referencesBBT.bib

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@article{aartsEstimatingReproducibilityPsychological2015,
	abstract = {Reproducibility is a defining feature of science, but the extent to which it characterizes current research is unknown. We conducted replications of 100 experimental and correlational studies published in three psychology journals using high-powered designs and original materials when available. Replication effects were half the magnitude of original effects, representing a substantial decline. Ninety-seven percent of original studies had statistically significant results. Thirty-six percent of replications had statistically significant results; 47\% of original effect sizes were in the 95\% confidence interval of the replication effect size; 39\% of effects were subjectively rated to have replicated the original result; and if no bias in original results is assumed, combining original and replication results left 68\% with statistically significant effects. Correlational tests suggest that replication success was better predicted by the strength of original evidence than by characteristics of the original and replication teams.},
	annotation = {3900 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Aarts, Alexander A. and Anderson, Joanna E. and Anderson, Christopher J. and Attridge, Peter R. and Attwood, Angela and Axt, Jordan and Babel, Molly and Bahnik, Stepan and Baranski, Erica and {Barnett-Cowan}, Michael and Bartmess, Elizabeth and Beer, Jennifer and Bell, Raoul and Bentley, Heather and Beyan, Leah and Binion, Grace and Borsboom, Denny and Bosch, Annick and Bosco, Frank A. and Bowman, Sara D. and Brandt, Mark J. and Braswell, Erin and Brohmer, Hilmar and Brown, Benjamin T. and Brown, Kristina and Bruening, Jovita and {Calhoun-Sauls}, Ann and Callahan, Shannon P. and Chagnon, Elizabeth and Chandler, Jesse and Chartier, Christopher R. and Cheung, Felix and Christopherson, Cody D. and Cillessen, Linda and Clay, Russ and Cleary, Hayley and Cloud, Mark D. and Cohn, Michael and Cohoon, Johanna and Columbus, Simon and Cordes, Andreas and Costantini, Giulio and Alvarez, Leslie D. Cramblet and Cremata, Ed and Crusius, Jan and DeCoster, Jamie and DeGaetano, Michelle A. and Della Penna, Nicolas and {den Bezemer}, Bobby and Deserno, Marie K. and Devitt, Olivia and Dewitte, Laura and Dobolyi, David G. and Dodson, Geneva T. and Donnellan, M. Brent and Donohue, Ryan and Dore, Rebecca A. and Dorrough, Angela and Dreber, Anna and Dugas, Michelle and Dunn, Elizabeth W. and Easey, Kayleigh and Eboigbe, Sylvia and Eggleston, Casey and Embley, Jo and Epskamp, Sacha and Errington, Timothy M. and Estel, Vivien and Farach, Frank J. and Feather, Jenelle and Fedor, Anna and {Fernandez-Castilla}, Belen and Fiedler, Susann and Field, James G. and Fitneva, Stanka A. and Flagan, Taru and Forest, Amanda L. and Forsell, Eskil and Foster, Joshua D. and Frank, Michael C. and Frazier, Rebecca S. and Fuchs, Heather and Gable, Philip and Galak, Jeff and Galliani, Elisa Maria and Gampa, Anup and Garcia, Sara and Gazarian, Douglas and Gilbert, Elizabeth and {Giner-Sorolla}, Roger and Gl{\"o}ckner, Andreas and G{\"o}llner, Lars and Goh, Jin X. and Goldberg, Rebecca and Goodbourn, Patrick T. and {Gordon-McKeon}, Shauna and Gorges, Bryan and Gorges, Jessie and Goss, Justin and Graham, Jesse and Grange, James A. and Gray, Jeremy and Hartgerink, Chris and Hartshorne, Joshua and Hasselman, Fred and Hayes, Timothy and Heikensten, Emma and Henninger, Felix and Hodsoll, John and Holubar, Taylor and Hoogendoorn, Gea and Humphries, Denise J. and Hung, Cathy O.-Y. and Immelman, Nathali and Irsik, Vanessa C. and Jahn, Georg and Jaekel, Frank and Jekel, Marc and Johannesson, Magnus and Johnson, Larissa G. and Johnson, David J. and Johnson, Kate M. and Johnston, William J. and Jonas, Kai and {Joy-Gaba}, Jennifer A. and Kappes, Heather Barry and Kelso, Kim and Kidwell, Mallory C. and Kim, Seung Kyung and Kirkhart, Matthew and Kleinberg, Bennett and Knezevic, Goran and Kolorz, Franziska Maria and Kossakowski, Jolanda J. and Krause, Robert Wilhelm and Krijnen, Job and Kuhlmann, Tim and Kunkels, Yoram K. and Kyc, Megan M. and Lai, Calvin K. and Laique, Aamir and Lakens, Daniel and Lane, Kristin A. and Lassetter, Bethany and Lazarevic, Ljiljana B. and LeBel, Etienne P. and Lee, Key Jung and Lee, Minha and Lemm, Kristi and Levitan, Carmel A. and Lewis, Melissa and Lin, Lin and Lin, Stephanie and Lippold, Matthias and Loureiro, Darren and Luteijn, Ilse and Mackinnon, Sean and Mainard, Heather N. and Marigold, Denise C. and Martin, Daniel P. and Martinez, Tylar and Masicampo, E. J. and Matacotta, Josh and Mathur, Maya and May, Michael and Mechin, Nicole and Mehta, Pranjal and Meixner, Johannes and Melinger, Alissa and Miller, Jeremy K. and Miller, Mallorie and Moore, Katherine and M{\"o}schl, Marcus and Motyl, Matt and M{\"u}ller, Stephanie M. and Munafo, Marcus and Neijenhuijs, Koen I. and Nervi, Taylor and Nicolas, Gandalf and Nilsonne, Gustav and Nosek, Brian A. and Nuijten, Michele B. and Olsson, Catherine and Osborne, Colleen and Ostkamp, Lutz and Pavel, Misha and {Penton-Voak}, Ian S. and Perna, Olivia and Pernet, Cyril and Perugini, Marco and Pipitone, R. Nathan and Pitts, Michael and Plessow, Franziska and Prenoveau, Jason M. and Rahal, Rima-Maria and Ratliff, Kate A. and Reinhard, David and Renkewitz, Frank and Ricker, Ashley A. and Rigney, Anastasia and Rivers, Andrew M. and Roebke, Mark and Rutchick, Abraham M. and Ryan, Robert S. and Sahin, Onur and Saide, Anondah and Sandstrom, Gillian M. and Santos, David and Saxe, Rebecca and Schlegelmilch, Rene and Schmidt, Kathleen and Scholz, Sabine and Seibel, Larissa and Selterman, Dylan Faulkner and Shaki, Samuel and Simpson, William B. and Sinclair, H. Colleen and Skorinko, Jeanine L. M. and Slowik, Agnieszka and Snyder, Joel S. and Soderberg, Courtney and Sonnleitner, Carina and Spencer, Nick and Spies, Jeffrey R. and Steegen, Sara and Stieger, Stefan and Strohminger, Nina and Sullivan, Gavin B. and Talhelm, Thomas and Tapia, Megan and {te Dorsthorst}, Anniek and Thomae, Manuela and Thomas, Sarah L. and Tio, Pia and Traets, Frits and Tsang, Steve and Tuerlinckx, Francis and Turchan, Paul and Valasek, Milan and Van Aert, Robbie and {van Assen}, Marcel and {van Bork}, Riet and {van de Ven}, Mathijs and {van den Bergh}, Don and {van der Hulst}, Marije and {van Dooren}, Roel and {van Doorn}, Johnny and {van Renswoude}, Daan R. and {van Rijn}, Hedderik and Vanpaemel, Wolf and Echeverria, Alejandro Vasquez and Vazquez, Melissa and Velez, Natalia and Vermue, Marieke and Verschoor, Mark and Vianello, Michelangelo and Voracek, Martin and Vuu, Gina and Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan and Weerdmeester, Joanneke and Welsh, Ashlee and Westgate, Erin C. and Wissink, Joeri and Wood, Michael and Woods, Andy and Wright, Emily and Wu, Sining and Zeelenberg, Marcel and Zuni, Kellylynn},
	doi = {10.1126/science.aac4716},
	issn = {1095-9203, 0036-8075},
	journal = {Science},
	langid = {english},
	number = {6251},
	publisher = {{American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science}},
	title = {Estimating the Reproducibility of Psychological Science},
	urldate = {2023-05-20},
	volume = {349},
	year = {2015},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac4716}}

@article{adamsEffectOrientationReversal1959,
  title = {The Effect of Orientation on the Reversal of One Cube Inscribed in Another},
  author = {Adams, Pauline and Haire, Mason},
  year = {1959},
  journal = {The American Journal of Psychology},
  volume = {72},
  pages = {296--299},
  publisher = {Univ of Illinois Press},
  address = {US},
  issn = {1939-8298},
  doi = {10.2307/1419384},
  abstract = {When the smaller, inscribed cube had an orientation similar to the larger one, its rate of reversal was the same as the larger; when in an opposite orientation, its rate was faster. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)}
}


@article{boccalettiStructureDynamicsMultilayer2014,
  title = {The Structure and Dynamics of Multilayer Networks},
  author = {Boccaletti, S. and Bianconi, G. and Criado, R. and {del Genio}, C. I. and {G{\'o}mez-Garde{\~n}es}, J. and Romance, M. and {Sendi{\~n}a-Nadal}, I. and Wang, Z. and Zanin, M.},
  year = {2014},
  month = nov,
  journal = {Physics Reports},
  series = {The Structure and Dynamics of Multilayer Networks},
  volume = {544},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--122},
  issn = {0370-1573},
  doi = {10.1016/j.physrep.2014.07.001},
  urldate = {2023-09-16},
  abstract = {In the past years, network theory has successfully characterized the interaction among the constituents of a variety of complex systems, ranging from biological to technological, and social systems. However, up until recently, attention was almost exclusively given to networks in which all components were treated on equivalent footing, while neglecting all the extra information about the temporal- or context-related properties of the interactions under study. Only in the last years, taking advantage of the enhanced resolution in real data sets, network scientists have directed their interest to the multiplex character of real-world systems, and explicitly considered the time-varying and multilayer nature of networks. We offer here a comprehensive review on both structural and dynamical organization of graphs made of diverse relationships (layers) between its constituents, and cover several relevant issues, from a full redefinition of the basic structural measures, to understanding how the multilayer nature of the network affects processes and dynamics.},
  keywords = {/unread},
  annotation = {2246 citations (Crossref) [2023-09-25]}
}

@article{castellanoStatisticalPhysicsSocial2009,
  title = {Statistical Physics of Social Dynamics},
  author = {Castellano, Claudio and Fortunato, Santo and Loreto, Vittorio},
  year = {2009},
  month = may,
  journal = {Reviews of Modern Physics},
  volume = {81},
  number = {2},
  pages = {591--646},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/RevModPhys.81.591},
  urldate = {2023-09-18},
  abstract = {Statistical physics has proven to be a fruitful framework to describe phenomena outside the realm of traditional physics. Recent years have witnessed an attempt by physicists to study collective phenomena emerging from the interactions of individuals as elementary units in social structures. A wide list of topics are reviewed ranging from opinion and cultural and language dynamics to crowd behavior, hierarchy formation, human dynamics, and social spreading. The connections between these problems and other, more traditional, topics of statistical physics are highlighted. Comparison of model results with empirical data from social systems are also emphasized.},
  keywords = {/unread},
  annotation = {2757 citations (Crossref) [2023-09-25]}
}

@article{galamSociophysicsReviewGalam2008,
  title = {Sociophysics: A Review of Galam Models},
  shorttitle = {Sociophysics},
  author = {Galam, Serge},
  year = {2008},
  month = mar,
  journal = {International Journal of Modern Physics C},
  volume = {19},
  number = {03},
  pages = {409--440},
  publisher = {{World Scientific Publishing Co.}},
  issn = {0129-1831},
  doi = {10.1142/S0129183108012297},
  urldate = {2023-09-18},
  abstract = {We review a series of models of sociophysics introduced by Galam and Galam et al. in the last 25 years. The models are divided into five different classes, which deal respectively with democratic voting in bottom-up hierarchical systems, decision making, fragmentation versus coalitions, terrorism and opinion dynamics. For each class the connexion to the original physical model and techniques are outlined underlining both the similarities and the differences. Emphasis is put on the numerous novel and counterintuitive results obtained with respect to the associated social and political framework. Using these models several major real political events were successfully predicted including the victory of the French extreme right party in the 2000 first round of French presidential elections, the voting at fifty{\textendash}fifty in several democratic countries (Germany, Italy, Mexico), and the victory of the "no" to the 2005 French referendum on the European constitution. The perspectives and the challenges to make sociophysics a predictive solid field of science are discussed.},
  keywords = {/unread,bottom-up voting,coalitions,group decision making,hierarchical systems,opinion dynamics,Sociophysics,terrorism},
  annotation = {347 citations (Crossref) [2023-09-25]}
}

@article{masudaVoterModelTwoclique2014,
  title = {Voter Model on the Two-Clique Graph},
  author = {Masuda, Naoki},
  year = {2014},
  month = jul,
  journal = {Physical Review E},
  volume = {90},
  number = {1},
  pages = {012802},
  publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
  doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.90.012802},
  urldate = {2023-09-18},
  abstract = {I examine the mean consensus time (i.e., exit time) of the voter model in the so-called two-clique graph. The two-clique graph is composed of two cliques interconnected by some links and considered as a toy model of networks with community structure or multilayer networks. I analytically show that, as the number of interclique links per node is varied, the mean consensus time experiences a crossover between a fast consensus regime [i.e., O(N)] and a slow consensus regime [i.e., O(N2)], where N is the number of nodes. The fast regime is consistent with the result for homogeneous well-mixed graphs such as the complete graph. The slow regime appears only when the entire network has O(1) interclique links. The present results suggest that the effect of community structure on the consensus time of the voter model is fairly limited.},
  keywords = {/unread},
  annotation = {23 citations (Crossref) [2023-09-25]}
}

@article{sobkowiczDiscreteModelOpinion2012,
  title = {Discrete {{Model}} of {{Opinion Changes Using Knowledge}} and {{Emotions}} as {{Control Variables}}},
  author = {Sobkowicz, Pawel},
  year = {2012},
  month = sep,
  journal = {PLOS ONE},
  volume = {7},
  number = {9},
  pages = {e44489},
  publisher = {{Public Library of Science}},
  issn = {1932-6203},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0044489},
  urldate = {2023-09-18},
  abstract = {We present a new model of opinion changes dependent on the agents emotional state and their information about the issue in question. Our goal is to construct a simple, yet nontrivial and flexible representation of individual attitude dynamics for agent based simulations, that could be used in a variety of social environments. The model is a discrete version of the cusp catastrophe model of opinion dynamics in which information is treated as the normal factor while emotional arousal (agitation level determining agent receptiveness and rationality) is treated as the splitting factor. Both variables determine the resulting agent opinion, which itself can be in favor of the studied position, against it, or neutral. Thanks to the flexibility of implementing communication between the agents, the model is potentially applicable in a wide range of situations. As an example of the model application, we study the dynamics of a set of agents communicating among themselves via messages. In the example, we chose the simplest, fully connected communication topology, to focus on the effects of the individual opinion dynamics, and to look for stable final distributions of agents with different emotions, information and opinions. Even for such simplified system, the model shows complex behavior, including phase transitions due to symmetry breaking by external propaganda.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {/unread,Agent-based modeling,Emotions,Internet,Propaganda,Social communication,Social networks,Social systems,Verbal communication},
  annotation = {25 citations (Crossref) [2023-09-25]}
}

@article{abarAgentBasedModelling2017,
	abstract = {The key intent of this work is to present a comprehensive comparative literature survey of the state-of-art in software agent-based computing technology and its incorporation within the modelling and simulation domain. The original contribution of this survey is two-fold: (1) Present a concise characterization of almost the entire spectrum of agent-based modelling and simulation tools, thereby highlighting the salient features, merits, and shortcomings of such multi-faceted application software; this article covers eighty five agent-based toolkits that may assist the system designers and developers with common tasks, such as constructing agent-based models and portraying the real-time simulation outputs in tabular/graphical formats and visual recordings. (2) Provide a usable reference that aids engineers, researchers, learners and academicians in readily selecting an appropriate agent-based modelling and simulation toolkit for designing and developing their system models and prototypes, cognizant of both their expertise and those requirements of their application domain. In a nutshell, a significant synthesis of Agent Based Modelling and Simulation (ABMS) resources has been performed in this review that stimulates further investigation into this topic.},
	annotation = {357 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Abar, Sameera and Theodoropoulos, Georgios K. and Lemarinier, Pierre and O'Hare, Gregory M. P.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cosrev.2017.03.001},
	issn = {1574-0137},
	journal = {Computer Science Review},
	keywords = {Agent Based Modelling and Simulation (ABMS) tools,Artificial life / social science simulations,Modelling complex systems,Multi-agent computing,Software agent,Swarm intelligence},
	langid = {english},
	month = may,
	pages = {13--33},
	shorttitle = {Agent {{Based Modelling}} and {{Simulation}} Tools},
	title = {Agent {{Based Modelling}} and {{Simulation}} Tools: {{A}} Review of the State-of-Art Software},
	urldate = {2023-02-18},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosrev.2017.03.001}}

@article{abeCuspSingularityMean2017,
	abstract = {The entropy of the Ising model in the mean field approximation is derived by the Hamilton\textendash Jacobi formalism. We consider a grand canonical ensemble with respect to the temperature and the external magnetic field. A cusp arises at the critical point, which shows a simple and new geometrical aspect of this model. In an educational sense, this curve with a cusp helps students acquire a more intuitive view of statistical phase transitions.},
	author = {Abe, Yayoi and Ishida, Muneyuki and Nozawa, Erika and Ootsuka, Takayoshi and Yahagi, Ryoko},
	doi = {10.1088/1361-6404/aa82fc},
	issn = {0143-0807},
	journal = {European Journal of Physics},
	langid = {english},
	month = oct,
	number = {6},
	pages = {065102},
	publisher = {{IOP Publishing}},
	title = {Cusp Singularity in Mean Field {{Ising}} Model},
	urldate = {2023-08-21},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/aa82fc}}

