diff --git a/hibernate-core/src/test/java/org/hibernate/orm/test/loading/multiLoad/MultiLoadLockingTest.java b/hibernate-core/src/test/java/org/hibernate/orm/test/loading/multiLoad/MultiLoadLockingTest.java
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/hibernate-core/src/test/java/org/hibernate/orm/test/loading/multiLoad/MultiLoadLockingTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
+ * Copyright Red Hat Inc. and Hibernate Authors
+ */
+package org.hibernate.orm.test.loading.multiLoad;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import org.hibernate.LockMode;
+import org.hibernate.LockOptions;
+import org.hibernate.cfg.AvailableSettings;
+import org.hibernate.orm.test.cache.Company;
+import org.hibernate.orm.test.cache.User;
+import org.hibernate.testing.orm.domain.gambit.EntityWithAggregateId;
+import org.hibernate.testing.orm.junit.DomainModel;
+import org.hibernate.testing.orm.junit.JiraKey;
+import org.hibernate.testing.orm.junit.ServiceRegistry;
+import org.hibernate.testing.orm.junit.SessionFactory;
+import org.hibernate.testing.orm.junit.SessionFactoryScope;
+import org.hibernate.testing.orm.junit.Setting;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import jakarta.persistence.Basic;
+import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
+import jakarta.persistence.Id;
+
+
+@DomainModel(
+		annotatedClasses = {
+			MultiLoadLockingTest.Customer.class,
+			EntityWithAggregateId.class,
+			User.class,
+			Company.class
+		}
+	)
+@SessionFactory
+@ServiceRegistry(
+		settings = {
+				@Setting(name = AvailableSettings.USE_QUERY_CACHE, value = "true"),
+				@Setting(name = AvailableSettings.USE_SECOND_LEVEL_CACHE, value = "true")
+		}
+)
+@JiraKey(value = "HHH-18992")
+public class MultiLoadLockingTest {
+
+	private List<Customer> customerList = List.of(
+			new Customer(1L, "Customer A"),
+			new Customer(2L, "Customer B"),
+			new Customer(3L, "Customer C"),
+			new Customer(4L, "Customer D"),
+			new Customer(5L, "Customer E")
+		);
+
+	private List<Long> customerIds = customerList
+		.stream()
+		.map(Customer::getId)
+		.collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+	private List<EntityWithAggregateId> entityWithAggregateIdList = List.of(
+			new EntityWithAggregateId( new EntityWithAggregateId.Key( "1", "1" ), "Entity A" ),
+			new EntityWithAggregateId( new EntityWithAggregateId.Key( "2", "2" ), "Entity B" ),
+			new EntityWithAggregateId( new EntityWithAggregateId.Key( "3", "3" ), "Entity C" ),
+			new EntityWithAggregateId( new EntityWithAggregateId.Key( "4", "4" ), "Entity D" ),
+			new EntityWithAggregateId( new EntityWithAggregateId.Key( "5", "5" ), "Entity E" )
+	);
+
+	private List<EntityWithAggregateId.Key> entityWithAggregateIdKeys = entityWithAggregateIdList
+		.stream()
+		.map(EntityWithAggregateId::getKey)
+		.collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+	public List<User> userList = List.of(
+			new User(1, null),
+			new User(2, null),
+			new User(3, null),
+			new User(4, null),
+			new User(5, null)
+	);
+
+	private List<Integer> userIds = userList
+		.stream()
+		.map(User::getId)
+		.collect(Collectors.toList());
+
+
+	@BeforeEach
+	public void prepareTestDataAndClearL2C(SessionFactoryScope scope) {
+		scope.inTransaction(session -> {
+			customerList.forEach( session::persist );
+			entityWithAggregateIdList.forEach( session::persist );
+			userList.forEach( session::persist );
+		});
+		scope.getSessionFactory().getCache().evictAll();
+	}
+
+	// (1) simple Id entity w/ pessimistic read lock
+
+	@Test
+	void testMultiLoadSimpleIdEntityPessimisticReadLock(SessionFactoryScope scope) {
+		scope.inTransaction( session -> {
+			List<Customer> customersLoaded = session.byMultipleIds(Customer.class)
+				.with(new LockOptions(LockMode.PESSIMISTIC_READ))
+				.multiLoad(customerIds);
+			assertNotNull(customersLoaded);
