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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: website/pages/en/resources/glossary.mdx
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-**Indexer's Self-Stake**: The amount of GRT that Indexers stake to participate in the decentralized network. The minimum is 100,000 GRT, and there is no upper limit.
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-**Delegation Capacity**: The maximum amount of GRT an Indexer can accept from Delegators. Indexers can only accept up to 16x their Indexer Self-Stake. Additional delegation results in diluted rewards. For example, if an Indexer has a Self-Stake of 1m GRT, their delegation capacity is 16m. Indexers can increase their Delegation Capacity by increasing their Indexer's Self-Stake.
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-**Upgrade Indexer**: An Indexer designed to act as a fallback for subgraph queries not serviced by other Indexers on the network. The upgrade Indexer is not competitive with other Indexers.
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-**Delegator**: Network participants who own GRT and delegate their GRT to Indexers. This allows Indexers to increase their stake in subgraphs on the network. In return, Delegators receive a portion of the Indexing Rewards that Indexers receive for processing subgraphs.
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title: Delegating
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---
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# Delegating GRT on The Graph Network
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Delegators are network participants who delegate (i.e., "stake") GRT to one or more Indexers.
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Delegators play a crucial role on The Graph Network by delegating GRT to Indexers. This process supports network security and functionality without requiring Delegators to run a Graph Node.
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- They help secure the network without running a Graph Node themselves.
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## Benefits of Delegating
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- They earn a portion of an Indexer's query fees and rewards by delegating to them.
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- Strengthen the network’s security and scalability by supporting Indexers.
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- Earn a portion of rewards generated by the Indexers.
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## How does this work?
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## How Does Delegation Work?
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The number of queries an Indexer can process depends on their own stake, **the delegated stake**, and the price the Indexer charges for each query. Therefore, the more stake allocated to an Indexer, the more potential queries an Indexer can process.
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An Indexer's ability to process queries and earn rewards depends on three key factors:
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1. The Indexer's Self-Stake (GRT staked by the Indexer).
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2. The total GRT delegated to them by Delegators.
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3. The price the Indexer sets for queries.
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The more GRT staked and delegated to an Indexer, the more queries they can serve, leading to higher potential rewards.
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### What is Delegation Capacity?
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Delegation Capacity refers to the maximum amount of GRT an Indexer can accept from Delegators, based on the Indexer's Self-Stake.
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The Graph Network includes a delegation ratio of 16, meaning an Indexer can accept up to 16 times their Self-Stake in delegated tokens.
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For example, if an Indexer has a Self-Stake of 1m GRT, their delegation capacity is 16m.
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### Why Does Delegation Capacity Matter?
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If an Indexer exceeds their Delegation Capacity, rewards for all Delegators become diluted because the excess delegated GRT cannot be used effectively within the protocol.
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This makes it crucial for Delegators to evaluate an Indexer's current Delegation Capacity before selecting an Indexer.
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Indexers can increase their Delegation Capacity by their Self-Stake, thereby raising the limit for delegated tokens.
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## What Delegators Need to Know
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<VideoEmbedyoutube="xcegvXxgR4Y" />
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## Delegator Guide
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Learn how to be an effective Delegator in The Graph Network.
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- The risks of delegating tokens in The Graph Network
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- How to calculate expected returns as a Delegator
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- A video guide explaining
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- A video guide showing the steps to delegate in the Graph Network UI
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## Delegation Risks
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Listed below are the main risks of being a Delegator in the protocol.
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### The Delegation Tax
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### The delegation tax
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Delegators cannot be slashed for bad behavior, but there is a tax on Delegators to disincentivize poor decision-making that could harm the integrity of the network.
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- In order to be safe, you should calculate your potential return when delegating to an Indexer. For example, you might calculate how many days it will take before you have earned back the 0.5% tax on your delegation.
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### The Delegation Unbonding Period
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Whene a Delegator chooses to undelegate, their tokens are subject to a 28-day unbonding period.
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### The delegation unbonding period
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This means they cannot transfer their tokens or earn any rewards for 28 days.
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After the unbonding period, GRT will return to your crypto wallet.
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Whenever a Delegator wants to undelegate, their tokens are subject to a 28-day unbonding period. This means they cannot transfer their tokens or earn any rewards for 28 days.
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### Why is this important?
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At times, attempts to delegate to Indexers via MetaMask can fail and result in prolonged periods of "Pending" or "Queued" transaction attempts.
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#### Example
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Let's say you attempt to delegate with an insufficient gas fee relative to the current prices.
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- This action can cause the transaction attempt to display as "Pending" in your MetaMask wallet for 15+ minutes. When this happens, you can attempt subsequent transactions, but these will only be processed until the initial transaction is mined because transactions for an address must be processed in order.
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- In such cases, these transactions can be cancelled in MetaMask, but the transactions attempts will accrue gas fees without any guarantee that subsequent attempts will be successful.
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A simple resolution to this bug is to restart the browser (e.g., using "abort:restart" in the address bar), which will cancel all previous attempts without gas being subtracted from the wallet. Several users who have encountered this issue have reported successful transactions after restarting their browser and attempting to delegate.
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