@article{abramsNaturePredationPrey2000,
	annotation = {492 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Abrams, Peter A. and Ginzburg, Lev R. and Abrams, Peter A. and Ginzburg, Lev R. and Abrams, Peter A. and Ginzburg, Lev R.},
	doi = {10.1016/S0169-5347(00)01908-X},
	issn = {0169-5347},
	journal = {Trends in Ecology \& Evolution},
	keywords = {Ecology,Evolution,Food chain,Functional response,Mathematical model,Numerical response,Predation,Prey dependence,Ratio dependence},
	langid = {english},
	month = aug,
	number = {8},
	pages = {337--341},
	pmid = {10884706},
	publisher = {{Elsevier}},
	shorttitle = {The Nature of Predation},
	title = {The Nature of Predation: Prey Dependent, Ratio Dependent or Neither?},
	urldate = {2023-02-20},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2000},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(00)01908-X}}

@incollection{abrahamCuspoidalNets1991,
  title = {Cuspoidal {{Nets}}},
  booktitle = {Business {{Cycles}}: {{Theories}}, {{Evidence}} and {{Analysis}}},
  author = {Abraham, Ralph},
  editor = {Thygesen, Niels and Velupillai, Kumaraswamy and Zambelli, Stefano},
  year = {1991},
  series = {International {{Economic Association}}},
  pages = {56--63},
  publisher = {{Palgrave Macmillan UK}},
  address = {{London}},
  doi = {10.1007/978-1-349-11570-9_3},
  urldate = {2023-09-12},
  abstract = {The ubiquitous cusp catastrophe has been pressed into service by Zeeman as a rough qualitative model for many dynamical systems in the sciences, including a democratic nation. The extension to two nations has been made by Kadyrov, who discovered an interesting oscillation in this context. Here we speculate on the properties of connectionist networks of cusps, which might be used to model social and economic systems.},
  isbn = {978-1-349-11570-9},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {/unread}
}

@article{castroArtificialImmuneSystems2003,
  title = {Artificial Immune Systems as a Novel Soft Computing Paradigm},
  author = {de Castro, L. N. and Timmis, J. I.},
  year = {2003},
  month = aug,
  journal = {Soft Computing},
  volume = {7},
  number = {8},
  pages = {526--544},
  issn = {1432-7643},
  doi = {10.1007/s00500-002-0237-z},
  urldate = {2023-09-12},
  abstract = {Artificial immune systems (AIS) can be defined as computational systems inspired by theoretical immunology, observed immune functions, principles and mechanisms in order to solve problems. Their development and application domains follow those of soft computing paradigms such as artificial neural networks (ANN), evolutionary algorithms (EA) and fuzzy systems (FS). Despite some isolated efforts, the field of AIS still lacks an adequate framework for design, interpretation and application. This paper proposes one such framework, discusses the suitability of AIS as a novel soft computing paradigm and reviews those works from the literature that integrate AIS with other approaches, focusing ANN, EA and FS. Similarities and differences between AIS and each of the other approaches are outlined. New trends on how to create hybrids of these paradigms and what could be the benefits of this hybridization are also presented.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {/unread,Artificial immune systems,Framework,Hybrid intelligent systems,Survey of hybrids},
  annotation = {315 citations (Crossref) [2023-09-25]}
}

@article{dekkerCascadingTransitionsClimate2018,
  title = {Cascading Transitions in the Climate System},
  author = {Dekker, Mark M. and {von der Heydt}, Anna S. and Dijkstra, Henk A.},
  year = {2018},
  month = nov,
  journal = {Earth System Dynamics},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1243--1260},
  publisher = {{Copernicus GmbH}},
  issn = {2190-4979},
  doi = {10.5194/esd-9-1243-2018},
  urldate = {2023-09-12},
  abstract = {We introduce a framework of cascading tipping, i.e. a sequence of abrupt transitions occurring because a transition in one subsystem changes the background conditions for another subsystem. A mathematical framework of elementary deterministic cascading tipping points in autonomous dynamical systems is presented containing the double-fold, fold{\textendash}Hopf, Hopf{\textendash}fold and double-Hopf as the most generic cases. Statistical indicators which can be used as early warning indicators of cascading tipping events in stochastic, non-stationary systems are suggested. The concept of cascading tipping is illustrated through a conceptual model of the coupled North Atlantic Ocean {\textendash} El Ni{\~n}o{\textendash}Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system, demonstrating the possibility of such cascading events in the climate system.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {/unread},
  annotation = {31 citations (Crossref) [2023-09-25]}
}

@article{hoffmannTeachableNeuralNetwork1986,
  title = {A Teachable Neural Network Based on an Unorthodox Neuron},
  author = {Hoffmann, Geoffrey W and Benson, Maurice W and Bree, Geoffrey M and Kinahan, Paul E},
  year = {1986},
  month = oct,
  journal = {Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena},
  series = {Proceedings of the {{Fifth Annual International Conference}}},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {233--246},
  issn = {0167-2789},
  doi = {10.1016/0167-2789(86)90243-5},
  urldate = {2023-09-12},
  abstract = {The analogy between the immune system network and the central nervous system network is the basis for the formulation of an unorthodox neural network model. A variation of a mathematical model that was developed for the immune system network is interpreted in the context of the central nervous system. This model involves a hypothetical neuron that exhibits hysteresis. The mathematical model of a network of N neurons is a system of N coupled ordinary differential equations that has almost 2N attractors. Numerical experiments are described that show it is possible to ``teach'' such a system to exhibit prespecified stimulus-response behavior, without the occurrence of changes in synaptic connection strengths. The learned information in this system resides in an N-dimensional state vector rather than in the N2 strengths of connections between neurons, which are held fixed. For the purposes of artificial intelligence applications, it is therefore possible to use synaptic connection matrices that have special symmetry properties, and for which rapid convolution computational techniques are applicable.},
  keywords = {/unread},
  annotation = {2 citations (Crossref) [2023-09-25]}
}

@article{izhikevichMultipleCuspBifurcations1This1998,
  title = {Multiple Cusp {{bifurcations1This}} Paper Received the {{SIAM Award}} as the Best Student Paper in Applied Mathematics in 1995. {{It}} Was Written While the Author Was a Graduate Student at Department of {{Mathematics}}, {{Michigan State University}}, and Was Supported in Part by {{NSF}} Grant {{DMS}} 9206677.{{12This}} Work Could Not Be Accomplished without {{Dr}}. {{Frank Hoppensteadt}}. {{I}} Am Very Grateful for All Kinds of Investments He Made in Me and My Research.{{23This}} Paper Is Dedicated to {{Frank C}}. {{Hoppensteadt}} on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday.3},
  author = {Izhikevich, Eugene M.},
  year = {1998},
  month = apr,
  journal = {Neural Networks},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {495--508},
  issn = {0893-6080},
  doi = {10.1016/S0893-6080(97)00117-2},
  urldate = {2023-09-12},
  abstract = {The cusp bifurcation provides one of the simplest routes leading to bistability and hysteresis in neuron dynamics. We show that weakly connected networks of neurons near cusp bifurcations that satisfy a certain adaptation condition have quite interesting and complicated dynamics. First, we prove that any such network can be transformed into a canonical model by an appropriate continuous change of variables. Then we show that the canonical model can operate as a multiple attractor neural network or as a globally asymptotically stable neural network depending on the choice of parameters.},
  keywords = {/unread,Bistability of perception,Canonical models,Hebbian learning,Multiple cusp bifurcations,Multiple pitchfork bifurcations,Weakly connected neural networks},
  annotation = {7 citations (Crossref) [2023-09-25]}
}

@article{kloseEmergenceCascadingDynamics2020,
  title = {Emergence of Cascading Dynamics in Interacting Tipping Elements of Ecology and Climate},
  author = {Klose, Ann Kristin and Karle, Volker and Winkelmann, Ricarda and Donges, Jonathan F.},
  year = {2020},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Royal Society Open Science},
  volume = {7},
  number = {6},
  pages = {200599},
  publisher = {{Royal Society}},
  doi = {10.1098/rsos.200599},
  urldate = {2023-09-12},
  abstract = {In ecology, climate and other fields, (sub)systems have been identified that can transition into a qualitatively different state when a critical threshold or tipping point in a driving process is crossed. An understanding of those tipping elements is of great interest given the increasing influence of humans on the biophysical Earth system. Complex interactions exist between tipping elements, e.g. physical mechanisms connect subsystems of the climate system. Based on earlier work on such coupled nonlinear systems, we systematically assessed the qualitative long-term behaviour of interacting tipping elements. We developed an understanding of the consequences of interactions on the tipping behaviour allowing for tipping cascades to emerge under certain conditions. The (narrative) application of these qualitative results to real-world examples of interacting tipping elements indicates that tipping cascades with profound consequences may occur: the interacting Greenland ice sheet and thermohaline ocean circulation might tip before the tipping points of the isolated subsystems are crossed. The eutrophication of the first lake in a lake chain might propagate through the following lakes without a crossing of their individual critical nutrient input levels. The possibility of emerging cascading tipping dynamics calls for the development of a unified theory of interacting tipping elements and the quantitative analysis of interacting real-world tipping elements.},
  keywords = {/unread,critical threshold,Earth system,eutrophication,hysteresis,tipping cascade,tipping point},
  annotation = {29 citations (Crossref) [2023-09-25]}
}

@article{vonderheydtCascadingTransitionsClimate2019,
  title = {Cascading Transitions in the Climate System},
  author = {{von der Heydt}, Anna and Dekker, Mark and Dijkstra, Henk},
  year = {2019},
  month = apr,
  pages = {10435},
  urldate = {2023-09-12},
  abstract = {A number of tipping elements in the Earth system have been identified among which the oceanic meridional overturning circulation. Here, we focus on the impact of the threshold behaviour of this large-scale subsystem on other coupled climate subsystems. We introduce a framework of (directionally) coupled tipping elements exhibiting \{cascading tipping\}, i.e. a sequence of abrupt transitions as tipping in one subsystem changes the background conditions for another subsystem. A mathematical framework of elementary deterministic cascading tipping points in autonomous dynamical systems is presented containing the double-fold, fold-Hopf, Hopf-fold and double-Hopf as the most generic cases. The potential of cascading tipping in the climate system is illustrated through conceptual models of the ocean circulation coupled to (i) the El Ni{\~n}o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system and (ii) the Antarctic land ice sheet. Reference M. M. Dekker, A. S. von der Heydt and H. A. Dijkstra, Cascading transitions in the climate system, Earth Syst. Dynam., 9, 1243-1260 (2018). {\textbackslash}url\{https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-1243-2018\}},
  keywords = {/unread,⛔ No DOI found},
  annotation = {ADS Bibcode: 2019EGUGA..2110435V}
}

@article{abrahamComputationalUnfoldingDoublecusp1991,
  title = {Computational Unfolding of Double-Cusp Models of Opinion Formation},
  author = {Abraham, Ralph and Keith, Alexander and Koebbe, Matthew and {Mayer-Kress}, Gottfried},
  year = {1991},
  month = jun,
  journal = {International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos},
  volume = {01},
  number = {02},
  pages = {417--430},
  publisher = {{World Scientific Publishing Co.}},
  issn = {0218-1274},
  doi = {10.1142/S0218127491000324},
  urldate = {2023-09-12},
  abstract = {In 1975, Isnard and Zeeman proposed a cusp catastrophe model for the polarization of a social group, such as the population of a democratic nation. Ten years later, Kadyrov combined two of these cusps into a model for the opinion dynamics of two "nonsocialist" nations. This is a nongradient dynamical system, more general than the double-cusp catastrophe studied by Callahan and Sashin [1987]. Here, we present a computational study of the nongradient double cusp, in which the degeneracy of Kadyrov's model is unfolded in codimension eight. Also, we develop a discrete-time cusp model, study the corresponding double cusp, establish its equivalence to the continuous-time double cusp, and discuss some potential applications. We find bifurcations for multiple critical-point attractors, periodic attractors, and (for the discrete case) bifurcations to quasiperiodic and chaotic attractors.},
  keywords = {/unread},
  annotation = {15 citations (Crossref) [2023-09-25]}
}

@article{acebronKuramotoModelSimple2005,
	abstract = {Synchronization phenomena in large populations of interacting elements are the subject of intense research efforts in physical, biological, chemical, and social systems. A successful approach to the problem of synchronization consists of modeling each member of the population as a phase oscillator. In this review, synchronization is analyzed in one of the most representative models of coupled phase oscillators, the Kuramoto model. A rigorous mathematical treatment, specific numerical methods, and many variations and extensions of the original model that have appeared in the last few years are presented. Relevant applications of the model in different contexts are also included.},
	annotation = {2263 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Acebr{\'o}n, Juan A. and Bonilla, L. L. and P{\'e}rez Vicente, Conrad J. and Ritort, F{\'e}lix and Spigler, Renato},
	doi = {10.1103/RevModPhys.77.137},
	journal = {Reviews of Modern Physics},
	month = apr,
	number = {1},
	pages = {137--185},
	publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
	shorttitle = {The {{Kuramoto}} Model},
	title = {The {{Kuramoto}} Model: {{A}} Simple Paradigm for Synchronization Phenomena},
	urldate = {2023-03-15},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2005},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.77.137}}

@book{ainsworthPatternsAttachmentPsychological2015,
	abstract = {Ethological attachment theory is a landmark of 20th century social and behavioral sciences theory and research. This new paradigm for understanding primary relationships across the lifespan evolved from John Bowlby's critique of psychoanalytic drive theory and his own clinical observations, supplemented by his knowledge of fields as diverse as primate ethology, control systems theory, and cognitive psychology. By the time he had written the first volume of his classic Attachment and Loss trilogy, Mary D. Salter Ainsworth's naturalistic observations in Uganda and Baltimore, and her theoretical and descriptive insights about maternal care and the secure base phenomenon had become integral to attachment theory.  Patterns of Attachment reports the methods and key results of Ainsworth's landmark Baltimore Longitudinal Study. Following upon her naturalistic home observations in Uganda, the Baltimore project yielded a wealth of enduring, benchmark results on the nature of the child's tie to its primary caregiver and the importance of early experience. It also addressed a wide range of conceptual and methodological issues common to many developmental and longitudinal projects, especially issues of age appropriate assessment, quantifying behavior, and comprehending individual differences. In addition, Ainsworth and her students broke new ground, clarifying and defining new concepts, demonstrating the value of the ethological methods and insights about behavior. Today, as we enter the fourth generation of attachment study, we have a rich and growing catalogue of behavioral and narrative approaches to measuring attachment from infancy to adulthood. Each of them has roots in the Strange Situation and the secure base concept presented in Patterns of Attachment. It inclusion in the Psychology Press Classic Editions series reflects Patterns of Attachment's continuing significance and insures its availability to new generations of students, researchers, and clinicians.},
	address = {{New York}},
	author = {Ainsworth, Mary D. Salter and Blehar, Mary C. and Waters, Everett and Wall, Sally N.},
	doi = {10.4324/9780203758045},
	isbn = {978-0-203-75804-5},
	month = jul,
	publisher = {{Psychology Press}},
	shorttitle = {Patterns of {{Attachment}}},
	title = {Patterns of {{Attachment}}: {{A Psychological Study}} of the {{Strange Situation}}},
	year = {2015},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203758045}}

@article{alderisioEntrainmentSynchronizationNetworks2016,
	abstract = {We analyze a network of non-identical Rayleigh\textendash van der Pol (RvdP) oscillators interconnected through either diffusive or nonlinear coupling functions. The work presented here extends existing results on the case of two nonlinearly coupled RvdP oscillators to the problem of considering a network of three or more of them. Specifically, we study synchronization and entrainment in networks of heterogeneous RvdP oscillators and contrast the effects of diffusive linear coupling strategies with the nonlinear Haken\textendash Kelso\textendash Bunz coupling, originally introduced to study human bimanual experiments. We show how convergence of the error among the nodes' trajectories toward a bounded region is possible with both linear and nonlinear coupling functions. Under the assumption that the network is connected, simple, and undirected, analytical results are obtained to prove boundedness of the error when the oscillators are coupled diffusively. All results are illustrated by way of numerical examples and compared with the experimental findings available in the literature on synchronization of people rocking chairs, confirming the effectiveness of the model we propose to capture some of the features of human group synchronization observed experimentally in the previous literature.},
	annotation = {19 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Alderisio, Francesco and Bardy, Beno{\^\i}t G. and {di Bernardo}, Mario},
	doi = {10.1007/s00422-016-0685-7},
	issn = {1432-0770},
	journal = {Biological Cybernetics},
	langid = {english},
	month = jun,
	number = {2},
	pages = {151--169},
	title = {Entrainment and Synchronization in Networks of {{Rayleigh}}\textendash van Der {{Pol}} Oscillators with Diffusive and {{Haken}}\textendash{{Kelso}}\textendash{{Bunz}} Couplings},
	urldate = {2023-02-13},
	volume = {110},
	year = {2016},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-016-0685-7}}

@article{alexanderExaminationLeastsquaresRegression1992,
	abstract = {Although catastrophe theory appears to have substantial heuristic value in many areas of psychology, its acceptance has, to some extent, been hampered by the lack of a well-developed analytic framework. Two recent articles by S. J. Guastello (1987, 1988) suggest that a change-score least-squares regression model provides a method for testing catastrophe theory models. This article reviews these regression analysis procedures. The problems in the approach are detailed, then demonstrated with computer-generated data sets. The results show that such regression approaches cannot adequately distinguish between data that has arisen from a true catastrophe model and data from a true linear model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {34 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Alexander, Ralph A. and Herbert, Glenn R. and DeShon, Richard P. and Hanges, Paul J.},
	doi = {10.1037/0033-2909.111.2.366},
	issn = {1939-1455},
	journal = {Psychological Bulletin},
	keywords = {Hypothesis Testing,Least Squares},
	pages = {366--374},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	title = {An Examination of Least-Squares Regression Modeling of Catastrophe Theory},
	volume = {111},
	year = {1992},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.111.2.366}}

@article{almaatouqAdaptiveSocialNetworks2020,
	abstract = {Social networks continuously change as new ties are created and existing ones fade. It is widely acknowledged that our social embedding has a substantial impact on what information we receive and how we form beliefs and make decisions. However, most empirical studies on the role of social networks in collective intelligence have overlooked the dynamic nature of social networks and its role in fostering adaptive collective intelligence. Therefore, little is known about how groups of individuals dynamically modify their local connections and, accordingly, the topology of the network of interactions to respond to changing environmental conditions. In this paper, we address this question through a series of behavioral experiments and supporting simulations. Our results reveal that, in the presence of plasticity and feedback, social networks can adapt to biased and changing information environments and produce collective estimates that are more accurate than their best-performing member. To explain these results, we explore two mechanisms: 1) a global-adaptation mechanism where the structural connectivity of the network itself changes such that it amplifies the estimates of high-performing members within the group (i.e., the network ``edges'' encode the computation); and 2) a local-adaptation mechanism where accurate individuals are more resistant to social influence (i.e., adjustments to the attributes of the ``node'' in the network); therefore, their initial belief is disproportionately weighted in the collective estimate. Our findings substantiate the role of social-network plasticity and feedback as key adaptive mechanisms for refining individual and collective judgments.},
	annotation = {70 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Almaatouq, Abdullah and {Noriega-Campero}, Alejandro and Alotaibi, Abdulrahman and Krafft, P. M. and Moussaid, Mehdi and Pentland, Alex},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1917687117},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	month = may,
	number = {21},
	pages = {11379--11386},
	publisher = {{Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}},
	title = {Adaptive Social Networks Promote the Wisdom of Crowds},
	urldate = {2023-05-16},
	volume = {117},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917687117}}

