diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 9de913e..239b0a3 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 # Extra Java Module Info Gradle Plugin - Changelog
 
+## Version 1.10.1
+* [Fix] [#164](https://github.com/gradlex-org/extra-java-module-info/pull/164) - fix: 'preserveExisting' does not duplicate 'provides' entries
+
 ## Version 1.10
 * [New] [#160](https://github.com/gradlex-org/extra-java-module-info/pull/160) - Add 'preserveExisting' option to patch real modules
 * [New] [#140](https://github.com/gradlex-org/extra-java-module-info/pull/140) - Add 'removePackage' option to deal with duplicated packages
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/gradlex/javamodule/moduleinfo/ExtraJavaModuleInfoTransform.java b/src/main/java/org/gradlex/javamodule/moduleinfo/ExtraJavaModuleInfoTransform.java
index b1437ec..eed486a 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/gradlex/javamodule/moduleinfo/ExtraJavaModuleInfoTransform.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/gradlex/javamodule/moduleinfo/ExtraJavaModuleInfoTransform.java
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ public ModuleVisitor visitModule(String name, int access, String version) {
                     return new ModuleVisitor(Opcodes.ASM9, moduleVisitor) {
                         @Override
                         public void visitEnd() {
-                            addModuleInfoEntires(moduleInfo, providers, autoExportedPackages, this);
+                            addModuleInfoEntires(moduleInfo, Collections.emptyMap(), autoExportedPackages, this);
                             super.visitEnd();
                         }
                     };
diff --git a/src/test/groovy/org/gradlex/javamodule/moduleinfo/test/RealModuleJarPatchingFunctionalTest.groovy b/src/test/groovy/org/gradlex/javamodule/moduleinfo/test/RealModuleJarPatchingFunctionalTest.groovy
index 387faca..b12d606 100644
--- a/src/test/groovy/org/gradlex/javamodule/moduleinfo/test/RealModuleJarPatchingFunctionalTest.groovy
+++ b/src/test/groovy/org/gradlex/javamodule/moduleinfo/test/RealModuleJarPatchingFunctionalTest.groovy
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package org.gradlex.javamodule.moduleinfo.test
 
 import org.gradlex.javamodule.moduleinfo.test.fixture.GradleBuild
-import spock.lang.IgnoreIf
 import spock.lang.Specification
 
 class RealModuleJarPatchingFunctionalTest extends Specification {
@@ -200,57 +199,4 @@ class RealModuleJarPatchingFunctionalTest extends Specification {
         out.output.contains("Patching of real modules must be explicitly enabled with 'patchRealModule()' and can only be done with 'module()'")
     }
 
