Add more tasks

Author: vtm9

tasks/easy/stdlib/bulls_and_cows.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+level             = "easy"
+name              = "bulls_and_cows"
+tags              = ["stdlib"]
+time_to_solve_sec = 300
+
+description_en = """
+You are given two 4-digit integers: `secret` and `guess`.
+
+For each position:
+
+- If the digit in `guess` is the **same** as in `secret` and in the **same position**, it counts as a **bull**.
+- If the digit appears in `secret` but in a **different position**, it counts as a **cow**.
+
+Return an array `[bulls, cows]` with the number of bulls and cows for this pair.
+
+Although in the classic game all digits are different, your function must correctly handle **any** 4-digit numbers, including ones with repeated digits.
+"""
+
+description_ru = """
+Даны два четырёхзначных числа: `secret` и `guess`.
+
+Для каждой позиции:
+
+- Если цифра в `guess` совпадает с цифрой в `secret` и стоит на **том же месте**, это **бык**.
+- Если цифра присутствует в `secret`, но стоит на **другом месте**, это **корова**.
+
+Верните массив `[bulls, cows]` с количеством быков и коров для этой пары.
+
+Хотя в классической игре все цифры различны, ваша функция должна корректно обрабатывать **любые** четырёхзначные числа, включая числа с повторяющимися цифрами.
+"""
+
+limits = """
+- $1000 \\leq secret \\leq 9999$
+- $1000 \\leq guess \\leq 9999$
+"""
+
+solution = """
+from collections import Counter
+from typing import List
+
+def solution(secret: int, guess: int) -> List[int]:
+    s = str(secret)
+    g = str(guess)
+    bulls = sum(1 for i in range(4) if s[i] == g[i])
+    cs, cg = Counter(s), Counter(g)
+    cows = sum(min(cs[d], cg[d]) for d in cs) - bulls
+    return [bulls, cows]
+"""
+
+examples = """
+solution(1234, 5678) == [0, 0]
+solution(1234, 4321) == [0, 4]
+solution(4182, 4273) == [1, 1]
+solution(4271, 1234) == [1, 2]
+solution(4271, 4271) == [4, 0]
+solution(4271, 5682) == [0, 1]
+"""
+
+[[input_signature]]
+argument_name = "secret"
+[input_signature.type]
+name = "integer"
+
+[[input_signature]]
+argument_name = "guess"
+[input_signature.type]
+name = "integer"
+
+[output_signature.type]
+name   = "array"
+nested = { name = "integer" }
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [4271, 1234]
+comment   = "Given example: one bull (2) and two cows (1 and 4)"
+expected  = [1, 2]
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [4271, 5682]
+comment   = "Given example: one cow (2), no bulls"
+expected  = [0, 1]
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [4271, 4271]
+comment   = "Given example: all digits correct and in place"
+expected  = [4, 0]
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [4182, 4273]
+comment   = "Given example: one bull, one cow"
+expected  = [1, 1]
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [1234, 5678]
+comment   = "No common digits"
+expected  = [0, 0]
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [1234, 4321]
+comment   = "All digits present but all in wrong positions"
+expected  = [0, 4]
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [1234, 1278]
+comment   = "Two bulls, no cows"
+expected  = [2, 0]
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [1234, 1782]
+comment   = "One bull, one cow"
+expected  = [1, 1]
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [9876, 6789]
+comment   = "All digits present but all displaced"
+expected  = [0, 4]
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [1111, 1111]
+comment   = "All digits equal with repeats"
+expected  = [4, 0]
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [1122, 2211]
+comment   = "All digits present but all in wrong positions with repeats"
+expected  = [0, 4]
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [9090, 9009]
+comment   = "Two bulls, two cows with repeated digits"
+expected  = [2, 2]
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [1023, 1023]
+comment   = "Exact match with a zero digit"
+expected  = [4, 0]
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [1023, 1302]
+comment   = "One bull, three cows, all digits shared"
+expected  = [1, 3]
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [9087, 7890]
+comment   = "All digits present, all displaced"
+expected  = [0, 4]
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [2468, 8642]
+comment   = "Even digits, reversed order blocks"
+expected  = [0, 4]
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [1357, 1357]
+comment   = "Odd digits, all correct"
+expected  = [4, 0]
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [1357, 7531]
+comment   = "Same digits, rotated positions"
+expected  = [0, 4]
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [1234, 1294]
+comment   = "Three digits correct and in place"
+expected  = [3, 0]
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [1234, 1203]
+comment   = "Two bulls, one cow"
+expected  = [2, 1]
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [1234, 9834]
+comment   = "Two bulls, remaining digits different"
+expected  = [2, 0]
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [5678, 7618]
+comment   = "Two bulls and one additional shared digit"
+expected  = [2, 1]
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [5678, 5768]
+comment   = "Two bulls and two cows"
+expected  = [2, 2]
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [5678, 5670]
+comment   = "Three digits correct, last digit different"
+expected  = [3, 0]
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [5678, 8567]
+comment   = "All digits present but permuted"
+expected  = [0, 4]
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [1023, 9876]
+comment   = "No common digits between secret and guess"
+expected  = [0, 0]