@incollection{andersonEightfoldWayTheory1999,
	author = {Anderson, Philip W.},
	booktitle = {Complexity: Metaphors, Models, and Reality},
	editor = {Cowan, G. and Pines, D. and Meltzer, D.},
	pages = {7--16},
	publisher = {{Perseus Books}},
	shorttitle = {The {{Eightfold Way}} to the {{Theory}} of {{Complexity}}},
	title = {The {{Eightfold Way}} to the {{Theory}} of {{Complexity}}: {{A Prologue}}},
	year = {1999}}

@article{andersonMoreDifferent1972,
	annotation = {2192 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Anderson, Philip W.},
	doi = {10.1126/science.177.4047.393},
	journal = {Science},
	month = aug,
	number = {4047},
	pages = {393--396},
	publisher = {{American Association for the Advancement of Science}},
	title = {More {{Is Different}}},
	urldate = {2023-06-10},
	volume = {177},
	year = {1972},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1126/science.177.4047.393}}

@article{andersonPerspectiveComplexityTheory1999,
	abstract = {Complex organizations exhibit surprising, nonlinear behavior. Although organization scientists have studied complex organizations for many years, a developing set of conceptual and computational tools makes possible new approaches to modeling nonlinear interactions within and between organizations. Complex adaptive system models represent a genuinely new way of simplifying the complex. They are characterized by four key elements: agents with schemata, self-organizing networks sustained by importing energy, coevolution to the edge of chaos, and system evolution based on recombination. New types of models that incorporate these elements will push organization science forward by merging empirical observation with computational agent-based simulation. Applying complex adaptive systems models to strategic management leads to an emphasis on building systems that can rapidly evolve effective adaptive solutions. Strategic direction of complex organizations consists of establishing and modifying environments within which effective, improvised, self-organized solutions can evolve. Managers influence strategic behavior by altering the fitness landscape for local agents and reconfiguring the organizational architecture within which agents adapt.},
	annotation = {1117 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Anderson, Philip W.},
	doi = {10.1287/orsc.10.3.216},
	issn = {1047-7039},
	journal = {Organization Science},
	keywords = {complexity theory,organizational evolution,strategic management},
	month = jun,
	number = {3},
	pages = {216--232},
	publisher = {{INFORMS}},
	shorttitle = {Perspective},
	title = {Perspective: {{Complexity Theory}} and {{Organization Science}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-18},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1999},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.10.3.216}}

@misc{arnaudMixtureModellingScratch2021,
	abstract = {From K-means to Gaussian Mixture Modelling, condensed in a few lines of code},
	author = {Arnaud, M},
	howpublished = {https://towardsdatascience.com/mixture-modelling-from-scratch-in-r-5ab7bfc83eef},
	journal = {Medium},
	langid = {english},
	month = mar,
	title = {Mixture Modelling from Scratch, in {{R}}},
	urldate = {2023-01-28},
	year = {2021}}

@article{ashbyIntroductionCybernetics1956,
	abstract = {Opinions are deeply divided on cybernetics. Some of its exponents see it as a major integrative study basic to physics, biology, psychology, sociology and economics; its critics express doubt as to whether it has contributed significantly to any field of study outside of telecommunication. Dr. Ashby's book should assist considerably in enabling an assessment of the potentialities of cybernetics...},
	author = {Ashby, W. R.},
	journal = {An introduction to cybernetics.},
	keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
	langid = {english},
	publisher = {{Chapman \& Hail Ltd., London}},
	title = {An Introduction to Cybernetics.},
	urldate = {2023-02-15},
	year = {1956}}

@article{attwellNeuralBasisFunctional2002,
	abstract = {The haemodynamic responses to neural activity that underlie the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal used in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the brain are often assumed to be driven by energy use, particularly in presynaptic terminals or glia. However, recent work has suggested that most brain energy is used to power postsynaptic currents and action potentials rather than presynaptic or glial activity and, furthermore, that haemodynamic responses are driven by neurotransmitter-related signalling and not directly by the local energy needs of the brain. A firm understanding of the BOLD response will require investigation to be focussed on the neural signalling mechanisms controlling blood flow rather than on the locus of energy use.},
	annotation = {681 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Attwell, David and Iadecola, Costantino},
	doi = {10.1016/S0166-2236(02)02264-6},
	issn = {0166-2236},
	journal = {Trends in Neurosciences},
	keywords = {amine,BOLD,cerebral blood flow,Energy,fMRI,glutamate},
	langid = {english},
	month = dec,
	number = {12},
	pages = {621--625},
	title = {The Neural Basis of Functional Brain Imaging Signals},
	urldate = {2023-01-05},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2002},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2236(02)02264-6}}

@article{axelrodDisseminationCultureModel1997,
	abstract = {Despite tendencies toward convergence, differences between individuals and groups continue to exist in beliefs, attitudes, and behavior. An agent-based adaptive model reveals the effects of a mechanism of convergent social influence. The actors are placed at fixed sites. The basic premise is that the more similar an actor is to a neighbor, the more likely that that actor will adopt one of the neighbor's traits. Unlike previous models of social influence or cultural change that treat features one at a time, the proposed model takes into account the interaction between different features. The model illustrates how local convergence can generate global polarization. Simulations show that the number of stable homogeneous regions decreases with the number of features, increases with the number of alternative traits per feature, decreases with the range of interaction, and (most surprisingly) decreases when the geographic territory grows beyond a certain size.},
	annotation = {1179 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Axelrod, Robert},
	doi = {10.1177/0022002797041002001},
	issn = {0022-0027},
	journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	langid = {english},
	month = apr,
	number = {2},
	pages = {203--226},
	publisher = {{SAGE Publications Inc}},
	shorttitle = {The {{Dissemination}} of {{Culture}}},
	title = {The {{Dissemination}} of {{Culture}}: {{A Model}} with {{Local Convergence}} and {{Global Polarization}}},
	urldate = {2023-04-09},
	volume = {41},
	year = {1997},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002797041002001}}

@article{ayersApplicationChaosTheory1997,
	abstract = {Chaos theory has successfully explained various phenomena in the natural sciences and has subsequently been heralded by some as the new paradigm for science. Chaos and its concepts are beginning to be applied to psychology by researchers from cognitive, developmental and clinical psychology. This paper seeks to provide an overview of this work and evaluate the application of chaos to psychology. Chaos is briefly explained before existing applications of chaos in psychology and possible implications are examined. Finally, problems of applying chaos are evaluated and conclusions drawn regarding the usefulness of chaos in psychology.},
	annotation = {33 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Ayers, Susan},
	doi = {10.1177/0959354397073005},
	journal = {Theory \& Psychology},
	month = jun,
	pages = {373},
	title = {The {{Application}} of {{Chaos Theory}} to {{Psychology}}},
	volume = {7},
	year = {1997},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0959354397073005}}

@article{bakSelforganizedCriticality1988,
	abstract = {We show that certain extended dissipative dynamical systems naturally evolve into a critical state, with no characteristic time or length scales. The temporal ``fingerprint'' of the self-organized critical state is the presence of flicker noise or 1/f noise; its spatial signature is the emergence of scale-invariant (fractal) structure.},
	annotation = {3310 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Bak, Per and Tang, Chao and Wiesenfeld, Kurt},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.38.364},
	journal = {Physical Review A},
	month = jul,
	number = {1},
	pages = {364--374},
	publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
	title = {Self-Organized Criticality},
	urldate = {2023-05-02},
	volume = {38},
	year = {1988},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.38.364}}

@article{banksDevaneyDefinitionChaos1992,
	annotation = {246 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Banks, J. and Brooks, J. and Cairns, G. and Davis, G. and Stacey, P.},
	doi = {10.1080/00029890.1992.11995856},
	issn = {0002-9890},
	journal = {The American Mathematical Monthly},
	month = apr,
	number = {4},
	pages = {332--334},
	publisher = {{Taylor \& Francis}},
	title = {On {{Devaney}}'s {{Definition}} of {{Chaos}}},
	urldate = {2023-07-05},
	volume = {99},
	year = {1992},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00029890.1992.11995856}}

@book{barabasiNetworkScience2016,
	abstract = {Networks are everywhere, from the internet, to social networks, and the genetic networks that determine our biological existence. Illustrated throughout in full colour, this pioneering textbook, spanning a wide range of topics from physics to computer science, engineering, economics and the social sciences, introduces network science to an interdisciplinary audience. From the origins of the six degrees of separation to explaining why networks are robust to random failures, the author explores how viruses like Ebola and H1N1 spread, and why it is that our friends have more friends than we do. Using numerous real-world examples, this innovatively designed text includes clear delineation between undergraduate and graduate level material. The mathematical formulas and derivations are included within Advanced Topics sections, enabling use at a range of levels. Extensive online resources, including films and software for network analysis, make this a multifaceted companion for anyone with an interest in network science.},
	address = {{Cambridge, United Kingdom}},
	author = {Barab{\'a}si, Albert-L{\'a}szl{\'o} and P{\'o}sfai, M{\'a}rton},
	edition = {1st edition},
	isbn = {978-1-107-07626-6},
	langid = {english},
	month = aug,
	publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
	title = {Network {{Science}}},
	year = {2016}}

@article{barbaroTerritorialDevelopmentsBased2013,
	abstract = {We study the well-known sociological phenomenon of gang aggregation and territory formation through an interacting agent system defined on a lattice. We introduce a two-gang Hamiltonian model where agents have red or blue affiliation but are otherwise indistinguishable. In this model, all interactions are indirect and occur only via graffiti markings, on-site as well as on nearest neighbor locations. We also allow for gang proliferation and graffiti suppression. Within the context of this model, we show that gang clustering and territory formation may arise under specific parameter choices and that a phase transition may occur between well-mixed, possibly dilute configurations and well separated, clustered ones. Using methods from statistical mechanics, we study the phase transition between these two qualitatively different scenarios. In the mean-fields rendition of this model, we identify parameter regimes where the transition is first or second order. In all cases, we have found that the transitions are a consequence solely of the gang to graffiti couplings, implying that direct gang to gang interactions are not strictly necessary for gang territory formation; in particular, graffiti may be the sole driving force behind gang clustering. We further discuss possible sociological\textemdash as well as ecological\textemdash ramifications of our results.},
	annotation = {12 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Barbaro, Alethea B. T. and Chayes, Lincoln and D'Orsogna, Maria R.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.physa.2012.08.001},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	keywords = {Phase transitions,Spin systems,Territorial formation},
	langid = {english},
	number = {1},
	pages = {252--270},
	publisher = {{Elsevier}},
	shorttitle = {Territorial Developments Based on Graffiti},
	title = {Territorial Developments Based on Graffiti: {{A}} Statistical Mechanics Approach},
	urldate = {2023-05-19},
	volume = {392},
	year = {2013},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2012.08.001}}

@book{barceloFundamentalsTrafficSimulation2010,
	address = {{New York, NY}},
	doi = {10.1007/978-1-4419-6142-6},
	editor = {Barcel{\'o}, Jaume},
	isbn = {978-1-4419-6141-9 978-1-4419-6142-6},
	langid = {english},
	publisher = {{Springer New York}},
	series = {International {{Series}} in {{Operations Research}} \& {{Management Science}}},
	title = {Fundamentals of {{Traffic Simulation}}},
	urldate = {2023-01-07},
	volume = {145},
	year = {2010},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6142-6}}

@article{barnettWhenWhereWe2002,
	abstract = {Despite a century's worth of research, arguments surrounding the question of whether far transfer occurs have made little progress toward resolution. The authors argue the reason for this confusion is a failure to specify various dimensions along which transfer can occur, resulting in comparisons of "apples and oranges." They provide a framework that describes 9 relevant dimensions and show that the literature can productively be classified along these dimensions, with each study situated at the intersection of various dimensions. Estimation of a single effect size for far transfer is misguided in view of this complexity. The past 100 years of research shows that evidence for transfer under some conditions is substantial, but critical conditions for many key questions are untested. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {946 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Barnett, Susan M. and Ceci, Stephen J.},
	doi = {10.1037/0033-2909.128.4.612},
	issn = {1939-1455},
	journal = {Psychological Bulletin},
	keywords = {Generalization (Learning),Knowledge Level,Taxonomies,Transfer (Learning)},
	pages = {612--637},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	shorttitle = {When and Where Do We Apply What We Learn?},
	title = {When and Where Do We Apply What We Learn?: {{A}} Taxonomy for Far Transfer},
	volume = {128},
	year = {2002},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.4.612}}

@article{bartonChaosSelfOrganizationPsychology1994,
	annotation = {186 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Barton, Scott},
	doi = {10.1037/0003-066X.49.1.5},
	journal = {American Psychologist},
	langid = {english},
	title = {Chaos, {{Self-Organization}}, and {{Psychology}}},
	year = {1994},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.49.1.5}}

@book{bascompteMutualisticNetworks2013,
	abstract = {Mutualistic interactions among plants and animals have played a paramount role in shaping biodiversity. Yet the majority of studies on mutualistic interactions have involved only a few species, as opposed to broader mutual connections between communities of organisms. Mutualistic Networks is the first book to comprehensively explore this burgeoning field. Integrating different approaches, from the statistical description of network structures to the development of new analytical frameworks, Jordi Bascompte and Pedro Jordano describe the architecture of these mutualistic networks and show their importance for the robustness of biodiversity and the coevolutionary process. Making a case for why we should care about mutualisms and their complex networks, this book offers a new perspective on the study and synthesis of this growing area for ecologists and evolutionary biologists. It will serve as the standard reference for all future work on mutualistic interactions in biological communities.},
	author = {Bascompte, Jordi and Jordano, Pedro},
	googlebooks = {52SYDwAAQBAJ},
	isbn = {978-0-691-13126-9},
	keywords = {Science / Life Sciences / Biology,Science / Life Sciences / Botany,Science / Life Sciences / Ecology,Science / Life Sciences / Evolution,Science / Life Sciences / Zoology / General},
	langid = {english},
	month = dec,
	publisher = {{Princeton University Press}},
	title = {Mutualistic {{Networks}}},
	year = {2013}}

@article{battistonPhysicsHigherorderInteractions2021,
	abstract = {Complex networks have become the main paradigm for modelling the dynamics of interacting systems. However, networks are intrinsically limited to describing pairwise interactions, whereas real-world systems are often characterized by higher-order interactions involving groups of three or more units. Higher-order structures, such as hypergraphs and simplicial complexes, are therefore a better tool to map the real organization of many social, biological and man-made systems. Here, we highlight recent evidence of collective behaviours induced by higher-order interactions, and we outline three key challenges for the physics of higher-order systems.},
	annotation = {151 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Battiston, Federico and Amico, Enrico and Barrat, Alain and Bianconi, Ginestra and {Ferraz de Arruda}, Guilherme and Franceschiello, Benedetta and Iacopini, Iacopo and K{\'e}fi, Sonia and Latora, Vito and Moreno, Yamir and Murray, Micah M. and Peixoto, Tiago P. and Vaccarino, Francesco and Petri, Giovanni},
	copyright = {2021 Springer Nature Limited},
	doi = {10.1038/s41567-021-01371-4},
	issn = {1745-2481},
	journal = {Nature Physics},
	keywords = {Applied mathematics,Complex networks,Information theory and computation},
	langid = {english},
	month = oct,
	number = {10},
	pages = {1093--1098},
	publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
	title = {The Physics of Higher-Order Interactions in Complex Systems},
	urldate = {2023-05-25},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-021-01371-4}}

@article{baumannModelingEchoChambers2020,
	abstract = {BAUMANN, FABIAN...  Modeling Echo Chambers and Polarization Dynamics in Social Networks. Physical Review Letters 124 n.4 p.  JAN 27 2020. Journal article.},
	annotation = {143 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Baumann, Fabian and {Lorenz-Spreen}, Philipp and Sokolov, Igor M. and Starnini, Michele},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.048301},
	issn = {0031-9007},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	langid = {english},
	number = {4},
	title = {Modeling {{Echo Chambers}} and {{Polarization Dynamics}} in {{Social Networks}}},
	urldate = {2023-05-18},
	volume = {124},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.048301}}

@article{bechtelExplanationMechanistAlternative2005,
	abstract = {Explanations in the life sciences frequently involve presenting a model of the mechanism taken to be responsible for a given phenomenon. Such explanations depart in numerous ways from nomological explanations commonly presented in philosophy of science. This paper focuses on three sorts of differences. First, scientists who develop mechanistic explanations are not limited to linguistic representations and logical inference; they frequently employ diagrams to characterize mechanisms and simulations to reason about them. Thus, the epistemic resources for presenting mechanistic explanations are considerably richer than those suggested by a nomological framework. Second, the fact that mechanisms involve organized systems of component parts and operations provides direction to both the discovery and testing of mechanistic explanations. Finally, models of mechanisms are developed for specific exemplars and are not represented in terms of universally quantified statements. Generalization involves investigating both the similarity of new exemplars to those already studied and the variations between them.},
	annotation = {623 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Bechtel, William and Abrahamsen, Adele},
	doi = {10.1016/j.shpsc.2005.03.010},
	issn = {1369-8486},
	journal = {Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences},
	keywords = {Diagrams,Discovery,Generalization,Mechanistic explanation,Simulation},
	langid = {english},
	month = jun,
	number = {2},
	pages = {421--441},
	series = {Mechanisms in Biology},
	shorttitle = {Explanation},
	title = {Explanation: A Mechanist Alternative},
	urldate = {2023-04-14},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2005},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsc.2005.03.010}}