-    @IgnoreIf({ GradleBuild.gradleVersionUnderTest?.matches("[67]\\..*") }) // requires Gradle to support Java 17
-    def "a real module cannot be extended"() {
-        given:
-        buildFile << ''' 
-            tasks.withType<JavaCompile>().configureEach {
-                options.compilerArgs.add("-Xlint:all")
-                options.compilerArgs.add("-Werror")
-            }
-            dependencies {
-                implementation("org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-api:2.24.3")
-                
-                // required because not declared in LOG4J metadata
-                compileOnly("com.google.errorprone:error_prone_annotations:2.36.0")
-                compileOnly("com.github.spotbugs:spotbugs-annotations:4.9.0")
-                compileOnly("biz.aQute.bnd:biz.aQute.bnd.annotation:7.1.0")
-                compileOnly("org.osgi:osgi.annotation:8.1.0") // this includes 'org.osgi.annotation.bundle' 
-            }
-            extraJavaModuleInfo {
-                failOnMissingModuleInfo.set(false) // transitive dependencies of annotation libs
-
-                module("org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-api", "org.apache.logging.log4j") {
-                    preserveExisting()
-                    requiresStatic("com.google.errorprone.annotations")
-                    requiresStatic("com.github.spotbugs.annotations")
-                    requiresStatic("biz.aQute.bnd.annotation")
-                    requiresStatic("org.osgi.annotation")
-                }
-                module("biz.aQute.bnd:biz.aQute.bnd.annotation", "biz.aQute.bnd.annotation") {
-                    requiresStatic("org.osgi.annotation")
-                    exportAllPackages()
-                }
-                module("org.osgi:osgi.annotation", "org.osgi.annotation") 
-            }            
-        '''
-        file("src/main/java/module-info.java") << """
-            module org.example {
-                requires org.apache.logging.log4j;
-            }
-        """
-        file("src/main/java/org/example/Main.java") << """
-            package org.example;
-            public class Main {
-                org.apache.logging.log4j.message.ParameterizedMessage m; // needs errorprone
-                org.apache.logging.log4j.status.StatusData d; // needs spotbugs
-                org.apache.logging.log4j.util.SystemPropertiesPropertySource s; // needs aQute.bnd
-                org.apache.logging.log4j.util.Activator a; // needs osgi
-            }
-        """
-
-        expect:
-        build()
-    }
-
 }
diff --git a/src/test/groovy/org/gradlex/javamodule/moduleinfo/test/RealModuleJarPreservePatchingFunctionalTest.groovy b/src/test/groovy/org/gradlex/javamodule/moduleinfo/test/RealModuleJarPreservePatchingFunctionalTest.groovy
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed055f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/groovy/org/gradlex/javamodule/moduleinfo/test/RealModuleJarPreservePatchingFunctionalTest.groovy
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package org.gradlex.javamodule.moduleinfo.test
+
+import org.gradlex.javamodule.moduleinfo.test.fixture.GradleBuild
+import spock.lang.IgnoreIf
+import spock.lang.Specification
+
+class RealModuleJarPreservePatchingFunctionalTest extends Specification {
+
+    @Delegate
+    GradleBuild build = new GradleBuild()
+
+    def setup() {
+        settingsFile << 'rootProject.name = "test-project"'
+        buildFile << '''
+            plugins {
+                id("application")
+                id("org.gradlex.extra-java-module-info")
+            }
+            application {
+                mainModule.set("org.example")
+                mainClass.set("org.example.Main")
+            }
+        '''
+    }
+
+    @IgnoreIf({ GradleBuild.gradleVersionUnderTest?.matches("[67]\\..*") }) // requires Gradle to support Java 17
+    def "a real module cannot be extended via preserveExisting"() {
+        given:
+        buildFile << ''' 
+            tasks.withType<JavaCompile>().configureEach {
+                options.compilerArgs.add("-Xlint:all")
+                options.compilerArgs.add("-Werror")
+            }
+            dependencies {
+                implementation("org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-api:2.24.3")
+                
+                // required because not declared in LOG4J metadata
+                compileOnly("com.google.errorprone:error_prone_annotations:2.36.0")
+                compileOnly("com.github.spotbugs:spotbugs-annotations:4.9.0")
+                compileOnly("biz.aQute.bnd:biz.aQute.bnd.annotation:7.1.0")
+                compileOnly("org.osgi:osgi.annotation:8.1.0") // this includes 'org.osgi.annotation.bundle' 
+            }
+            extraJavaModuleInfo {
+                failOnMissingModuleInfo.set(false) // transitive dependencies of annotation libs
+
+                module("org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-api", "org.apache.logging.log4j") {
+                    preserveExisting()
+                    requiresStatic("com.google.errorprone.annotations")
+                    requiresStatic("com.github.spotbugs.annotations")
+                    requiresStatic("biz.aQute.bnd.annotation")
+                    requiresStatic("org.osgi.annotation")
+                }
+                module("biz.aQute.bnd:biz.aQute.bnd.annotation", "biz.aQute.bnd.annotation") {
+                    requiresStatic("org.osgi.annotation")
+                    exportAllPackages()
+                }
+                module("org.osgi:osgi.annotation", "org.osgi.annotation") 
+            }            
+        '''
+        file("src/main/java/module-info.java") << """
+            module org.example {
+                requires org.apache.logging.log4j;
+            }
+        """
+        file("src/main/java/org/example/Main.java") << """
+            package org.example;
+            public class Main {
+                org.apache.logging.log4j.message.ParameterizedMessage m; // needs errorprone
+                org.apache.logging.log4j.status.StatusData d; // needs spotbugs
+                org.apache.logging.log4j.util.SystemPropertiesPropertySource s; // needs aQute.bnd
+                org.apache.logging.log4j.util.Activator a; // needs osgi
+                
+                public static void main(String[] args) {}
+            }
+        """
+
+        expect:
+        run()
+    }
+
+}