From 628522ae662285f900aed033cfe9b407bb6e82b9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Gavin King <gavin@hibernate.org>
Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2025 19:05:37 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] HHH-19718 lame solution to function call nested in
 cast(... as ...)

---
 .../src/main/java/org/hibernate/sql/Template.java           | 6 ++++--
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/sql/Template.java b/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/sql/Template.java
index 1d97702b483a..e869487b9829 100644
--- a/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/sql/Template.java
+++ b/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/sql/Template.java
@@ -249,8 +249,10 @@ else if ( "(".equals(lcToken) ) {
 			}
 			else if ( ")".equals(lcToken) ) {
 				inExtractOrTrim = false;
-				inCast = false;
-				afterCastAs = false;
+				if ( afterCastAs ) {
+					inCast = false;
+					afterCastAs = false;
+				}
 				processedToken = token;
 			}
 			else if ( ",".equals(lcToken) ) {

From 05f306cb9c6d38dbdb0393c0f281d1b39521276d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Gavin King <gavin@hibernate.org>
Date: Tue, 19 Aug 2025 19:29:02 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] HHH-19718 keep track of nesting level in SQL function
 calls

---
 .../main/java/org/hibernate/sql/Template.java | 23 +++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/sql/Template.java b/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/sql/Template.java
index e869487b9829..c996addf10af 100644
--- a/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/sql/Template.java
+++ b/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/sql/Template.java
@@ -167,11 +167,12 @@ public static String renderWhereStringTemplate(
 		boolean beforeTable = false;
 		boolean inFromClause = false;
 		boolean afterFromTable = false;
-		boolean inExtractOrTrim = false;
-		boolean inCast = false;
 		boolean afterCastAs = false;
 		boolean afterFetch = false;
 		boolean afterCurrent = false;
+		int inExtractOrTrim = -1;
+		int inCast = -1;
+		int nestingLevel = 0;
 
 		boolean hasMore = tokens.hasMoreTokens();
 		String nextToken = hasMore ? tokens.nextToken() : null;
@@ -245,12 +246,16 @@ else if ( afterFromTable ) {
 				processedToken = token;
 			}
 			else if ( "(".equals(lcToken) ) {
+				nestingLevel ++;
 				processedToken = token;
 			}
 			else if ( ")".equals(lcToken) ) {
-				inExtractOrTrim = false;
-				if ( afterCastAs ) {
-					inCast = false;
+				nestingLevel --;
+				if ( nestingLevel == inExtractOrTrim ) {
+					inExtractOrTrim = -1;
+				}
+				if ( nestingLevel == inCast ) {
+					inCast = -1;
 					afterCastAs = false;
 				}
 				processedToken = token;
@@ -265,7 +270,7 @@ else if ( lcToken.length()==1 && symbols.contains(lcToken) ) {
 				processedToken = token;
 			}
 			else if ( BEFORE_TABLE_KEYWORDS.contains(lcToken) ) {
-				if ( !inExtractOrTrim ) {
+				if ( inExtractOrTrim == -1 ) {
 					beforeTable = true;
 					inFromClause = true;
 				}
@@ -282,7 +287,7 @@ else if ( isNamedParameter(token) ) {
 			}
 			else if ( "as".equals( lcToken ) ) {
 				processedToken = token;
-				afterCastAs = inCast;
+				afterCastAs = inCast>-1;
 			}
 			else if ( isFetch( dialect, lcToken ) ) {
 				processedToken = token;
@@ -300,10 +305,10 @@ else if ( isBoolean( lcToken ) ) {
 			}
 			else if ( isFunctionCall( nextToken, sql, symbols, tokens ) ) {
 				if ( FUNCTION_WITH_FROM_KEYWORDS.contains( lcToken ) ) {
-					inExtractOrTrim = true;
+					inExtractOrTrim = nestingLevel;
 				}
 				if ( "cast".equals( lcToken ) ) {
-					inCast = true;
+					inCast = nestingLevel;
 				}
 				processedToken = token;
 			}