@article{bedardDoesFrequencyScaling2006,
	abstract = {Many complex systems display self-organized critical states characterized by 1/f frequency scaling of power spectra. Global variables such as the electroencephalogram, scale as 1/f, which could be the sign of self-organized critical states in neuronal activity. By analyzing simultaneous recordings of global and neuronal activities, we confirm the 1/f scaling of global variables for selected frequency bands, but show that neuronal activity is not consistent with critical states. We propose a model of 1/f scaling which does not rely on critical states, and which is testable experimentally.},
	annotation = {279 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {B{\'e}dard, C. and Kr{\"o}ger, H. and Destexhe, A.},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.118102},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	month = sep,
	number = {11},
	pages = {118102},
	publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
	title = {Does the \$1/F\$ {{Frequency Scaling}} of {{Brain Signals Reflect Self-Organized Critical States}}?},
	urldate = {2023-05-02},
	volume = {97},
	year = {2006},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.118102}}

@article{beekModelingRhythmicInterlimb2002,
	annotation = {79 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Beek, Peter J. and Peper, C.E and Daffertshofer, A},
	doi = {10.1006/brcg.2001.1310},
	issn = {02782626},
	journal = {Brain and Cognition},
	langid = {english},
	month = feb,
	number = {1},
	pages = {149--165},
	shorttitle = {Modeling {{Rhythmic Interlimb Coordination}}},
	title = {Modeling {{Rhythmic Interlimb Coordination}}: {{Beyond}} the {{Haken}}\textendash{{Kelso}}\textendash{{Bunz Model}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-13},
	volume = {48},
	year = {2002},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1006/brcg.2001.1310}}

@article{beekScienceJuggling1995,
	annotation = {43 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Beek, Peter J. and Lewbel, Arthur},
	doi = {10.1038/scientificamerican1195-92},
	eprint = {24982089},
	eprinttype = {jstor},
	issn = {0036-8733},
	journal = {Scientific American},
	number = {5},
	pages = {92--97},
	publisher = {{Scientific American, a division of Nature America, Inc.}},
	title = {The {{Science}} of {{Juggling}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-13},
	volume = {273},
	year = {1995},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1195-92}}

@article{bentlerEvidenceRegardingStages1970,
	abstract = {Standardization data collected for the Goldschmid-Bentler conservation scales were analyzed for evidence of continuity or discontinuity in growth of conservation skills. At younger and older age groupings the resulting total score distributions were strongly unimodal, indicative of nonconservation and conservation, respectively. In age groupings containing extremes of nonconservers as well as conservers, children's scores were not obviously trimodal as a 3-stage hypothesis would predict. The score distributions appeared continuous but were clearly not normal in nature.},
	annotation = {6 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Bentler, P. M.},
	doi = {10.2466/pms.1970.31.3.855},
	issn = {0031-5125},
	journal = {Perceptual and Motor Skills},
	month = dec,
	number = {3},
	pages = {855--859},
	publisher = {{SAGE Publications Inc}},
	title = {Evidence Regarding {{Stages}} in the {{Development}} of {{Conservation}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-19},
	volume = {31},
	year = {1970},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1970.31.3.855}}

@book{berlekampWinningWaysYour2004,
	abstract = {In the quarter of a century since three mathematicians and game theorists collaborated to create Winning Ways for Your Mathematical Plays, the book has become the definitive work on the subject of mathematical games. Now carefully revised and broken down into four volumes to accommodate new developments, the Second Edition retains the original's wealth of wit and wisdom. The authors' insightful strategies, blended with their witty and irreverent style, make reading a profitable pleasure. In Volume 4, the authors present a Diamond of a find, covering one-player games such as Solitaire.},
	address = {{New York}},
	author = {Berlekamp, Elwyn R. and Conway, John H. and Guy, Richard K.},
	doi = {10.1201/9780429487309},
	edition = {2},
	isbn = {978-0-429-48730-9},
	month = mar,
	publisher = {{A K Peters/CRC Press}},
	title = {Winning {{Ways}} for {{Your Mathematical Plays}}, {{Volume}} 4},
	year = {2004},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429487309}}

@book{bertalanffyGeneralSystemTheory1969,
	abstract = {Gathered here are Ludwig von Bertalanffy's writings on general systems theory, selected and edited to show the evolution of systems theory and to present it applications to problem solving. An attempt to formulate common laws that apply to virtually every scientific field, this conceptual approach has had a profound impact on such widely diverse disciplines as biology, economics, psychology, and demography.},
	address = {{New York, NY}},
	author = {Bertalanffy, Ludwig Von},
	edition = {Revised edition},
	isbn = {978-0-8076-0453-3},
	langid = {english},
	month = mar,
	publisher = {{George Braziller Inc.}},
	shorttitle = {General {{System Theory}}},
	title = {General {{System Theory}}: {{Foundations}}, {{Development}}, {{Applications}}},
	year = {1969}}

@article{bertschingerRealTimeComputationEdge2004,
	abstract = {Depending on the connectivity, recurrent networks of simple computational units can show very different types of dynamics, ranging from totally ordered to chaotic. We analyze how the type of dynamics (ordered or chaotic) exhibited by randomly connected networks of threshold gates driven by a time-varying input signal depends on the parameters describing the distribution of the connectivity matrix. In particular, we calculate the critical boundary in parameter space where the transition from ordered to chaotic dynamics takes place. Employing a recently developed framework for analyzing real-time computations, we show that only near the critical boundary can such networks perform complex computations on time series. Hence, this result strongly supports conjectures that dynamical systems that are capable of doing complex computational tasks should operate near the edge of chaos, that is, the transition from ordered to chaotic dynamics.},
	annotation = {496 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Bertschinger, Nils and Natschl{\"a}ger, Thomas},
	doi = {10.1162/089976604323057443},
	issn = {0899-7667},
	journal = {Neural Computation},
	month = jul,
	number = {7},
	pages = {1413--1436},
	title = {Real-{{Time Computation}} at the {{Edge}} of {{Chaos}} in {{Recurrent Neural Networks}}},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2004},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1162/089976604323057443}}

@article{bizyaevaNonlinearOpinionDynamics2023,
	annotation = {9 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Bizyaeva, Anastasia and Franci, Alessio and Leonard, Naomi Ehrich},
	doi = {10.1109/TAC.2022.3159527},
	issn = {0018-9286},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control},
	langid = {English (US)},
	month = mar,
	number = {3},
	pages = {1415--1430},
	publisher = {{Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}},
	title = {{Nonlinear Opinion Dynamics With Tunable Sensitivity}},
	urldate = {2023-06-25},
	volume = {68},
	year = {2023},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.2022.3159527}}

@article{blankenRoleStabilizingCommunicating2018,
	abstract = {Network theory, as a theoretical and methodological framework, is energizing many research fields, among which clinical psychology and psychiatry. Fundamental to the network theory of psychopathology is the role of specific symptoms and their interactions. Current statistical tools, however, fail to fully capture this constitutional property. We propose community detection tools as a means to evaluate the complex network structure of psychopathology, free from its original boundaries of distinct disorders. Unique to this approach is that symptoms can belong to multiple communities. Using a large community sample and spanning a broad range of symptoms (Symptom Checklist-90-Revised), we identified 18 communities of interconnected symptoms. The differential role of symptoms within and between communities offers a framework to study the clinical concepts of comorbidity, heterogeneity and hallmark symptoms. Symptoms with many and strong connections within a community, defined as stabilizing symptoms, could be thought of as the core of a community, whereas symptoms that belong to multiple communities, defined as communicating symptoms, facilitate the communication between problem areas. We propose that defining symptoms on their stabilizing and/or communicating role within and across communities accelerates our understanding of these clinical phenomena, central to research and treatment of psychopathology.},
	annotation = {35 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Blanken, Tessa F. and Deserno, Marie K. and Dalege, Jonas and Borsboom, Denny and Blanken, Peter and Kerkhof, Gerard A. and Cramer, Ang{\'e}lique O. J.},
	copyright = {2018 The Author(s)},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-018-24224-2},
	issn = {2045-2322},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	keywords = {Comorbidities,Mathematics and computing,Psychology},
	langid = {english},
	month = apr,
	number = {1},
	pages = {5854},
	publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
	title = {The Role of Stabilizing and Communicating Symptoms given Overlapping Communities in Psychopathology Networks},
	urldate = {2023-03-24},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24224-2}}

@article{boccalettiComplexNetworksStructure2006,
	abstract = {Coupled biological and chemical systems, neural networks, social interacting species, the Internet and the World Wide Web, are only a few examples of systems composed by a large number of highly interconnected dynamical units. The first approach to capture the global properties of such systems is to model them as graphs whose nodes represent the dynamical units, and whose links stand for the interactions between them. On the one hand, scientists have to cope with structural issues, such as characterizing the topology of a complex wiring architecture, revealing the unifying principles that are at the basis of real networks, and developing models to mimic the growth of a network and reproduce its structural properties. On the other hand, many relevant questions arise when studying complex networks' dynamics, such as learning how a large ensemble of dynamical systems that interact through a complex wiring topology can behave collectively. We review the major concepts and results recently achieved in the study of the structure and dynamics of complex networks, and summarize the relevant applications of these ideas in many different disciplines, ranging from nonlinear science to biology, from statistical mechanics to medicine and engineering.},
	annotation = {7699 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Boccaletti, S and Latora, V and Moreno, Y and Chavez, M and Hwang, D},
	doi = {10.1016/j.physrep.2005.10.009},
	issn = {03701573},
	journal = {Physics Reports},
	langid = {english},
	month = feb,
	number = {4-5},
	pages = {175--308},
	shorttitle = {Complex Networks},
	title = {Complex Networks: {{Structure}} and Dynamics},
	urldate = {2023-04-07},
	volume = {424},
	year = {2006},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2005.10.009}}

@article{boerlijstSpiralWaveStructure1991,
	annotation = {275 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Boerlijst, M.C. and Hogeweg, P.},
	doi = {10.1016/0167-2789(91)90049-F},
	issn = {01672789},
	journal = {Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena},
	langid = {english},
	month = feb,
	number = {1},
	pages = {17--28},
	shorttitle = {Spiral Wave Structure in Pre-Biotic Evolution},
	title = {Spiral Wave Structure in Pre-Biotic Evolution: {{Hypercycles}} Stable against Parasites},
	urldate = {2023-02-01},
	volume = {48},
	year = {1991},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2789(91)90049-F}}

@article{bogaczPhysicsOptimalDecision2006,
	abstract = {In this article, the authors consider optimal decision making in two-alternative forced-choice (TAFC) tasks. They begin by analyzing 6 models of TAFC decision making and show that all but one can be reduced to the drift diffusion model, implementing the statistically optimal algorithm (most accurate for a given speed or fastest for a given accuracy). They prove further that there is always an optimal trade-off between speed and accuracy that maximizes various reward functions, including reward rate (percentage of correct responses per unit time), as well as several other objective functions, including ones weighted for accuracy. They use these findings to address empirical data and make novel predictions about performance under optimality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {1183 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Bogacz, Rafal and Brown, Eric and Moehlis, Jeff and Holmes, Philip and Cohen, Jonathan D.},
	doi = {10.1037/0033-295X.113.4.700},
	issn = {1939-1471},
	journal = {Psychological Review},
	keywords = {Choice Behavior,Decision Making,Mathematical Modeling,Rewards},
	pages = {700--765},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	shorttitle = {The Physics of Optimal Decision Making},
	title = {The Physics of Optimal Decision Making: {{A}} Formal Analysis of Models of Performance in Two-Alternative Forced-Choice Tasks},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2006},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.113.4.700}}

@article{bootIntegratingDualProcessInpreparation,
  title = {Integrating {{Dual Process Decision-Making}} and {{Social Dynamics}}: {{A Formal Modeling Framework}} for {{Addiction}}},
  author = {Boot, Jesse and {van der Ende}, Maarten and Wiers, Reinout W. and Lees, Mike and {Van der Maas}, Han L. J.},
  year = {submitted for publication}
}

@article{borkCausalInterpretationCommon2017,
	abstract = {AbstractPsychological constructs such as personality dimensions or cognitive traits are typically unobserved and are therefore measured by observing so-called indicators of the latent construct (e.g., responses to questionnaire items or observed behavior). The Common Factor Model (CFM) models the relations between the observed indicators and the latent variable. In this article we argue in favor of interpreting the CFM as a causal model rather than merely a statistical model, in which common factors are only descriptions of the indicators. When there is sufficient reason to hypothesize that the underlying causal structure of the data is a common cause structure, a causal interpretation of the CFM has several benefits over a merely statistical interpretation of the model. We argue that (1) a causal interpretation conforms with most research questions in which the goal is to explain the correlations between indicators rather than merely summarizing them; (2) a causal interpretation of the factor model legitimizes the focus on shared, rather than unique variance of the indicators; and (3) a causal interpretation of the factor model legitimizes the assumption of local independence.},
	annotation = {13 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Bork, Riet Van and Wijsen, Lisa D. and Rhemtulla, Mijke},
	doi = {10.1515/disp-2017-0019},
	journal = {Disputatio},
	langid = {english},
	month = dec,
	number = {47},
	pages = {581--601},
	title = {Toward a {{Causal Interpretation}} of the {{Common Factor Model}}},
	urldate = {2023-05-18},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1515/disp-2017-0019}}



@article{borsboomFalseAlarmComprehensive2017,
	abstract = {Forbes, Wright, Markon, and Krueger (2017) stated that ``psychopathology networks have limited replicability'' (p. 1011) and that ``popular network analysis methods produce unreliable results'' (p. 1011). These conclusions are based on an assessment of the replicability of four different network models for symptoms of major depression and generalized anxiety across two samples; in addition, Forbes et al. analyzed the stability of the network models within the samples using split-halves. Our reanalysis of the same data with the same methods led to results directly opposed to theirs: All network models replicated very well across the two data sets and across the split-halves. We trace the differences between Forbes et al.'s results and our own to the fact that they did not appear to accurately implement all network models and used debatable metrics to assess replicability. In particular, they deviated from existing estimation routines for relative importance networks, did not acknowledge the fact that the skip structure used in the interviews strongly distorted correlations between symptoms, and incorrectly assumed that network structures and metrics should be the same not only across the different samples but also across the different network models used. In addition to a comprehensive reanalysis of the data, we end with a discussion of best practices concerning future research into the replicability of psychometric networks. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {127 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Borsboom, Denny and Fried, Eiko I. and Epskamp, Sacha and Waldorp, Lourens J. and {van Borkulo}, Claudia D. and {van der Maas}, Han L. J. and Cramer, Ang{\'e}lique O. J.},
	doi = {10.1037/abn0000306},
	issn = {1939-1846},
	journal = {Journal of Abnormal Psychology},
	keywords = {Causality,Experimental Replication,Inference,Methodology,Psychometrics,Psychopathology,Symptoms},
	pages = {989--999},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	shorttitle = {False Alarm?},
	title = {False Alarm? {{A}} Comprehensive Reanalysis of ``{{Evidence}} That Psychopathology Symptom Networks Have Limited Replicability'' by {{Forbes}}, {{Wright}}, {{Markon}}, and {{Krueger}} (2017)},
	volume = {126},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000306}}

@article{borsboomKindsContinuaReview2016,
	author = {Borsboom, Denny and Rhemtulla, Mijke and Cramer, Ang{\'e}lique O. J. and {van der Maas}, Han L. J. and Scheffer, M. and Dolan, C. V.},
	doi = {10.1017/S0033291715001944},
	issn = {0033-2917, 1469-8978},
	journal = {Psychological Medicine},
	langid = {english},
	month = jun,
	number = {8},
	pages = {1567--1579},
	title = {Kinds {\emph{versus}} Continua: A Review of Psychometric Approaches to Uncover the Structure of Psychiatric Constructs},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2016},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001944}}

@article{borsboomNetworkTheoryMental2017,
	abstract = {In recent years, the network approach to psychopathology has been advanced as an alternative way of conceptualizing mental disorders. In this approach, mental disorders arise from direct interactions between symptoms. Although the network approach has led to many novel methodologies and substantive applications, it has not yet been fully articulated as a scientific theory of mental disorders. The present paper aims to develop such a theory, by postulating a limited set of theoretical principles regarding the structure and dynamics of symptom networks. At the heart of the theory lies the notion that symptoms of psychopathology are causally connected through myriads of biological, psychological and societal mechanisms. If these causal relations are sufficiently strong, symptoms can generate a level of feedback that renders them self-sustaining. In this case, the network can get stuck in a disorder state. The network theory holds that this is a general feature of mental disorders, which can therefore be understood as alternative stable states of strongly connected symptom networks. This idea naturally leads to a comprehensive model of psychopathology, encompassing a common explanatory model for mental disorders, as well as novel definitions of associated concepts such as mental health, resilience, vulnerability and liability. In addition, the network theory has direct implications for how to understand diagnosis and treatment, and suggests a clear agenda for future research in psychiatry and associated disciplines.},
	annotation = {1139 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Borsboom, Denny},
	doi = {10.1002/wps.20375},
	issn = {2051-5545},
	journal = {World Psychiatry},
	keywords = {diagnosis,mental disorders,mental health,network approach,Psychopathology,resilience,symptom networks,treatment,vulnerability},
	langid = {english},
	number = {1},
	pages = {5--13},
	title = {A Network Theory of Mental Disorders},
	urldate = {2023-03-24},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20375}}

@article{borsboomPsychometricPerspectivesDiagnostic2008,
	abstract = {The author identifies four conceptualizations of the relation between symptoms and disorders as utilized in diagnostic systems such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994): A constructivist perspective, which holds that disorders are conveniently grouped sets of symptoms; a diagnostic perspective, which holds that disorders are latent classes underlying the symptoms; a dimensional perspective, which holds that symptoms measure latent continua; and a causal systems perspective, which holds that disorders are causal networks consisting of symptoms and direct causal relations between them. Advantages and disadvantages of these conceptualizations are discussed. The author concludes that the psychometric analysis of diagnostic systems is not settled, and that these systems require deeper psychometric analysis than they currently receive. \textcopyright{} 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 64: 1089\textendash 1108, 2008.},
	annotation = {312 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Borsboom, Denny},
	doi = {10.1002/jclp.20503},
	issn = {1097-4679},
	journal = {Journal of Clinical Psychology},
	keywords = {causal networks,diagnostic systems,latent variable models,psychometrics,theoretical psychology},
	langid = {english},
	number = {9},
	pages = {1089--1108},
	title = {Psychometric Perspectives on Diagnostic Systems},
	urldate = {2023-05-18},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2008},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20503}}

