test(python): add examples and tests for Python bindings

Author: hakula139

README.md

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ This project serves as both a learning resource and a reference implementation f
     - [Build the project](#build-the-project)
     - [Run individual examples](#run-individual-examples)
     - [Run tests](#run-tests)
+    - [Build Python bindings (optional)](#build-python-bindings-optional)
   - [CMake Presets](#cmake-presets)
     - [Configure Presets](#configure-presets)
     - [Build \& Test Presets](#build--test-presets)
@@ -66,11 +67,16 @@ This project serves as both a learning resource and a reference implementation f
     - [Run on all files (optional)](#run-on-all-files-optional)
     - [What the hooks do](#what-the-hooks-do)
 - [🎯 Usage](#-usage)
+  - [Python Usage](#python-usage)
 - [📁 Project Structure](#-project-structure)
 - [🔧 Components Overview](#-components-overview)
 - [💻 Development Notes](#-development-notes)
   - [Code Style](#code-style)
   - [Pre-commit Configuration](#pre-commit-configuration)
+  - [Python Development](#python-development)
+    - [Testing](#testing)
+    - [Examples and Documentation](#examples-and-documentation)
+    - [Code Quality](#code-quality)
 - [📄 License](#-license)
 
 ## 🎓 What You'll Learn
@@ -141,6 +147,14 @@ ctest --preset release
 ```bash
 cmake --preset release -DBUILD_PYTHON_BINDINGS=ON
 cmake --build --preset release
+
+# Test Python bindings (optional)
+cd python_tests
+python -m pytest --verbose
+
+# Run Python examples (optional)
+python python_examples/basic_usage.py
+python python_examples/advanced_usage.py
 ```
 
 ### CMake Presets
@@ -351,8 +365,29 @@ cpp-demo-project/
 ├── src/                        # Source implementation files
 │   ├── CMakeLists.txt          # Components configuration
 │   └── [mirrors include structure]
-├── examples/                   # Usage examples and demonstrations
-├── tests/                      # Test suite using Catch2 v3
+├── binding/                    # pybind11 C++ binding files
+│   ├── CMakeLists.txt          # Python bindings configuration
+│   ├── cpp_features.cpp        # Main pybind11 module
+│   └── [module]_binding.cpp    # Individual module bindings
+├── python/                     # Python wrapper modules
+│   ├── __init__.py             # Package initialization
+│   ├── shapes.py               # Enhanced shape functionality
+│   ├── containers.py           # Pythonic container wrappers
+│   ├── algorithms.py           # Functional programming utilities
+│   ├── exceptions.py           # Result types and error handling
+│   ├── memory.py               # RAII and resource management
+│   ├── timing.py               # High-resolution timing utilities
+│   └── random.py               # Enhanced random number generation
+├── python_tests/               # Python test suite using pytest
+│   ├── __init__.py             # Test package initialization
+│   ├── conftest.py             # pytest configuration and fixtures
+│   └── test_[module].py        # Comprehensive module tests
+├── python_examples/            # Python usage examples
+│   ├── README.md               # Examples documentation
+│   ├── basic_usage.py          # Fundamental usage patterns
+│   └── advanced_usage.py       # Advanced and real-world examples
+├── examples/                   # C++ usage examples and demonstrations
+├── tests/                      # C++ test suite using Catch2 v3
 ├── .clang-format               # clang-format configuration (for C++ code formatting)
 ├── .clang-tidy                 # clang-tidy configuration (for static analysis)
 ├── .clangd                     # clangd configuration (for code completion)
@@ -433,6 +468,31 @@ repos:
 - Enforced coding standards for all contributors
 - Integration with modern formatting tools
 
+### Python Development
+
+The project includes comprehensive Python bindings and tooling:
+
+#### Testing
+
+- **pytest-based test suite**: Located in `python_tests/` with comprehensive coverage
+- **C++ test pattern adoption**: Python tests mirror C++ test structure and patterns
+- **Fixtures and configuration**: Shared test utilities in `conftest.py`
+- **Type safety testing**: Verifies type annotations and generic behavior
+
+#### Examples and Documentation
+
+- **Basic examples**: `python_examples/basic_usage.py` demonstrates fundamental usage
+- **Advanced examples**: `python_examples/advanced_usage.py` shows real-world patterns
+- **Comprehensive documentation**: Numpy-style docstrings throughout
+- **Modern Python features**: Extensive use of Python 3.13 features like pattern matching
+
+#### Code Quality
+
+- **Black formatting**: Consistent Python code style
+- **Type annotations**: Full type hint coverage with modern typing
+- **Error handling**: Result types for functional error management
+- **Performance integration**: Built-in timing and benchmarking utilities
+
 ## 📄 License
 
