read or
+// written by a connection.
+//
+// Buffers are held for the lifetime of the connection by default. If the
+// Dialer or Upgrader WriteBufferPool field is set, then a connection holds the
+// write buffer only when writing a message.
+//
+// Applications should tune the buffer sizes to balance memory use and
+// performance. Increasing the buffer size uses more memory, but can reduce the
+// number of system calls to read or write the network. In the case of writing,
+// increasing the buffer size can reduce the number of frame headers written to
+// the network.
+//
+// Some guidelines for setting buffer parameters are:
+//
+// Limit the buffer sizes to the maximum expected message size. Buffers larger
+// than the largest message do not provide any benefit.
+//
+// Depending on the distribution of message sizes, setting the buffer size to
+// to a value less than the maximum expected message size can greatly reduce
+// memory use with a small impact on performance. Here's an example: If 99% of
+// the messages are smaller than 256 bytes and the maximum message size is 512
+// bytes, then a buffer size of 256 bytes will result in 1.01 more system calls
+// than a buffer size of 512 bytes. The memory savings is 50%.
+//
+// A write buffer pool is useful when the application has a modest number
+// writes over a large number of connections. when buffers are pooled, a larger
+// buffer size has a reduced impact on total memory use and has the benefit of
+// reducing system calls and frame overhead.
+//
 // Compression EXPERIMENTAL
 //
 // Per message compression extensions (RFC 7692) are experimentally supported