@article{borsboomRobustnessReplicabilityPsychopathology2018,
	annotation = {66 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Borsboom, Denny and Robinaugh, Donald J. and Rhemtulla, Mijke and Cramer, Ang{\'e}lique O.J.},
	doi = {10.1002/wps.20515},
	issn = {1723-8617},
	journal = {World Psychiatry},
	month = jun,
	number = {2},
	pages = {143--144},
	pmcid = {PMC5980315},
	pmid = {29856550},
	title = {Robustness and Replicability of Psychopathology Networks},
	urldate = {2023-03-31},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20515}}

@article{borsboomSmallWorldPsychopathology2011,
	abstract = {Background Mental disorders are highly comorbid: people having one disorder are likely to have another as well. We explain empirical comorbidity patterns based on a network model of psychiatric symptoms, derived from an analysis of symptom overlap in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV). Principal Findings We show that a) half of the symptoms in the DSM-IV network are connected, b) the architecture of these connections conforms to a small world structure, featuring a high degree of clustering but a short average path length, and c) distances between disorders in this structure predict empirical comorbidity rates. Network simulations of Major Depressive Episode and Generalized Anxiety Disorder show that the model faithfully reproduces empirical population statistics for these disorders. Conclusions In the network model, mental disorders are inherently complex. This explains the limited successes of genetic, neuroscientific, and etiological approaches to unravel their causes. We outline a psychosystems approach to investigate the structure and dynamics of mental disorders.},
	annotation = {318 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Borsboom, Denny and Cramer, Ang{\'e}lique O. J. and Schmittmann, Verena D. and Epskamp, Sacha and Waldorp, Lourens J.},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0027407},
	issn = {1932-6203},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	keywords = {Anxiety disorders,Built structures,Clinical genetics,Clinical psychology,Depression,Insomnia,Network analysis,Simulation and modeling},
	langid = {english},
	month = nov,
	number = {11},
	pages = {e27407},
	publisher = {{Public Library of Science}},
	title = {The {{Small World}} of {{Psychopathology}}},
	urldate = {2023-04-16},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2011},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027407}}

@article{borsboomTheoryConstructionMethodology2021,
	abstract = {This article aims to improve theory formation in psychology by developing a practical methodology for constructing explanatory theories: theory construction methodology (TCM). TCM is a sequence of five steps. First, the theorist identifies a domain of empirical phenomena that becomes the target of explanation. Second, the theorist constructs a prototheory, a set of theoretical principles that putatively explain these phenomena. Third, the prototheory is used to construct a formal model, a set of model equations that encode explanatory principles. Fourth, the theorist investigates the explanatory adequacy of the model by formalizing its empirical phenomena and assessing whether it indeed reproduces these phenomena. Fifth, the theorist studies the overall adequacy of the theory by evaluating whether the identified phenomena are indeed reproduced faithfully and whether the explanatory principles are sufficiently parsimonious and substantively plausible. We explain TCM with an example taken from research on intelligence (the mutualism model of intelligence), in which key elements of the method have been successfully implemented. We discuss the place of TCM in the larger scheme of scientific research and propose an outline for a university curriculum that can systematically educate psychologists in the process of theory formation.},
	annotation = {85 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Borsboom, Denny and {van der Maas}, Han L. J. and Dalege, Jonas and Kievit, Rogier A and Haig, Brian D},
	doi = {10.1177/1745691620969647},
	issn = {1745-6924},
	journal = {Perspectives on psychological science},
	keywords = {Abduction,Formal Modeling,Mutualism,Philosophy Of Science},
	langid = {english},
	month = jul,
	number = {4},
	pages = {756--766},
	pmid = {33593167},
	shorttitle = {Theory {{Construction Methodology}}},
	title = {Theory {{Construction Methodology}}: {{A Practical Framework}} for {{Building Theories}} in {{Psychology}}},
	urldate = {2023-01-07},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620969647}}

@book{bowlesCooperativeSpeciesHuman2011,
	address = {{Princeton}},
	author = {Bowles, Samuel and Gintis, Herbert},
	isbn = {978-0-691-15125-0},
	keywords = {Behavior evolution,Cooperation,Cooperativeness},
	langid = {english},
	lccn = {HD2961 .B687 2011},
	publisher = {{Princeton University Press}},
	shorttitle = {A Cooperative Species},
	title = {A Cooperative Species: Human Reciprocity and Its Evolution},
	year = {2011}}

@article{breakspearDynamicModelsLargescale2017,
	abstract = {Cognitive activity requires the collective behavior of cortical, thalamic and spinal neurons across large-scale systems of the CNS. This paper provides an illustrated introduction to dynamic models of large-scale brain activity, from the tenets of the underlying theory to challenges, controversies and recent breakthroughs.},
	annotation = {641 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Breakspear, Michael},
	copyright = {2017 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.},
	doi = {10.1038/nn.4497},
	issn = {1546-1726},
	journal = {Nature Neuroscience},
	keywords = {Computational models,Dynamical systems},
	langid = {english},
	month = mar,
	number = {3},
	pages = {340--352},
	publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
	title = {Dynamic Models of Large-Scale Brain Activity},
	urldate = {2023-02-11},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4497}}

@article{bringmannWhatCentralityMeasures2019,
	abstract = {Centrality indices are a popular tool to analyze structural aspects of psychological networks. As centrality indices were originally developed in the context of social networks, it is unclear to what extent these indices are suitable in a psychological network context. In this article we critically examine several issues with the use of the most popular centrality indices in psychological networks: degree, betweenness, and closeness centrality. We show that problems with centrality indices discussed in the social network literature also apply to the psychological networks. Assumptions underlying centrality indices, such as presence of a flow and shortest paths, may not correspond with a general theory of how psychological variables relate to one another. Furthermore, the assumptions of node distinctiveness and node exchangeability may not hold in psychological networks. We conclude that, for psychological networks, betweenness and closeness centrality seem especially unsuitable as measures of node importance. We therefore suggest three ways forward: (a) using centrality measures that are tailored to the psychological network context, (b) reconsidering existing measures of importance used in statistical models underlying psychological networks, and (c) discarding the concept of node centrality entirely. Foremost, we argue that one has to make explicit what one means when one states that a node is central, and what assumptions the centrality measure of choice entails, to make sure that there is a match between the process under study and the centrality measure that is used. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {382 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Bringmann, Laura F. and Elmer, Timon and Epskamp, Sacha and Krause, Robert W. and Schoch, David and Wichers, Marieke and Wigman, Johanna T. W. and Snippe, Evelien},
	doi = {10.1037/abn0000446},
	issn = {1939-1846},
	journal = {Journal of Abnormal Psychology},
	keywords = {Measurement,Models,Psychological Reactance,Psychological Theories,Psychopathology,Social Network Analysis,Social Networks},
	pages = {892--903},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	title = {What Do Centrality Measures Measure in Psychological Networks?},
	volume = {128},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000446}}

@article{brinkhuisLearningItHappens2018,
	abstract = {With the advent of computers in education, and the ample availability of online learning and practice environments, enormous amounts of data on learning become available. The purpose of this paper is to present a decade of experience with analyzing and improving an online practice environment for math, which has thus far recorded over a billion responses. We present the methods we use to both steer and analyze this system in real-time, using scoring rules on accuracy and response times, a tailored rating system to provide both learners and items with current ability and difficulty ratings, and an adaptive engine that matches learners to items. Moreover, we explore the quality of fit by means of prediction accuracy and parallel item reliability. Limitations and pitfalls are discussed by diagnosing sources of misfit, like violations of unidimensionality and unforeseen dynamics. Finally, directions for development are discussed, including embedded learning analytics and a focus on online experimentation to evaluate both the system itself and the users' learning gains. Though many challenges remain open, we believe that large steps have been made in providing methods to efficiently manage and research educational big data from a massive online learning system.},
	author = {Brinkhuis, Matthieu J. S. and Savi, Alexander O. and Hofman, Abe D. and Coomans, Frederik and {van der Maas}, Han L. J. and Maris, Gunter K. J.},
	copyright = {Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Learning Analytics},
	doi = {10.18608/jla.2018.52.3},
	issn = {1929-7750},
	journal = {Journal of Learning Analytics},
	keywords = {evaluation of CAL systems},
	langid = {english},
	month = aug,
	number = {2},
	pages = {29--46},
	shorttitle = {Learning {{As It Happens}}},
	title = {Learning {{As It Happens}}: {{A Decade}} of {{Analyzing}} and {{Shaping}} a {{Large-Scale Online Learning System}}},
	urldate = {2023-08-21},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.18608/jla.2018.52.3}}

@article{brushConflictsInterestImprove2018,
	abstract = {In many biological systems, the functional behavior of a group is collectively computed by the system's individual components. An example is the brain's ability to make decisions via the activity of billions of neurons. A long-standing puzzle is how the components' decisions combine to produce beneficial group-level outputs, despite conflicts of interest and imperfect information. We derive a theoretical model of collective computation from mechanistic first principles, using results from previous work on the computation of power structure in a primate model system. Collective computation has two phases: an information accumulation phase, in which (in this study) pairs of individuals gather information about their fighting abilities and make decisions about their dominance relationships, and an information aggregation phase, in which these decisions are combined to produce a collective computation. To model information accumulation, we extend a stochastic decision-making model-the leaky integrator model used to study neural decision-making-to a multiagent game-theoretic framework. We then test alternative algorithms for aggregating information-in this study, decisions about dominance resulting from the stochastic model-and measure the mutual information between the resultant power structure and the "true" fighting abilities. We find that conflicts of interest can improve accuracy to the benefit of all agents. We also find that the computation can be tuned to produce different power structures by changing the cost of waiting for a decision. The successful application of a similar stochastic decision-making model in neural and social contexts suggests general principles of collective computation across substrates and scales.},
	annotation = {13 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Brush, Eleanor R. and Krakauer, David C. and Flack, Jessica C.},
	doi = {10.1126/sciadv.1603311},
	issn = {2375-2548},
	journal = {Science Advances},
	keywords = {{Adaptation, Physiological},Algorithms,Animals,Conflict of Interest,Consensus,Decision Making,Primates,Social Behavior},
	langid = {english},
	month = jan,
	number = {1},
	pages = {e1603311},
	pmcid = {PMC5777398},
	pmid = {29376116},
	title = {Conflicts of Interest Improve Collective Computation of Adaptive Social Structures},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1603311}}

@article{burgerReportingStandardsPsychological2022,
	abstract = {Statistical network models describing multivariate dependency structures in psychological data have gained increasing popularity. Such comparably novel statistical techniques require specific guidelines to make them accessible to the research community. So far, researchers have provided tutorials guiding the estimation of networks and their accuracy. However, there is currently little guidance in determining what parts of the analyses and results should be documented in a scientific report. A lack of such reporting standards may foster researcher degrees of freedom and could provide fertile ground for questionable reporting practices. Here, we introduce reporting standards for network analyses in cross-sectional data, along with a tutorial and two examples. The presented guidelines are aimed at researchers as well as the broader scientific community, such as reviewers and journal editors evaluating scientific work. We conclude by discussing how the network literature specifically can benefit from such guidelines for reporting and transparency. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {47 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Burger, Julian and Isvoranu, Adela-Maria and Lunansky, Gabriela and Haslbeck, Jonas M. B. and Epskamp, Sacha and Hoekstra, Ria H. A. and Fried, Eiko I. and Borsboom, Denny and Blanken, Tessa F.},
	doi = {10.1037/met0000471},
	issn = {1939-1463},
	journal = {Psychological Methods},
	keywords = {Estimation,Models,Reporting Standards,Statistical Analysis},
	pages = {No Pagination Specified-No Pagination Specified},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	title = {Reporting Standards for Psychological Network Analyses in Cross-Sectional Data},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000471}}

@misc{burgEvaluationChangePoint2022,
	abstract = {Change point detection is an important part of time series analysis, as the presence of a change point indicates an abrupt and significant change in the data generating process. While many algorithms for change point detection have been proposed, comparatively little attention has been paid to evaluating their performance on real-world time series. Algorithms are typically evaluated on simulated data and a small number of commonly-used series with unreliable ground truth. Clearly this does not provide sufficient insight into the comparative performance of these algorithms. Therefore, instead of developing yet another change point detection method, we consider it vastly more important to properly evaluate existing algorithms on real-world data. To achieve this, we present a data set specifically designed for the evaluation of change point detection algorithms that consists of 37 time series from various application domains. Each series was annotated by five human annotators to provide ground truth on the presence and location of change points. We analyze the consistency of the human annotators, and describe evaluation metrics that can be used to measure algorithm performance in the presence of multiple ground truth annotations. Next, we present a benchmark study where 14 algorithms are evaluated on each of the time series in the data set. Our aim is that this data set will serve as a proving ground in the development of novel change point detection algorithms.},
	archiveprefix = {arxiv},
	author = {van den Burg, Gerrit J. J. and Williams, Christopher K. I.},
	doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2003.06222},
	eprint = {2003.06222},
	keywords = {62M10,Computer Science - Machine Learning,G.3,Statistics - Machine Learning,Statistics - Methodology},
	month = feb,
	number = {arXiv:2003.06222},
	primaryclass = {cs, stat},
	publisher = {{arXiv}},
	title = {An {{Evaluation}} of {{Change Point Detection Algorithms}}},
	urldate = {2023-01-27},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2003.06222}}

@book{busemeyerQuantumModelsCognition2012,
	abstract = {Much of our understanding of human thinking is based on probabilistic models. This innovative book by Jerome R. Busemeyer and Peter D. Bruza argues that, actually, the underlying mathematical structures from quantum theory provide a much better account of human thinking than traditional models. They introduce the foundations for modelling probabilistic-dynamic systems using two aspects of quantum theory. The first, 'contextuality', is a way to understand interference effects found with inferences and decisions under conditions of uncertainty. The second, 'quantum entanglement', allows cognitive phenomena to be modeled in non-reductionist ways. Employing these principles drawn from quantum theory allows us to view human cognition and decision in a totally new light. Introducing the basic principles in an easy-to-follow way, this book does not assume a physics background or a quantum brain and comes complete with a tutorial and fully worked-out applications in important areas of cognition and decision.},
	author = {Busemeyer, Jerome R. and Bruza, Peter D.},
	googlebooks = {0vxvhTG\_ZLAC},
	isbn = {978-1-107-01199-1},
	keywords = {Business \& Economics / Consumer Behavior,Computers / Computer Science,Mathematics / Game Theory,Psychology / Cognitive Psychology \& Cognition,Science / Physics / Quantum Theory},
	langid = {english},
	month = jul,
	publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
	title = {Quantum {{Models}} of {{Cognition}} and {{Decision}}},
	year = {2012}}

@article{butlerTemporalInterpersonalEmotion2011,
	abstract = {Emotion is often framed as an intrapersonal system comprised of subcomponents such as experience, behavior, and physiology that interact over time to give rise to emotional states. What is missing is that many emotions occur in the context of social interaction or ongoing relationships. When this happens, the result can be conceptualized as a temporal interpersonal emotion system (TIES) in which the subcomponents of emotion interact not only within the individual but across the partners as well. The present review (a) suggests that TIES can be understood in terms of the characteristics of dynamic systems, (b) reviews examples from diverse research that has investigated characteristics of TIES, (c) attempts to clarify the overlapping terms that have been used to refer to those characteristics by mapping them to the statistical, mathematical, and graphical models that have been used to represent TIES, and (d) offers pragmatic advice for analyzing TIES data.},
	annotation = {251 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Butler, Emily A.},
	doi = {10.1177/1088868311411164},
	issn = {1532-7957},
	journal = {Personality and Social Psychology Review: An Official Journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc},
	keywords = {Emotions,Humans,Interpersonal Relations,{Models, Psychological},Psychological Techniques,Time Factors},
	langid = {english},
	month = nov,
	number = {4},
	pages = {367--393},
	pmid = {21693670},
	shorttitle = {Temporal Interpersonal Emotion Systems},
	title = {Temporal Interpersonal Emotion Systems: The "{{TIES}}" That Form Relationships},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2011},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868311411164}}

@article{carpenterMassivelyParallelArchitecture1987a,
  title = {A Massively Parallel Architecture for a Self-Organizing Neural Pattern Recognition Machine},
  author = {Carpenter, Gail A. and Grossberg, Stephen},
  year = {1987},
  month = jan,
  journal = {Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing},
  volume = {37},
  number = {1},
  pages = {54--115},
  issn = {0734-189X},
  doi = {10.1016/S0734-189X(87)80014-2},
  urldate = {2024-05-15},
  abstract = {A neural network architecture for the learning of recognition categories is derived. Real-time network dynamics are completely characterized through mathematical analysis and computer simulations. The architecture self-organizes and self-stabilizes its recognition codes in response to arbitrary orderings of arbitrarily many and arbitrarily complex binary input patterns. Top-down attentional and matching mechanisms are critical in self-stabilizing the code learning process. The architecture embodies a parallel search scheme which updates itself adaptively as the learning process unfolds. After learning self-stabilizes, the search process is automatically disengaged. Thereafter input patterns directly access their recognition codes without any search. Thus recognition time does not grow as a function of code complexity. A novel input pattern can directly access a category if it shares invariant properties with the set of familiar exemplars of that category. These invariant properties emerge in the form of learned critical feature patterns, or prototypes. The architecture possesses a context-sensitive self-scaling property which enables its emergent critical feature patterns to form. They detect and remember statistically predictive configurations of featural elements which are derived from the set of all input patterns that are ever experienced. Four types of attentional process---priming, gain control, vigilance, and intermodal competition---are mechanistically characterized. Top---down priming and gain control are needed for code matching and self-stabilization. Attentional vigilance determines how fine the learned categories will be. If vigilance increases due to an environmental disconfirmation, then the system automatically searches for and learns finer recognition categories. A new nonlinear matching law (the {$\frac{2}{3}$} Rule) and new nonlinear associative laws (the Weber Law Rule, the Associative Decay Rule, and the Template Learning Rule) are needed to achieve these properties. All the rules describe emergent properties of parallel network interactions. The architecture circumvents the noise, saturation, capacity, orthogonality, and linear predictability constraints that limit the codes which can be stably learned by alternative recognition models.}
}