+			assertEquals(customerList.size(), customersLoaded.size());
+			customersLoaded.forEach(customer -> {
+				assertEquals(LockMode.PESSIMISTIC_READ, session.getCurrentLockMode(customer));
+			});
+		} );
+	}
+
+	// (2) composite Id entity w/ pessimistic read lock (one of the entities already in L1C)
+
+	@Test
+	void testMultiLoadCompositeIdEntityPessimisticReadLockAlreadyInSession(
+		SessionFactoryScope scope) {
+		scope.inTransaction( session -> {
+			EntityWithAggregateId entityInL1C = session
+				.find(EntityWithAggregateId.class, entityWithAggregateIdList.get(0).getKey());
+			assertNotNull(entityInL1C);
+			List<EntityWithAggregateId> entitiesLoaded = session.byMultipleIds(EntityWithAggregateId.class)
+				.with(new LockOptions(LockMode.PESSIMISTIC_READ))
+				.enableSessionCheck(true)
+				.multiLoad(entityWithAggregateIdKeys);
+			assertNotNull(entitiesLoaded);
+			assertEquals(entityWithAggregateIdList.size(), entitiesLoaded.size());
+			entitiesLoaded.forEach(entity -> {
+				assertEquals(LockMode.PESSIMISTIC_READ, session.getCurrentLockMode(entity));
+			});
+		} );
+	}
+
+	// (3) simple Id entity w/ pessimistic write lock (one in L1C & some in L2C)
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultiLoadSimpleIdEntityPessimisticWriteLockSomeInL1CAndSomeInL2C(
+		SessionFactoryScope scope) {
+		Integer userInL2CId = userIds.get(0);
+		Integer userInL1CId = userIds.get(1);
+		scope.inTransaction( session -> {
+			User userInL2C = session.find(User.class, userInL2CId);
+			assertNotNull(userInL2C);
+		} );
+		scope.inTransaction( session -> {
+			assertTrue(session.getFactory().getCache().containsEntity(User.class, userInL2CId));
+			User userInL1C = session.find(User.class, userInL1CId);
+			assertNotNull(userInL1C);
+			List<User> usersLoaded = session.byMultipleIds(User.class)
+				.with(new LockOptions(LockMode.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE))
+				.multiLoad(userIds);
+			assertNotNull(usersLoaded);
+			assertEquals(userList.size(), usersLoaded.size());
+			usersLoaded.forEach(user -> {
+				assertEquals(LockMode.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE, session.getCurrentLockMode(user));
+			});
+		} );
+	}
+
+
+
+	// (4) simple Id entity w/ optimistic read lock
+
+	@Test
+	void testMultiLoadSimpleIdEntityOptimisticReadLock(SessionFactoryScope scope) {
+		scope.inTransaction( session -> {
+			List<Customer> customersLoaded = session.byMultipleIds(Customer.class)
+				.with(new LockOptions(LockMode.OPTIMISTIC))
+				.multiLoad(customerIds);
+			assertNotNull(customersLoaded);
+			assertEquals(customerList.size(), customersLoaded.size());
+			customersLoaded.forEach(customer -> {
+				assertEquals(LockMode.OPTIMISTIC, session.getCurrentLockMode(customer));
+			});
+		} );
+	}
+
+
+	// (5) simple Id entity w/ optimistic force increment lock
+
+	@Test
+	void testMultiLoadSimpleIdEntityOptimisticForceIncrementLock(SessionFactoryScope scope) {
+		scope.inTransaction( session -> {
+			List<Customer> customersLoaded = session.byMultipleIds(Customer.class)
+				.with(new LockOptions(LockMode.OPTIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT))
+				.multiLoad(customerIds);
+			assertNotNull(customersLoaded);
+			assertEquals(customerList.size(), customersLoaded.size());
+			customersLoaded.forEach(customer -> {
+				assertEquals(LockMode.OPTIMISTIC_FORCE_INCREMENT, session.getCurrentLockMode(customer));
+			});
+		} );
+	}
+
+
+
+	@Entity
+	public static class Customer {
+
+		@Id
+		private Long id;
+		@Basic
+		private String name;
+
+		protected Customer() {
+		}
+
+		public Customer(Long id, String name) {
+			this.id = id;
+			this.name = name;
+		}
+
+		public Long getId() {
+			return id;
+		}
+
+		public void setId(Long id) {
+			this.id = id;
+		}
+
+		public String getName() {
+			return name;
+		}
+
+		public void setName(String name) {
+			this.name = name;
+		}
+
+	}
+}