diff --git a/.changelog/44513.txt b/.changelog/44513.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1f9a6ef108b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changelog/44513.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+```release-note:bug
+resource/aws_appsync_resolver: Fix `caching_config.caching_keys` order preservation to prevent incorrect cache key generation
+```
diff --git a/internal/service/appsync/resolver.go b/internal/service/appsync/resolver.go
index 2b1deba8e782..2e4a6ed5313b 100644
--- a/internal/service/appsync/resolver.go
+++ b/internal/service/appsync/resolver.go
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ func resourceResolver() *schema.Resource {
 				Elem: &schema.Resource{
 					Schema: map[string]*schema.Schema{
 						"caching_keys": {
-							Type:     schema.TypeSet,
+							Type:     schema.TypeList,
 							Optional: true,
 							Elem: &schema.Schema{
 								Type: schema.TypeString,
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ func expandResolverCachingConfig(tfList []any) *awstypes.CachingConfig {
 
 	tfMap := tfList[0].(map[string]any)
 	apiObject := &awstypes.CachingConfig{
-		CachingKeys: flex.ExpandStringValueSet(tfMap["caching_keys"].(*schema.Set)),
+		CachingKeys: flex.ExpandStringValueList(tfMap["caching_keys"].([]any)),
 	}
 
 	if v, ok := tfMap["ttl"].(int); ok && v != 0 {
diff --git a/internal/service/appsync/resolver_test.go b/internal/service/appsync/resolver_test.go
index 91074bc76f50..8709f88b824c 100644
--- a/internal/service/appsync/resolver_test.go
+++ b/internal/service/appsync/resolver_test.go
@@ -347,6 +347,8 @@ func testAccResolver_caching(t *testing.T) {
 				Check: resource.ComposeTestCheckFunc(
 					testAccCheckResolverExists(ctx, resourceName, &resolver),
 					resource.TestCheckResourceAttr(resourceName, "caching_config.0.caching_keys.#", "2"),
+					resource.TestCheckResourceAttr(resourceName, "caching_config.0.caching_keys.0", "$context.identity.sub"),
+					resource.TestCheckResourceAttr(resourceName, "caching_config.0.caching_keys.1", "$context.arguments.id"),
 					resource.TestCheckResourceAttr(resourceName, "caching_config.0.ttl", "60"),
 				),
 			},