@article{caspiFactorOneGeneral2014,
	abstract = {Mental disorders traditionally have been viewed as distinct, episodic, and categorical conditions. This view has been challenged by evidence that many disorders are sequentially comorbid, recurrent/chronic, and exist on a continuum. Using the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, we examined the structure of psychopathology, taking into account dimensionality, persistence, co-occurrence, and sequential comorbidity of mental disorders across 20 years, from adolescence to midlife. Psychiatric disorders were initially explained by three higher-order factors (Internalizing, Externalizing, and Thought Disorder) but explained even better with one General Psychopathology dimension. We have called this dimension the p factor because it conceptually parallels a familiar dimension in psychological science: the g factor of general intelligence. Higher p scores are associated with more life impairment, greater familiality, worse developmental histories, and more compromised early-life brain function. The p factor explains why it is challenging to find causes, consequences, biomarkers, and treatments with specificity to individual mental disorders. Transdiagnostic approaches may improve research.},
	annotation = {1414 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Caspi, Avshalom and Houts, Renate M. and Belsky, Daniel W. and {Goldman-Mellor}, Sidra J. and Harrington, HonaLee and Israel, Salomon and Meier, Madeline H. and Ramrakha, Sandhya and Shalev, Idan and Poulton, Richie and Moffitt, Terrie E.},
	doi = {10.1177/2167702613497473},
	issn = {2167-7026},
	journal = {Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science},
	month = mar,
	number = {2},
	pages = {119--137},
	pmcid = {PMC4209412},
	pmid = {25360393},
	shorttitle = {The p {{Factor}}},
	title = {The p {{Factor}}: {{One General Psychopathology Factor}} in the {{Structure}} of {{Psychiatric Disorders}}?},
	urldate = {2023-03-25},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2014},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702613497473}}

@article{castellanoNonequilibriumPhaseTransition2000,
	annotation = {224 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Castellano, Claudio and Marsili, Matteo and Vespignani, Alessandro},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.3536},
	issn = {0031-9007, 1079-7114},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	langid = {english},
	month = oct,
	number = {16},
	pages = {3536--3539},
	title = {Nonequilibrium {{Phase Transition}} in a {{Model}} for {{Social Influence}}},
	urldate = {2023-04-10},
	volume = {85},
	year = {2000},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.3536}}

@article{castellanoNonlinearVoterModel2009,
	abstract = {We introduce a nonlinear variant of the voter model, the q-voter model, in which q neighbors (with possible repetition) are consulted for a voter to change opinion. If the q neighbors agree, the voter takes their opinion; if they do not have a unanimous opinion, still a voter can flip its state with probability {$\epsilon$}. We solve the model on a fully connected network (i.e., in mean field) and compute the exit probability as well as the average time to reach consensus by employing the backward Fokker-Planck formalism and scaling arguments. We analyze the results in the perspective of a recently proposed Langevin equation aimed at describing generic phase transitions in systems with two (Z2-symmetric) absorbing states. In particular, by deriving explicitly the coefficients of such a Langevin equation as a function of the microscopic flipping probabilities, we find that in mean field the q-voter model exhibits a disordered phase for high {$\epsilon$} and an ordered one for low {$\epsilon$} with three possible ways to go from one to the other: (i) a unique (generalized-voter-like) transition, (ii) a series of two consecutive transitions, one (Ising-like) in which the Z2 symmetry is broken and a separate one (in the directed-percolation class) in which the system falls into an absorbing state, and (iii) a series of two transitions, including an intermediate regime in which the final state depends on initial conditions. This third (so far unexplored) scenario, in which a type of ordering dynamics emerges, is rationalized and found to be specific of mean field, i.e., fluctuations are explicitly shown to wash it out in spatially extended systems.},
	annotation = {169 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Castellano, Claudio and Mu{\~n}oz, Miguel A. and {Pastor-Satorras}, Romualdo},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.80.041129},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	month = oct,
	number = {4},
	pages = {041129},
	publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
	title = {Nonlinear \$q\$-Voter Model},
	urldate = {2023-04-17},
	volume = {80},
	year = {2009},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.80.041129}}

@book{cattellIntelligenceItsStructure1987,
	abstract = {With essentially the same basis as the 1971 Abilities, Their Structure, Growth and Action, this new volume reflects the developments of subsequent years.},
	author = {Cattell, R. B.},
	googlebooks = {flX770mG2HcC},
	isbn = {978-0-08-086689-5},
	keywords = {Psychology / Experimental Psychology,Psychology / General},
	langid = {english},
	month = jul,
	publisher = {{Elsevier}},
	shorttitle = {Intelligence},
	title = {Intelligence: {{Its Structure}}, {{Growth}} and {{Action}}},
	year = {1987}}

@article{centolaNetworkScienceCollective2022,
	abstract = {In the last few years, breakthroughs in computational and experimental techniques have produced several key discoveries in the science of networks and human collective intelligence. This review presents the latest scientific findings from two key fields of research: collective problem-solving and the wisdom of the crowd. I demonstrate the core theoretical tensions separating these research traditions and show how recent findings offer a new synthesis for understanding how network dynamics alter collective intelligence, both positively and negatively. I conclude by highlighting current theoretical problems at the forefront of research on networked collective intelligence, as well as vital public policy challenges that require new research efforts.},
	annotation = {6 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Centola, Damon},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2022.08.009},
	issn = {1364-6613},
	journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
	keywords = {collective intelligence,collective problem-solving,networks,wisdom of the crowd},
	langid = {english},
	month = nov,
	number = {11},
	pages = {923--941},
	title = {The Network Science of Collective Intelligence},
	urldate = {2023-05-16},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2022.08.009}}

@misc{chalmersStrongWeakEmergence2006,
	abstract = {The term `emergence' often causes\textbf{ }confusion in science and philosophy, as it is used to express at least\textbf{ }two quite different concepts. We can label these concepts \_strong\_ \_emergence\_ and \_weak ...},
	author = {Chalmers, David J.},
	howpublished = {https://philpapers.org/rec/chasaw},
	langid = {english},
	title = {Strong and Weak Emergence},
	urldate = {2023-02-14},
	year = {2006}}

@incollection{chambersSevenDeadlySins2017,
	abstract = {Why psychology is in peril as a scientific discipline\textemdash and how to save it Psychological science has made extraordinary discoveries about the human mind, but can we trust everything its practitioners are telling us? In recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that a lot of research in psychology is based on weak evidence, questionable practices, and sometimes even fraud. The Seven Deadly Sins of Psychology diagnoses the ills besetting the discipline today and proposes sensible, practical solutions to ensure that it remains a legitimate and reliable science in the years ahead. In this unflinchingly candid manifesto, Chris Chambers draws on his own experiences as a working scientist to reveal a dark side to psychology that few of us ever see. Using the seven deadly sins as a metaphor, he shows how practitioners are vulnerable to powerful biases that undercut the scientific method, how they routinely torture data until it produces outcomes that can be published in prestigious journals, and how studies are much less reliable than advertised. He reveals how a culture of secrecy denies the public and other researchers access to the results of psychology experiments, how fraudulent academics can operate with impunity, and how an obsession with bean counting creates perverse incentives for academics. Left unchecked, these problems threaten the very future of psychology as a science\textemdash but help is here. Outlining a core set of best practices that can be applied across the sciences, Chambers demonstrates how all these sins can be corrected by embracing open science, an emerging philosophy that seeks to make research and its outcomes as transparent as possible.},
	author = {Chambers, Chris},
	booktitle = {The {{Seven Deadly Sins}} of {{Psychology}}},
	doi = {10.1515/9781400884940},
	isbn = {978-1-4008-8494-0},
	langid = {english},
	month = apr,
	publisher = {{Princeton University Press}},
	shorttitle = {The {{Seven Deadly Sins}} of {{Psychology}}},
	title = {The {{Seven Deadly Sins}} of {{Psychology}}: {{A Manifesto}} for {{Reforming}} the {{Culture}} of {{Scientific Practice}}},
	urldate = {2023-06-02},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400884940}}

@article{chambonUnderstandingChangeCOVID192022,
	abstract = {Prior research into the relationship between attitudes and vaccination intention is predominantly cross-sectional and therefore does not provide insight into directions of relations. During the COVID-19 vaccines development and enrollment phase, we studied the temporal dynamics of COVID-19 vaccination intention in relation to attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines and the pandemic, vaccination in general, social norms and trust. The data are derived from a longitudinal survey study with Dutch participants from a research panel (N\,=\,744; six measurements between December 2020 and May 2021; age 18\textendash 84 years [M\,=\,53.32]) and analyzed with vector-autoregression network analyses. While cross-sectional results indicated that vaccination intention was relatively strongly related to attitudes toward the vaccines, results from temporal analyses showed that vaccination intention mainly predicted other vaccination-related variables and to a lesser extent was predicted by variables. We found a weak predictive effect from social norm to vaccination intention that was not robust. This study underlines the challenge of stimulating uptake of new vaccines developed during pandemics, and the importance of examining directions of effects in research into vaccination intention.},
	annotation = {2 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Chambon, Monique and Kammeraad, Wesley G. and {van Harreveld}, Frenk and Dalege, Jonas and Elberse, Janneke E. and {van der Maas}, Han L. J.},
	copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
	doi = {10.1038/s41541-022-00533-6},
	issn = {2059-0105},
	journal = {npj Vaccines},
	keywords = {Epidemiology,Infectious diseases},
	langid = {english},
	month = oct,
	number = {1},
	pages = {1--10},
	publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
	title = {Understanding Change in {{COVID-19}} Vaccination Intention with Network Analysis of Longitudinal Data from {{Dutch}} Adults},
	urldate = {2023-04-24},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-022-00533-6}}

@book{changInventingTemperatureMeasurement2008,
	abstract = {What is temperature, and how can we measure it correctly? These may seem like simple questions, but the most renowned scientists struggled with them throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. In Inventing Temperature, Chang examines how scientists first created thermometers; how they measured temperature beyond the reach of standard thermometers; and how they managed to assess the reliability and accuracy of these instruments without a circular reliance on the instruments themselves.  In a discussion that brings together the history of science with the philosophy of science, Chang presents the simple yet challenging epistemic and technical questions about these instruments, and the complex web of abstract philosophical issues surrounding them. Chang's book shows that many items of knowledge that we take for granted now are in fact spectacular achievements, obtained only after a great deal of innovative thinking, painstaking experiments, bold conjectures, and controversy. Lurking behind these achievements are some very important philosophical questions about how and when people accept the authority of science.                                                        ,                What is temperature, and how can we measure it correctly? These may seem like simple questions, but the most renowned scientists struggled with them throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. In Inventing Temperature, Chang examines how scientists first created thermometers; how they measured temperature beyond the reach of standard thermometers; and how they managed to assess the reliability and accuracy of these instruments without a circular reliance on the instruments themselves.  In a discussion that brings together the history of science with the philosophy of science, Chang presents the simple yet challenging epistemic and technical questions about these instruments, and the complex web of abstract philosophical issues surrounding them. Chang's book shows that many items of knowledge that we take for granted now are in fact spectacular achievements, obtained only after a great deal of innovative thinking, painstaking experiments, bold conjectures, and controversy. Lurking behind these achievements are some very important philosophical questions about how and when people accept the authority of science.},
	address = {{Oxford, New York}},
	author = {Chang, Hasok},
	isbn = {978-0-19-533738-9},
	month = feb,
	publisher = {{Oxford University Press}},
	series = {Oxford {{Studies}} in {{Philosophy}} of {{Science}}},
	shorttitle = {Inventing {{Temperature}}},
	title = {Inventing {{Temperature}}: {{Measurement}} and {{Scientific Progress}}},
	year = {2008}}

@article{chemeroRadicalEmbodiedCognitive2013,
  title = {Radical {{Embodied Cognitive Science}}},
  author = {Chemero, Anthony},
  year = {2013},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Review of General Psychology},
  volume = {17},
  number = {2},
  pages = {145--150},
  publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc},
  issn = {1089-2680},
  doi = {10.1037/a0032923},
  urldate = {2023-12-02},
  abstract = {This paper briefly introduces radical embodied cognitive science (RECS) and places it in historical perspective. Radical embodied cognitive science is an interdisciplinary approach to psychology that combines ideas from the phenomenological tradition with ecological psychology and dynamical systems modeling. It is argued that radical embodied cognitive science has a long history; it is as a direct descendent of the Jamesian functionalist approach to psychology. This approach to psychology is contrasted with the current trend of supplementing standard cognitive psychology with occasional references to the body. In contrast with these trends, radical embodied cognitive science is skeptical of the explanatory usefulness of mental representations. The future prospects of radical embodied cognitive science and the broader functionalist framework are discussed.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {/unread},
  annotation = {111 citations (Crossref) [2023-12-02]}
}

@book{chenNamingGameModels2019,
	address = {{Cham}},
	author = {Chen, Guanrong and Lou, Yang},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-05243-0},
	isbn = {978-3-030-05242-3 978-3-030-05243-0},
	keywords = {Computer Game Model,Language,Language Creation,Language Evolution and Development,Naming Game},
	publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}},
	series = {Emergence, {{Complexity}} and {{Computation}}},
	shorttitle = {Naming {{Game}}},
	title = {Naming {{Game}}: {{Models}}, {{Simulations}} and {{Analysis}}},
	urldate = {2023-04-09},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05243-0}}

@article{chialvoEmergentComplexNeural2010,
	abstract = {A large repertoire of spatiotemporal activity patterns in the brain is the basis for adaptive behaviour. Understanding the mechanism by which the brain's hundred billion neurons and hundred trillion synapses manage to produce such a range of cortical configurations in a flexible manner remains a fundamental problem in neuroscience. One plausible solution is the involvement of universal mechanisms of emergent complex phenomena evident in dynamical systems poised near a critical point of a second-order phase transition. We review recent theoretical and empirical results supporting the notion that the brain is naturally poised near criticality, as well as its implications for better understanding of the brain.},
	annotation = {738 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Chialvo, Dante R.},
	copyright = {2010 Nature Publishing Group},
	doi = {10.1038/nphys1803},
	issn = {1745-2481},
	journal = {Nature Physics},
	keywords = {Atomic,Classical and Continuum Physics,Complex Systems,Condensed Matter Physics,general,Mathematical and Computational Physics,Molecular,Optical and Plasma Physics,Physics,Theoretical},
	langid = {english},
	month = oct,
	number = {10},
	pages = {744--750},
	publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
	title = {Emergent Complex Neural Dynamics},
	urldate = {2023-02-10},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2010},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1803}}

@article{christensenSemanticNetworkAnalysis2021,
	abstract = {To date, the application of semantic network methodologies to study cognitive processes in psychological phenomena has been limited in scope. One barrier to broader application is the lack of resources for researchers unfamiliar with the approach. Another barrier, for both the unfamiliar and knowledgeable researcher, is the tedious and laborious preprocessing of semantic data. We aim to minimize these barriers by offering a comprehensive semantic network analysis pipeline (preprocessing, estimating, and analyzing networks), and an associated R tutorial that uses a suite of R packages to accommodate the pipeline. Two of these packages, SemNetDictionaries and SemNetCleaner, promote an efficient, reproducible, and transparent approach to preprocessing linguistic data. The third package, SemNeT, provides methods and measures for estimating and statistically comparing semantic networks via a point-and-click graphical user interface. Using real-world data, we present a start-to-finish pipeline from raw data to semantic network analysis results. This article aims to provide resources for researchers, both the unfamiliar and knowledgeable, that reduce some of the barriers for conducting semantic network analysis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {12 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Christensen, Alexander P. and Kenett, Yoed N.},
	doi = {10.1037/met0000463},
	issn = {1939-1463},
	journal = {Psychological Methods},
	keywords = {Cognitive Processes,Linguistics,Sciences,Semantic Memory,Semantic Networks,Statistical Analysis,Statistical Data,Verbal Fluency},
	pages = {No Pagination Specified-No Pagination Specified},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	shorttitle = {Semantic Network Analysis ({{SemNA}})},
	title = {Semantic Network Analysis ({{SemNA}}): {{A}} Tutorial on Preprocessing, Estimating, and Analyzing Semantic Networks},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000463}}

@article{clarkCognitiveApproachPanic1986,
	abstract = {A cognitive model of panic is described. Within this model panic attacks are said to result from the catastrophic misinterpretation of certain bodily sensations. The sensations which are misinterpreted are mainly those involved in normal anxiety responses (e.g. palpitations, breathlessness, dizziness etc.) but also include some other sensations. The catastrophic misinterpretation involves perceiving these sensations as much more dangerous than they really are (e.g. perceiving palpitations as evidence of an impending heart attack). A review of the literature indicates that the proposed model is consistent with the major features of panic. In particular, it is consistent with the nature of the cognitive disturbance in panic patients, the perceived sequence of events in an attack, the occurrence of `spontaneous' attacks, the role of hyperventilation in attacks, the effects of sodium lactate and the literature on psychological and pharmacological treatments. Finally, a series of direct tests of the model are proposed.},
	annotation = {1652 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Clark, David M.},
	doi = {10.1016/0005-7967(86)90011-2},
	issn = {0005-7967},
	journal = {Behaviour Research and Therapy},
	langid = {english},
	month = jan,
	number = {4},
	pages = {461--470},
	title = {A Cognitive Approach to Panic},
	urldate = {2023-03-02},
	volume = {24},
	year = {1986},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(86)90011-2}}

@article{clarkWhateverNextPredictive2013,
	abstract = {Brains, it has recently been argued, are essentially prediction machines. They are bundles of cells that support perception and action by constantly attempting to match incoming sensory inputs with top-down expectations or predictions. This is achieved using a hierarchical generative model that aims to minimize prediction error within a bidirectional cascade of cortical processing. Such accounts offer a unifying model of perception and action, illuminate the functional role of attention, and may neatly capture the special contribution of cortical processing to adaptive success. This target article critically examines this ``hierarchical prediction machine'' approach, concluding that it offers the best clue yet to the shape of a unified science of mind and action. Sections 1 and 2 lay out the key elements and implications of the approach. Section 3 explores a variety of pitfalls and challenges, spanning the evidential, the methodological, and the more properly conceptual. The paper ends (sections 4 and 5) by asking how such approaches might impact our more general vision of mind, experience, and agency.},
	annotation = {2539 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Clark, Andy},
	doi = {10.1017/S0140525X12000477},
	issn = {0140-525X, 1469-1825},
	journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
	keywords = {action,attention,Bayesian brain,expectation,generative model,hierarchy,perception,precision,prediction,prediction error,predictive coding,top-down processing},
	langid = {english},
	month = jun,
	number = {3},
	pages = {181--204},
	publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
	shorttitle = {Whatever Next?},
	title = {Whatever next? {{Predictive}} Brains, Situated Agents, and the Future of Cognitive Science},
	urldate = {2023-02-11},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2013},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X12000477}}

@book{claytonReEmergenceEmergence2008,
	author = {Clayton, Philip and Davies, Paul},
	doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199544318.001.0001},
	isbn = {978-0-19-954431-8},
	langid = {english},
	month = may,
	publisher = {{Oxford University Press}},
	title = {The {{Re-Emergence}} of {{Emergence}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-14},
	year = {2008},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199544318.001.0001}}

