AVL Tree

class Node {
    int key, height;
    Node left, right;

    Node(int d) {
        key = d;
        height = 1;
    }
}

class AVLTree {

    Node root;

    // A utility function to get the height of the tree
    int height(Node N) {
        if (N == null)
            return 0;
        return N.height;
    }

    // A utility function to right rotate subtree rooted with y
    Node rightRotate(Node y) {
        Node x = y.left;
        Node T2 = x.right;

        // Perform rotation
        x.right = y;
        y.left = T2;

        // Update heights
        y.height = Math.max(height(y.left), height(y.right)) + 1;
        x.height = Math.max(height(x.left), height(x.right)) + 1;

        // Return new root
        return x;
    }

    // A utility function to left rotate subtree rooted with x
    Node leftRotate(Node x) {
        Node y = x.right;
        Node T2 = y.left;

        // Perform rotation
        y.left = x;
        x.right = T2;

        // Update heights
        x.height = Math.max(height(x.left), height(x.right)) + 1;
        y.height = Math.max(height(y.left), height(y.right)) + 1;

        // Return new root
        return y;
    }

    // Get balance factor of node N
    int getBalance(Node N) {
        if (N == null)
            return 0;
        return height(N.left) - height(N.right);
    }

    Node insert(Node node, int key) {

        // 1. Perform the normal BST insertion
        if (node == null)
            return (new Node(key));

        if (key < node.key)
            node.left = insert(node.left, key);
        else if (key > node.key)
            node.right = insert(node.right, key);
        else // Duplicate keys not allowed
            return node;

        // 2. Update height of this ancestor node
        node.height = 1 + Math.max(height(node.left),
                                   height(node.right));

        // 3. Get the balance factor of this ancestor
        int balance = getBalance(node);

        // If this node becomes unbalanced, then there are 4 cases

        // Left Left Case
        if (balance > 1 && key < node.left.key)
            return rightRotate(node);

        // Right Right Case
        if (balance < -1 && key > node.right.key)
            return leftRotate(node);

        // Left Right Case
        if (balance > 1 && key > node.left.key) {
            node.left = leftRotate(node.left);
            return rightRotate(node);
        }

        // Right Left Case
        if (balance < -1 && key < node.right.key) {
            node.right = rightRotate(node.right);
            return leftRotate(node);
        }

        // return the (unchanged) node pointer
        return node;
    }

    // A utility function to print preorder traversal
    // of the tree.
    // The function also prints height of every node
    void preOrder(Node node) {
        if (node != null) {
            System.out.print(node.key + " ");
            preOrder(node.left);
            preOrder(node.right);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AVLTree tree = new AVLTree();

        /* Constructing tree given in the above figure */
        tree.root = tree.insert(tree.root, 10);
        tree.root = tree.insert(tree.root, 20);
        tree.root = tree.insert(tree.root, 30);
        tree.root = tree.insert(tree.root, 40);
        tree.root = tree.insert(tree.root, 50);
        tree.root = tree.insert(tree.root, 25);

        /* The constructed AVL Tree would be
             30
            /  \
          20   40
         /  \     \
        10  25    50
        */
        System.out.println("Preorder traversal of " +
                        "constructed tree is : ");
        tree.preOrder(tree.root);
    }
}