tasks/easy/string/capitalized_words_number.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+level             = "easy"
+name              = "capitalized_words_number"
+tags              = ["string"]
+time_to_solve_sec = 200
+
+description_en = """
+Given a string `s`, count how many **words** in it start with a capital letter.
+
+A word is any substring separated by spaces. A word **counts** if its **first character** is an uppercase letter (`'A'`–`'Z'`), even if it is followed by punctuation (for example, `"Hello,"` is counted).
+"""
+
+description_ru = """
+По заданной строке `s` подсчитайте, сколько в ней **слов** начинается с заглавной буквы.
+
+Слово — это любая подстрока, отделённая пробелами. Слово **засчитывается**, если его **первый символ** — заглавная латинская буква (`'A'`–`'Z'`), даже если далее следует пунктуация (например, `"Hello,"` считается).
+"""
+
+limits = """
+- $0 \\leq \\text{len}(s) \\leq 1000$
+"""
+
+solution = """
+def solution(s: str) -> int:
+    count = 0
+    for w in s.split(" "):
+        if w and w[0].isupper():
+            count += 1
+    return count
+"""
+
+examples = """
+solution("loRem ipSum") == 0
+solution("lorem ipsum.") == 0
+solution("Lorem Ipsum Caesar") == 3
+solution("Lorem ipsum, Hello") == 2
+solution("lorem, ipsum Hello CaeSar") == 2
+"""
+
+[[input_signature]]
+argument_name = "s"
+[input_signature.type]
+name = "string"
+
+[output_signature.type]
+name = "integer"
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["lorem ipsum."]
+comment   = "No words starting with a capital letter"
+expected  = 0
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["Lorem ipsum, Hello"]
+comment   = "Two capitalized words: Lorem, Hello"
+expected  = 2
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["lorem, ipsum Hello CaeSar"]
+comment   = "Hello and CaeSar start with uppercase"
+expected  = 2
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["loRem ipSum"]
+comment   = "Uppercase not at the first character"
+expected  = 0
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["Lorem Ipsum Caesar"]
+comment   = "All three words start with uppercase"
+expected  = 3
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = [""]
+comment   = "Empty string has no words"
+expected  = 0
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["   "]
+comment   = "Only spaces, no words with first character"
+expected  = 0
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["Hello"]
+comment   = "Single capitalized word"
+expected  = 1
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["hello"]
+comment   = "Single lowercase word"
+expected  = 0
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["Hello, world!"]
+comment   = "Hello, starts with uppercase, world! does not"
+expected  = 1
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["Hello, World!"]
+comment   = "Both Hello, and World! start with uppercase"
+expected  = 2
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["(Hello) World"]
+comment   = "Words start with '(' and 'W'; only World counts as it starts with uppercase W"
+expected  = 1
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["\"Hello\" World"]
+comment   = "First characters '\"' and 'W'; only World counts as it starts with uppercase W"
+expected  = 1
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["A b C d"]
+comment   = "A and C are counted"
+expected  = 2
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["ABC def GHI"]
+comment   = "ABC and GHI start with uppercase"
+expected  = 2
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["abc DEF ghi"]
+comment   = "Only DEF starts with uppercase"
+expected  = 1
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["hello   World"]
+comment   = "Extra spaces, only World counts"
+expected  = 1
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["Hello world  Foo"]
+comment   = "Hello and Foo start with uppercase"
+expected  = 2
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["HELLO WORLD"]
+comment   = "Both words start with uppercase H and W"
+expected  = 2
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["123abc Hello"]
+comment   = "Word starting with digit is not counted, Hello is"
+expected  = 1
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["_Hello World"]
+comment   = "Word starting with '_' is not counted, World is"
+expected  = 1
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["Hello-world Foo-bar"]
+comment   = "Split by spaces, both Hello-world and Foo-bar start with uppercase"
+expected  = 2
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["a B c D e F"]
+comment   = "B, D and F are counted"
+expected  = 3
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["Lorem ipsum. Dolor sit Amet."]
+comment   = "Lorem, Dolor, Amet. start with uppercase"
+expected  = 3
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["Mixed CASE Words like JavaScript and HTML"]
+comment   = "Mixed, CASE, Words, JavaScript and HTML are counted"
+expected  = 5
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["no Capitals here"]
+comment   = "Only 'Capitals' starts with uppercase"
+expected  = 1
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["Edge UpperCase lowerCase"]
+comment   = "Edge and UpperCase start with uppercase"
+expected  = 2
+
+[[asserts]]
+arguments = ["already Capitalized Words."]
+comment   = "already is lowercase, Capitalized and Words. counted"
+expected  = 2