@article{cobbApplicationsCatastropheTheory1985,
	author = {Cobb, Loren and Zacks, Shelemyahu},
	doi = {10.1080/01621459.1985.10478184},
	issn = {0162-1459},
	journal = {Journal of the American Statistical Association},
	month = dec,
	number = {392},
	pages = {793--802},
	title = {Applications of {{Catastrophe Theory}} for {{Statistical Modeling}} in the {{Biosciences}}},
	volume = {80},
	year = {1985},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1985.10478184}}

@article{cobbStochasticCatastropheModels1978,
	abstract = {Nonlinear models such as have been appearing in the applied catastrophe theory literature are almost universally deterministic, as opposed to stochastic (probabilistic). The purpose of this article is to show how to convert a deterministic catastrophe model into a stochastic model with the aid of several reasonable assumptions, and how to calculate explicitly the resulting multimodal equilibrium probability density. Examples of such models from epidemiology, psychology, sociology, and demography are presented. Lastly, a new statistical technique is presented, with which the parameters of empirical multimodal frequency distributions may be estimated.},
	annotation = {105 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Cobb, Loren},
	doi = {10.1002/bs.3830230407},
	issn = {1099-1743},
	journal = {Behavioral Science},
	keywords = {catastrophe theory,epidemiology,multimodal distributions,parameter estimation,stochastic models},
	langid = {english},
	number = {4},
	pages = {360--374},
	title = {Stochastic Catastrophe Models and Multimodal Distributions},
	urldate = {2023-01-29},
	volume = {23},
	year = {1978},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830230407}}

@article{cocchiCriticalityBrainSynthesis2017,
	abstract = {Cognitive function requires the coordination of neural activity across many scales, from neurons and circuits to large-scale networks. As such, it is unlikely that an explanatory framework focused upon any single scale will yield a comprehensive theory of brain activity and cognitive function. Modelling and analysis methods for neuroscience should aim to accommodate multiscale phenomena. Emerging research now suggests that multi-scale processes in the brain arise from so-called critical phenomena that occur very broadly in the natural world. Criticality arises in complex systems perched between order and disorder, and is marked by fluctuations that do not have any privileged spatial or temporal scale. We review the core nature of criticality, the evidence supporting its role in neural systems and its explanatory potential in brain health and disease.},
	annotation = {312 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Cocchi, Luca and Gollo, Leonardo L. and Zalesky, Andrew and Breakspear, Michael},
	doi = {10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.07.002},
	issn = {0301-0082},
	journal = {Progress in Neurobiology},
	keywords = {Bifurcations,Cognition,Dynamics,Metastability,Multistability,Power-law},
	langid = {english},
	month = nov,
	pages = {132--152},
	shorttitle = {Criticality in the Brain},
	title = {Criticality in the Brain: {{A}} Synthesis of Neurobiology, Models and Cognition},
	urldate = {2023-02-10},
	volume = {158},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.07.002}}

@article{cohenCriticalElaborationEmpirical2003,
	annotation = {8 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Cohen, Alexander and Pargman, David and Tenenbaum, Gershon},
	doi = {10.1080/10413200305393},
	issn = {1041-3200},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Sport Psychology},
	langid = {english},
	number = {2},
	pages = {144--159},
	shorttitle = {Critical {{Elaboration}} and {{Empirical Investigation}} of the {{Cusp Catastrophe Model}}},
	title = {Critical {{Elaboration}} and {{Empirical Investigation}} of the {{Cusp Catastrophe Model}}: {{A Lesson}} for {{Practitioners}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-03},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2003},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200305393}}

@article{costantiniStateARtPersonality2015,
	abstract = {Network analysis represents a novel theoretical approach to personality. Network approaches motivate alternative ways of analyzing data, and suggest new ways of modeling and simulating personality processes. In the present paper, we provide an overview of network analysis strategies as they apply to personality data. We discuss different ways to construct networks from typical personality data, show how to compute and interpret important measures of centrality and clustering, and illustrate how one can simulate on networks to mimic personality processes. All analyses are illustrated using a data set on the commonly used HEXACO questionnaire using elementary R-code that readers may easily adapt to apply to their own data.},
	annotation = {443 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Costantini, Giulio and Epskamp, Sacha and Borsboom, Denny and Perugini, Marco and M{\~o}ttus, Ren{\'e} and Waldorp, Lourens J. and Cramer, Ang{\'e}lique O. J.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jrp.2014.07.003},
	issn = {0092-6566},
	journal = {Journal of Research in Personality},
	keywords = {Centrality,Clustering,HEXACO,Latent variables,Network analysis,Personality traits,Psychometrics},
	langid = {english},
	month = feb,
	pages = {13--29},
	series = {R {{Special Issue}}},
	shorttitle = {State of the {{aRt}} Personality Research},
	title = {State of the {{aRt}} Personality Research: {{A}} Tutorial on Network Analysis of Personality Data in {{R}}},
	urldate = {2023-03-25},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2015},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2014.07.003}}

@article{cramerComorbidityNetworkPerspective2010,
	abstract = {The pivotal problem of comorbidity research lies in the psychometric foundation it rests on, that is, latent variable theory, in which a mental disorder is viewed as a latent variable that causes a constellation of symptoms. From this perspective, comorbidity is a (bi)directional relationship between multiple latent variables. We argue that such a latent variable perspective encounters serious problems in the study of comorbidity, and offer a radically different conceptualization in terms of a network approach, where comorbidity is hypothesized to arise from direct relations between symptoms of multiple disorders. We propose a method to visualize comorbidity networks and, based on an empirical network for major depression and generalized anxiety, we argue that this approach generates realistic hypotheses about pathways to comorbidity, overlapping symptoms, and diagnostic boundaries, that are not naturally accommodated by latent variable models: Some pathways to comorbidity through the symptom space are more likely than others; those pathways generally have the same direction (i.e., from symptoms of one disorder to symptoms of the other); overlapping symptoms play an important role in comorbidity; and boundaries between diagnostic categories are necessarily fuzzy.},
	author = {Cramer, Ang{\'e}lique O. J. and Waldorp, Lourens J. and {van der Maas}, Han L. J. and Borsboom, Denny},
	doi = {10.1017/S0140525X09991567},
	issn = {1469-1825},
	journal = {The Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
	keywords = {Comorbidity,Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Humans,Mental Disorders,{Models, Psychological}},
	langid = {english},
	month = jun,
	number = {2-3},
	pages = {137-150; discussion 150-193},
	pmid = {20584369},
	shorttitle = {Comorbidity},
	title = {Comorbidity: A Network Perspective},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2010},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X09991567}}

@article{crielaardRefiningCausalLoop2022,
	abstract = {Complexity science and systems thinking are increasingly recognized as relevant paradigms for studying systems where biology, psychology, and socioenvironmental factors interact. The application of systems thinking, however, often stops at developing a conceptual model that visualizes the mapping of causal links within a system, e.g., a causal loop diagram (CLD). While this is an important contribution in itself, it is imperative to subsequently formulate a computable version of a CLD in order to interpret the dynamics of the modeled system and simulate "what if" scenarios. We propose to realize this by deriving knowledge from experts' mental models in biopsychosocial domains. This article first describes the steps required for capturing expert knowledge in a CLD such that it may result in a computational system dynamics model (SDM). For this purpose, we introduce several annotations to the CLD that facilitate this intended conversion. This annotated CLD (aCLD) includes sources of evidence, intermediary variables, functional forms of causal links, and the distinction between uncertain and known-to-be-absent causal links. We propose an algorithm for developing an aCLD that includes these annotations. We then describe how to formulate an SDM based on the aCLD. The described steps for this conversion help identify, quantify, and potentially reduce sources of uncertainty and obtain confidence in the results of the SDM's simulations. We utilize a running example that illustrates each step of this conversion process. The systematic approach described in this article facilitates and advances the application of computational science methods to biopsychosocial systems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).},
	annotation = {5 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Crielaard, Loes and Uleman, Jeroen F and Ch{\^a}tel, Bas D L and Epskamp, Sacha and Sloot, Peter M A and Quax, Rick},
	doi = {10.1037/met0000484},
	issn = {1939-1463},
	journal = {Psychological methods},
	langid = {english},
	month = may,
	pmid = {35549316},
	shorttitle = {Refining the Causal Loop Diagram},
	title = {Refining the Causal Loop Diagram: {{A}} Tutorial for Maximizing the Contribution of Domain Expertise in Computational System Dynamics Modeling},
	urldate = {2023-03-16},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000484}}

@article{cronbachTwoDisciplinesScientific1957,
	abstract = {"No man can be acquainted with all of psychology today." The past and future place within psychology of 2 historic streams of method, thought, and affiliation\textemdash experimental psychology and correlational psychology\textemdash is discussed in this address of the President at the 65th annual convention of the APA. "The well-known virtue of the experimental method is that it brings situational variables under tight control\ldots{} . The correlation method, for its part, can study what man has not learned to control or can never hope to control\ldots{} . A true federation of the disciplines is required. Kept independent, they can give only wrong answers or no answers at all regarding certain important problems\ldots{} . Correlational psychology studies only variance among organisms; experimental psychology studies only variance among treatments. A united discipline will study both of these, but it will also be concerned with the otherwise neglected interactions between organismic and treatment variables. Our job is to invent constructs and to form a network of laws which permits prediction." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {1433 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Cronbach, Lee J.},
	doi = {10.1037/h0043943},
	issn = {1935-990X},
	journal = {American Psychologist},
	keywords = {Experimental Psychology,History of Psychology},
	pages = {671--684},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	title = {The Two Disciplines of Scientific Psychology},
	volume = {12},
	year = {1957},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043943}}

@techreport{dablanderAnticipatingCriticalTransitions2020,
	author = {Dablander, Fabian and Pichler, Anton and Cika, Arta and Bacilieri, Andrea},
	title = {Anticipating {{Critical Transitions}} in {{Psychological Systems}} Using {{Early Warning Signals}}: {{Theoretical}} and {{Practical Consideration}}},
	year = {2020}}

@article{dablanderAnticipatingCriticalTransitions2022,
	abstract = {Many real-world systems can exhibit tipping points and multiple stable states, creating the potential for sudden and difficult to reverse transitions into a less desirable regime. The theory of dynamical systems points to the existence of generic early warning signals that may precede these so-called critical transitions. Recently, psychologists have begun to conceptualize mental disorders such as depression as an alternative stable state, and suggested that early warning signals based on the phenomenon of critical slowing down might be useful for predicting transitions into depression and other psychiatric disorders. Harnessing the potential of early warning signals requires us to understand their limitations as well as the factors influencing their performance in practice. In this article, we (a) review limitations of early warning signals based on critical slowing down to better understand when they can and cannot occur, and (b) study the conditions under which early warning signals may anticipate critical transitions in online-monitoring settings by simulating from a bistable dynamical system, varying crucial features such as sampling frequency, noise intensity, and speed of approaching the tipping point. We find that, in sharp contrast to their reputation of being generic or model-agnostic, whether early warning signals occur or not strongly depends on the specifics of the system. We also find that they are very sensitive to noise, potentially limiting their utility in practical applications. We discuss the implications of our findings and provide suggestions and recommendations for future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {6 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Dablander, Fabian and Pichler, Anton and Cika, Arta and Bacilieri, Andrea},
	doi = {10.1037/met0000450},
	issn = {1939-1463},
	journal = {Psychological Methods},
	keywords = {Major Depression,Mental Disorders,Statistical Analysis,Systems Theory,Warnings},
	pages = {No Pagination Specified-No Pagination Specified},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	shorttitle = {Anticipating Critical Transitions in Psychological Systems Using Early Warning Signals},
	title = {Anticipating Critical Transitions in Psychological Systems Using Early Warning Signals: {{Theoretical}} and Practical Considerations},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000450}}

@incollection{dablanderCausalInference2021,
	author = {Dablander, Fabian and {van Bork}, Riet},
	booktitle = {Network {{Psychometrics}} with {{R}}},
	pages = {213--232},
	publisher = {{Routledge}},
	series = {N {{Isvoranu}}, {{A}}. {{M}}., {{Epskamp}}, {{S}}., {{Waldorp}}, {{L}}. {{J}}., \& {{Borsboom}}, {{D}}. ({{Eds}}.). {{Network}} Psychometrics with {{R}}: {{A}} Guide for Behavioral and Social Scientists. {{Routledge}}, {{Taylor}} \& {{Francis Group}}.},
	title = {Causal Inference},
	year = {2021}}

@article{dablanderNodeCentralityMeasures2019,
	abstract = {Network models have become a valuable tool in making sense of a diverse range of social, biological, and information systems. These models marry graph and probability theory to visualize, understand, and interpret variables and their relations as nodes and edges in a graph. Many applications of network models rely on undirected graphs in which the absence of an edge between two nodes encodes conditional independence between the corresponding variables. To gauge the importance of nodes in such a network, various node centrality measures have become widely used, especially in psychology and neuroscience. It is intuitive to interpret nodes with high centrality measures as being important in a causal sense. Using the causal framework based on directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), we show that the relation between causal influence and node centrality measures is not straightforward. In particular, the correlation between causal influence and several node centrality measures is weak, except for eigenvector centrality. Our results provide a cautionary tale: if the underlying real-world system can be modeled as a DAG, but researchers interpret nodes with high centrality as causally important, then this may result in sub-optimal interventions.},
	annotation = {66 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Dablander, Fabian and Hinne, Max},
	copyright = {2019 The Author(s)},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-43033-9},
	issn = {2045-2322},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	keywords = {Human behaviour,Network models},
	langid = {english},
	month = may,
	number = {1},
	pages = {6846},
	publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
	title = {Node Centrality Measures Are a Poor Substitute for Causal Inference},
	urldate = {2023-05-18},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43033-9}}

@article{dakosMethodsDetectingEarly2012,
	author = {Dakos, Vasilis and Carpenter, Stephen R. and Brock, William A. and Ellison, Aaron M. and Guttal, Vishwesha and Ives, Anthony R. and K{\'e}fi, Sonia and Livina, Valerie and Seekell, David A. and {van Nes}, Egbert H. and Scheffer, Marten},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0041010},
	issn = {1932-6203},
	journal = {PloS One},
	langid = {english},
	number = {7},
	pages = {e41010},
	pmid = {22815897 PMCID: PMC3398887},
	title = {Methods for Detecting Early Warnings of Critical Transitions in Time Series Illustrated Using Simulated Ecological Data},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2012},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041010}}

@article{dalegeAccurateBeingNoisy2020,
	abstract = {In this article, we model implicit attitude measures using our network theory of attitudes. The model rests on the assumption that implicit measures limit attitudinal entropy reduction, because implicit measures represent a measurement outcome that is the result of evaluating the attitude object in a quick and effortless manner. Implicit measures therefore assess attitudes in high entropy states (i.e., inconsistent and unstable states). In a simulation, we illustrate the implications of our network theory for implicit measures. The results of this simulation show a paradoxical result: Implicit measures can provide a more accurate assessment of conflicting evaluative reactions to an attitude object (e.g., evaluative reactions not in line with the dominant evaluative reactions) than explicit measures, because they assess these properties in a noisier and less reliable manner. We conclude that our network theory of attitudes increases the connection between substantive theorizing on attitudes and psychometric properties of implicit measures. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	author = {Dalege, Jonas and {van der Maas}, Han L. J.},
	doi = {10.1521/soco.2020.38.supp.s26},
	issn = {1943-2798},
	journal = {Social Cognition},
	keywords = {Explicit Attitudes,Implicit Attitudes,Implicit Measures,Measurement,Models,Psychological Theories,Simulation},
	number = {Suppl},
	pages = {S26-S41},
	publisher = {{Guilford Publications}},
	shorttitle = {Accurate by Being Noisy},
	title = {Accurate by Being Noisy: {{A}} Formal Network Model of Implicit Measures of Attitudes},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2020.38.supp.s26}}

@article{dalegeAttitudinalEntropyAE2018,
	abstract = {This article introduces the Attitudinal Entropy (AE) framework, which builds on the Causal Attitude Network model that conceptualizes attitudes as Ising networks. The AE framework rests on three propositions. First, attitude inconsistency and instability are two related indications of attitudinal entropy, a measure of randomness derived from thermodynamics. Second, energy of attitude configurations serves as a local processing strategy to reduce the global entropy of attitude networks. Third, directing attention to and thinking about attitude objects reduces attitudinal entropy. We first discuss several determinants of attitudinal entropy reduction and show that several findings in the attitude literature, such as the mere thought effect on attitude polarization and the effects of heuristic versus systematic processing of arguments, follow from the AE framework. Second, we discuss the AE framework's implications for ambivalence and cognitive dissonance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{United Kingdom}},
	author = {Dalege, Jonas and Borsboom, Denny and {van Harreveld}, Frenk and {van der Maas}, Han L. J.},
	doi = {10.1080/1047840X.2018.1537246},
	issn = {1532-7965},
	journal = {Psychological Inquiry},
	keywords = {Attention,Attitude Formation,Cognitive Dissonance,Heuristics},
	number = {4},
	pages = {175--193},
	publisher = {{Taylor \& Francis}},
	title = {The {{Attitudinal Entropy}} ({{AE}}) Framework as a General Theory of Individual Attitudes},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2018.1537246}}

@article{dalegeFormalApproachAttitude2020,
	author = {Dalege, Jonas},
	keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
	langid = {english},
	title = {A Formal Approach to Attitude},
	urldate = {2023-03-29},
	year = {2020}}

@article{dalegeFormalizedAccountAttitudes2016,
	abstract = {This article introduces the Causal Attitude Network (CAN) model, which conceptualizes attitudes as networks consisting of evaluative reactions and interactions between these reactions. Relevant evaluative reactions include beliefs, feelings, and behaviors toward the attitude object. Interactions between these reactions arise through direct causal influences (e.g., the belief that snakes are dangerous causes fear of snakes) and mechanisms that support evaluative consistency between related contents of evaluative reactions (e.g., people tend to align their belief that snakes are useful with their belief that snakes help maintain ecological balance). In the CAN model, the structure of attitude networks conforms to a small-world structure: evaluative reactions that are similar to each other form tight clusters, which are connected by a sparser set of ``shortcuts'' between them. We argue that the CAN model provides a realistic formalized measurement model of attitudes and therefore fills a crucial gap in the attitude literature. Furthermore, the CAN model provides testable predictions for the structure of attitudes and how they develop, remain stable, and change over time. Attitude strength is conceptualized in terms of the connectivity of attitude networks and we show that this provides a parsimonious account of the differences between strong and weak attitudes. We discuss the CAN model in relation to possible extensions, implication for the assessment of attitudes, and possibilities for further study. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	author = {Dalege, Jonas and Borsboom, Denny and {van Harreveld}, Frenk and {van den Berg}, Helma and Conner, Mark and {van der Maas}, Han L. J.},
	doi = {10.1037/a0039802},
	issn = {1939-1471},
	journal = {Psychological Review},
	keywords = {Attitude Measures,Attitudes,Causality,Connectionism,Emotions,Mathematical Modeling},
	number = {1},
	pages = {2--22},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	shorttitle = {Toward a Formalized Account of Attitudes},
	title = {Toward a Formalized Account of Attitudes: {{The Causal Attitude Network}} ({{CAN}}) Model},
	volume = {123},
	year = {2016},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039802}}