 This project is licensed under the **MIT License** - see the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file for details.

python_examples/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+# Python Examples
+
+This directory contains comprehensive examples demonstrating the Python bindings for the C++ features library.
+
+## Examples Overview
+
+### `basic_usage.py`
+
+Demonstrates fundamental usage of each module:
+
+- **Shapes**: Creating circles, rectangles, and squares with analysis
+- **Containers**: Type-safe containers with filtering and transformation
+- **Algorithms**: Sorting, counting, transforming, and functional chains
+- **Memory**: RAII-style resource management with context managers
+- **Exceptions**: Result types for safe error handling
+- **Timing**: High-resolution timing and benchmarking
+- **Random**: Type-safe random number generation with distributions
+- **Integration**: Cross-module usage patterns
+
+### `advanced_usage.py`
+
+Shows advanced patterns and real-world use cases:
+
+- **ShapeAnalyzer**: Performance-monitored shape collection analysis
+- **DataProcessor**: Complex data processing pipelines with error handling
+- **PerformanceBenchmarkSuite**: Comprehensive performance testing
+- **Monte Carlo π Estimation**: Statistical computation example
+- **Functional Programming**: Advanced chain operations and pipelines
+- **Real-World Simulation**: Virtual environment analysis
+
+## Running the Examples
+
+### Prerequisites
+
+1. Build the C++ library with Python bindings enabled:
+
+   ```bash
+   cmake -DBUILD_PYTHON_BINDINGS=ON -B build
+   cmake --build build
+   ```
+
+2. Ensure the built Python extension is available (typically in `build/binding/`)
+
+3. Install pytest for running tests:
+
+   ```bash
+   pip install pytest
+   ```
+
+### Running Examples
+
+```bash
+# Run basic usage examples
+python python_examples/basic_usage.py
+
+# Run advanced usage examples
+python python_examples/advanced_usage.py
+```
+
+## Key Features Demonstrated
+
+### Python 3.13 Features
+
+- **Pattern Matching**: Used in factory functions and type dispatch
+- **Enhanced Type Hints**: Modern typing with generics and unions
+- **Dataclasses**: Immutable data structures for metrics
+- **Context Managers**: RAII-like resource management
+- **Enum Classes**: Type-safe enumerations
+
+### Modern Python Patterns
+
+- **Functional Programming**: Method chaining and pipeline composition
+- **Error Handling**: Result types instead of exceptions
+- **Performance Monitoring**: Integrated timing and benchmarking
+- **Type Safety**: Generic containers and proper type annotations
+- **Resource Management**: Automatic cleanup with context managers
+
+### C++ Integration
+
+- **Zero-Copy Operations**: Direct C++ container access where possible
+- **Exception Translation**: C++ exceptions to Python Result types
+- **Memory Safety**: RAII patterns adapted to Python
+- **Performance**: Leveraging C++ performance for computationally intensive operations
+
+## Code Style
+
+The examples follow modern Python conventions:
+
+- **Black formatting**: Consistent code style
+- **Single quotes**: For string literals
+- **Numpy-style docstrings**: Comprehensive documentation
+- **Type hints**: Full type annotation coverage
+- **Error handling**: Graceful error management with Result types
+
+## Example Output
+
+When run successfully, the examples demonstrate:
+
+- Shape creation and analysis with geometric calculations
+- Container operations with filtering and transformation
+- Algorithm performance on different data sets
+- Memory management with automatic cleanup
+- Error handling with safe operations
+- High-resolution timing measurements
+- Random number generation with statistical properties
+- Cross-module integration patterns
+
+The advanced examples additionally show:
+
+- Performance benchmarking across different scenarios
+- Real-world simulation with complex data processing
+- Statistical computation (Monte Carlo methods)
+- Advanced functional programming patterns
+- Comprehensive error handling strategies