@article{dandekarBiasedAssimilationHomophily2013,
	abstract = {We study the issue of polarization in society through a model of opinion formation. We say an opinion formation process is polarizing if it results in increased divergence of opinions. Empirical studies have shown that homophily, i.e., greater interaction between like-minded individuals, results in polarization. However, we show that DeGroot's well-known model of opinion formation based on repeated averaging can never be polarizing, even if individuals are arbitrarily homophilous. We generalize DeGroot's model to account for a phenomenon well known in social psychology as biased assimilation: When presented with mixed or inconclusive evidence on a complex issue, individuals draw undue support for their initial position, thereby arriving at a more extreme opinion. We show that in a simple model of homophilous networks, our biased opinion formation process results in polarization if individuals are sufficiently biased. In other words, homophily alone, without biased assimilation, is not sufficient to polarize society. Quite interestingly, biased assimilation also provides a framework to analyze the polarizing effect of Internet-based recommender systems that show us personalized content.},
	annotation = {235 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Dandekar, Pranav and Goel, Ashish and Lee, David T.},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1217220110},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	month = apr,
	number = {15},
	pages = {5791--5796},
	publisher = {{Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}},
	title = {Biased Assimilation, Homophily, and the Dynamics of Polarization},
	urldate = {2023-04-20},
	volume = {110},
	year = {2013},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1217220110}}

@article{dattaguptaTricriticalPointQualitative1981,
	abstract = {The concept of tricritical points is introduced by way of examples of ordinary liquid mixture and mixtures of normal He3 and superfluid He4 A prototype Ising spin model is used for a qualitative discussion of the mechanisms behind the occurrence of tricritical phenomena Mention is also made of the other theoretical developments (author)},
	address = {{India}},
	annotation = {2 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13] INIS Reference Number: 14789346},
	author = {Dattagupta, S.},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02908488},
	journal = {Bull Mat Sci},
	number = {2},
	pages = {133--139},
	title = {The Tricritical Point - a Qualitative Review},
	volume = {3},
	year = {1981},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02908488}}

@article{daughertyMathematicalModelsBipolar2009,
	abstract = {We use limit cycle oscillators to model bipolar II disorder, which is characterized by alternating hypomanic and depressive episodes and afflicts about 1\% of the United States adult population. We consider two non-linear oscillator models of a single bipolar patient. In both frameworks, we begin with an untreated individual and examine the mathematical effects and resulting biological consequences of treatment. We also briefly consider the dynamics of interacting bipolar II individuals using weakly-coupled, weakly-damped harmonic oscillators. We discuss how the proposed models can be used as a framework for refined models that incorporate additional biological data. We conclude with a discussion of possible generalizations of our work, as there are several biologically-motivated extensions that can be readily incorporated into the series of models presented here.},
	annotation = {30 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Daugherty, Darryl and {Roque-Urrea}, Tairi and {Urrea-Roque}, John and Troyer, Jessica and Wirkus, Stephen and Porter, Mason A.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cnsns.2008.10.027},
	issn = {1007-5704},
	journal = {Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation},
	keywords = {Averaging,Bipolar disorder,Lienard oscillators,Limit cycle oscillators},
	langid = {english},
	month = jul,
	number = {7},
	pages = {2897--2908},
	title = {Mathematical Models of Bipolar Disorder},
	urldate = {2023-03-31},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2009},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2008.10.027}}

@article{deboerSimplePhasePlane2018,
	author = {{de Boer}, Rob J},
	langid = {english},
	number = {20},
	title = {Simple Phase Plane Analysis and Parameter Estimation in {{R}}},
	year = {2018}}

@article{deffuantMixingBeliefsInteracting2000,
	abstract = {We present a model of opinion dynamics in which agents adjust continuous opinions as a result of random binary encounters whenever their difference in opinion is below a given threshold. High thresholds yield convergence of opinions towards an average opinion, whereas low thresholds result in several opinion clusters: members of the same cluster share the same opinion but are no longer influenced by members of other clusters.},
	annotation = {1276 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Deffuant, Guillaume and Neau, David and Amblard, Frederic and Weisbuch, G{\'e}rard},
	doi = {10.1142/S0219525900000078},
	journal = {Advances in Complex Systems (ACS)},
	langid = {english},
	number = {01n04},
	pages = {87--98},
	publisher = {{World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.}},
	title = {Mixing Beliefs among Interacting Agents},
	urldate = {2023-04-22},
	volume = {03},
	year = {2000},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219525900000078}}

@article{dellapostaPluralisticCollapseOil2020,
	abstract = {Despite widespread feeling that public opinion in the United States has become dramatically polarized along political lines, empirical support for such a pattern is surprisingly elusive. Reporting little evidence of mass polarization, previous studies assume polarization is evidenced via the amplification of existing political alignments. This article considers a different pathway: polarization occurring via social, cultural, and political alignments coming to encompass an increasingly diverse array of opinions and attitudes. The study uses 44 years of data from the General Social Survey representing opinions and attitudes across a wide array of domains as elements in an evolving belief network. Analyses of this network produce evidence that mass polarization has increased via a process of belief consolidation, entailing the collapse of previously cross-cutting alignments, thus creating increasingly broad and encompassing clusters organized around cohesive packages of beliefs. Further, the increasing salience of political ideology and partisanship only partly explains this trend. The structure of U.S. opinion has shifted in ways suggesting troubling implications for proponents of political and social pluralism.},
	annotation = {57 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {DellaPosta, Daniel},
	doi = {10.1177/0003122420922989},
	eprint = {48595846},
	eprinttype = {jstor},
	issn = {0003-1224},
	journal = {American Sociological Review},
	number = {3},
	pages = {507--536},
	publisher = {{[American Sociological Association, Sage Publications, Inc.]}},
	shorttitle = {Pluralistic {{Collapse}}},
	title = {Pluralistic {{Collapse}}: {{The}} ``{{Oil Spill}}'' {{Model}} of {{Mass Opinion Polarization}}},
	urldate = {2023-04-24},
	volume = {85},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122420922989}}

@article{demooijDynamicsSleepExploring2020,
	abstract = {Background and objectives In standard practice, sleep is classified into distinct stages by human observers according to specific rules as for instance specified in the AASM manual. We here show proof of principle for a conceptualization of sleep stages as attractor states in a nonlinear dynamical system in order to develop new empirical criteria for sleep stages. Methods EEG (single channel) of two healthy sleeping participants was used to demonstrate this conceptualization. Firstly, distinct EEG epochs were selected, both detected by a MLR classifier and through manual scoring. Secondly, change point analysis was used to identify abrupt changes in the EEG signal. Thirdly, these detected change points were evaluated on whether they were preceded by early warning signals. Results Multiple change points were identified in the EEG signal, mostly in interplay with N2. The dynamics before these changes revealed, for a part of the change points, indicators of generic early warning signals, characteristic of complex systems (e.g., ecosystems, climate, epileptic seizures, global finance systems). Conclusions The sketched new framework for studying critical transitions in sleep EEG might benefit the understanding of individual and pathological differences in the dynamics of sleep stage transitions. Formalising sleep as a nonlinear dynamical system can be useful for definitions of sleep quality, i.e. stability and accessibility of an equilibrium state, and disrupted sleep, i.e. constant shifting between instable sleep states.},
	annotation = {11 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {{de Mooij}, Susanne M. M. and Blanken, Tessa F. and Grasman, Raoul P. P. P. and Ramautar, Jennifer R. and Van Someren, Eus J. W. and {van der Maas}, Han L. J.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105448},
	issn = {0169-2607},
	journal = {Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine},
	keywords = {Change point analysis,Complex dynamic system,Critical transition,Early warning,Sleep stage,Time series analysis},
	langid = {english},
	month = sep,
	pages = {105448},
	shorttitle = {Dynamics of Sleep},
	title = {Dynamics of Sleep: {{Exploring}} Critical Transitions and Early Warning Signals},
	urldate = {2023-01-07},
	volume = {193},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105448}}

@article{denhartighDynamicNetworkModel2016,
	abstract = {Across different domains, from sports to science, some individuals accomplish excellent levels of performance. For over 150 years, researchers have debated the roles of specific nature and nurture components to develop excellence. In this article, we argue that the key to excellence does not reside in specific underlying components, but rather in the ongoing interactions among the components. We propose that excellence emerges out of dynamic networks consisting of idiosyncratic mixtures of interacting components such as genetic endowment, motivation, practice, and coaching. Using computer simulations we demonstrate that the dynamic network model accurately predicts typical properties of excellence reported in the literature, such as the idiosyncratic developmental trajectories leading to excellence and the highly skewed distributions of productivity present in virtually any achievement domain. Based on this novel theoretical perspective on excellent human performance, this article concludes by suggesting policy implications and directions for future research.},
	annotation = {27 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Den Hartigh, Ruud J. R. and Van Dijk, Marijn W. G. and Steenbeek, Henderien W. and Van Geert, Paul L. C.},
	doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532},
	issn = {1664-1078},
	journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
	title = {A {{Dynamic Network Model}} to {{Explain}} the {{Development}} of {{Excellent Human Performance}}},
	urldate = {2023-03-23},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2016},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00532}}

@article{desernoHighwaysHappinessAutistic2020,
	abstract = {The network approach to psychological phenomena advances our understanding of the interrelations between autism and well-being. We use the Perceived Causal Relations methodology in order to (i) identify perceived causal pathways in the well-being system, (ii) validate networks based on self-report data, and (iii) quantify and integrate clinical expertise in autism research. Trained clinicians served as raters (N = 29) completing 374 cause-effects ratings of 34 variables on well-being and symptomatology. A subgroup (N = 16) of raters chose intervention targets in the resulting network which we found to match the respective centrality of nodes. Clinicians' perception of causal relations was similar to the interrelatedness found in self-reported client data (N = 323). We present a useful tool for translating clinical expertise into quantitative information enabling future research to integrate this in scientific studies.},
	annotation = {6 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Deserno, Marie K. and Borsboom, Denny and Begeer, Sander and {van Bork}, Riet and Hinne, Max and Geurts, Hilde M.},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0243298},
	issn = {1932-6203},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	keywords = {Autism,Autism spectrum disorder,Centrality,Clinical psychology,Depression,Emotions,Mental health and psychiatry,Network analysis},
	langid = {english},
	month = dec,
	number = {12},
	pages = {e0243298},
	publisher = {{Public Library of Science}},
	shorttitle = {Highways to Happiness for Autistic Adults?},
	title = {Highways to Happiness for Autistic Adults? {{Perceived}} Causal Relations among Clinicians},
	urldate = {2023-04-10},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243298}}

@article{dodsonAllopatricSpeciationFold1977,
	abstract = {Using ideas similar to Simpson's "selection landscape," we set up a model of a population in a homogenous environment which varies gradually with time and location. This model exhibits allopatric speciation at the periphery of its range and reinvasion by the descendant species, without postulating the appearance and disappearance of geographic barriers. Thom's celebrated theory of catastrophes implies that it can be safely assumed in this model that any allopatric speciation must arise from the fold catastrophe. The theory also predicts that the morphological variation in the vicinity of the speciation obeys a "square root" law, which in principle can be tested.},
	annotation = {16 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Dodson, M. M. and Hallam, A.},
	doi = {10.1086/283176},
	issn = {0003-0147},
	journal = {The American Naturalist},
	month = may,
	number = {979},
	pages = {415--433},
	publisher = {{The University of Chicago Press}},
	title = {Allopatric {{Speciation}} and the {{Fold Catastrophe}}},
	urldate = {2023-01-23},
	volume = {111},
	year = {1977},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1086/283176}}

@article{dolanFittingMultivariageNormal1998,
	abstract = {This paper is about fitting multivariate normal mixture distributions subject to structural equation modeling. The general model comprises commonfactor and structural regression models. The introduction of covariance and mean structure models reduces the number of parameters to be estimated in fitting the mixture and enables one to investigate a variety of substantive hypotheses concerning the differences between the components in the mixture. Within the general model, individual parameters can be subjected to equality, nonlinear and simple bounds constraints. Confidenceintervals are based on the inverse of the Hessian and on the likelihood profile. Several illustrations are given and results of a simulation study concerning the confidence intervals are reported.},
	annotation = {118 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Dolan, Conor V. and {van der Maas}, Han L. J.},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02294853},
	issn = {0033-3123, 1860-0980},
	journal = {Psychometrika},
	langid = {english},
	month = sep,
	number = {3},
	pages = {227--253},
	title = {Fitting Multivariage Normal Finite Mixtures Subject to Structural Equation Modeling},
	urldate = {2023-01-28},
	volume = {63},
	year = {1998},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02294853}}

@article{dongSurveyFusionProcess2018,
	abstract = {Opinion dynamics is a fusion process of individual opinions, in which a group of interacting agents continuously fuse their opinions on the same issue based on established fusion rules to reach a consensus, polarization, or fragmentation in the final stage. To date, many studies have been conducted on opinion dynamics. To provide a clear perspective on the fusion process in opinion dynamics, this paper presents a review of the framework and formulation of opinion dynamics as well as some basic models, extensions, and applications. Based on the insights gained from prior studies, several open problems are proposed for future research.},
	annotation = {204 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Dong, Yucheng and Zhan, Min and Kou, Gang and Ding, Zhaogang and Liang, Haiming},
	doi = {10.1016/j.inffus.2017.11.009},
	issn = {1566-2535},
	journal = {Information Fusion},
	keywords = {Consensus,Fusion process,Group decision making,Opinion dynamics},
	langid = {english},
	month = sep,
	pages = {57--65},
	title = {A Survey on the Fusion Process in Opinion Dynamics},
	urldate = {2023-04-20},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2017.11.009}}

@article{dorogovtsevEvolutionNetworks2002,
	abstract = {We review the recent rapid progress in the statistical physics of evolving networks. Interest has focused mainly on the structural properties of complex networks in communications, biology, social sciences and economics. A number of giant artificial networks of this kind have recently been created, which opens a wide field for the study of their topology, evolution, and the complex processes which occur in them. Such networks possess a rich set of scaling properties. A number of them are scale-free and show striking resilience against random breakdowns. In spite of the large sizes of these networks, the distances between most of their vertices are short - a feature known as the 'small-world' effect. We discuss how growing networks self-organize into scale-free structures, and investigate the role of the mechanism of preferential linking. We consider the topological and structural properties of evolving networks, and percolation and disease spread on these networks. We present a number of models demonstrating the main features of evolving networks and discuss current approaches for their simulation and analytical study. Applications of the general results to particular networks in nature are discussed. We demonstrate the generic connections of the network growth processes with the general problems of non-equilibrium physics, econophysics, evolutionary biology, and so on.},
	annotation = {2086 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Dorogovtsev, S. N. and Mendes, J. F. F.},
	doi = {10.1080/00018730110112519},
	issn = {0001-8732},
	journal = {Advances in Physics},
	month = jun,
	number = {4},
	pages = {1079--1187},
	publisher = {{Taylor \& Francis}},
	title = {Evolution of Networks},
	urldate = {2023-04-04},
	volume = {51},
	year = {2002},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00018730110112519}}

@article{douglasPsychologyConspiracyTheories2017,
	abstract = {What psychological factors drive the popularity of conspiracy theories, which explain important events as secret plots by powerful and malevolent groups? What are the psychological consequences of adopting these theories? We review the current research and find that it answers the first of these questions more thoroughly than the second. Belief in conspiracy theories appears to be driven by motives that can be characterized as epistemic (understanding one's environment), existential (being safe and in control of one's environment), and social (maintaining a positive image of the self and the social group). However, little research has investigated the consequences of conspiracy belief, and to date, this research does not indicate that conspiracy belief fulfills people's motivations. Instead, for many people, conspiracy belief may be more appealing than satisfying. Further research is needed to determine for whom, and under what conditions, conspiracy theories may satisfy key psychological motives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {513 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Douglas, Karen M. and Sutton, Robbie M. and Cichocka, Aleksandra},
	doi = {10.1177/0963721417718261},
	issn = {1467-8721},
	journal = {Current Directions in Psychological Science},
	keywords = {Attitudes,Motivation,Needs,Psychology,Theories},
	pages = {538--542},
	publisher = {{Sage Publications}},
	title = {The Psychology of Conspiracy Theories},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721417718261}}

@article{dresp-langleySevenPropertiesSelfOrganization2020,
	author = {{Dresp-Langley}, Birgitta},
	journal = {Big Data and Cognitive Computing},
	keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
	number = {4},
	pages = {10},
	title = {Seven {{Properties}} of {{Self-Organization}} in the {{Human Brain}}},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2020}}

@article{duckworthMetaanalysisConvergentValidity2011,
	abstract = {There is extraordinary diversity in how the construct of self-control is operationalized in research studies. We meta-analytically examined evidence of convergent validity among executive function, delay of gratification, and self- and informant-report questionnaire measures of self-control. Overall, measures demonstrated moderate convergence (rrandom=.27 [95\% CI=.24, .30]; rfixed=.34 [.33,.35], k=282 samples, N=33,564 participants), although there was substantial heterogeneity in the observed correlations. Correlations within and across types of self-control measures were strongest for informant-report questionnaires and weakest for executive function tasks. Questionnaires assessing sensation seeking impulses could be distinguished from questionnaires assessing processes of impulse regulation. We conclude that self-control is a coherent but multidimensional construct best assessed using multiple methods.},
	annotation = {562 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Duckworth, Angela Lee and Kern, Margaret L.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jrp.2011.02.004},
	issn = {0092-6566},
	journal = {Journal of Research in Personality},
	keywords = {Convergent validity,Impulsivity,Meta-analysis,Multi-method measurement,Self-control,Self-regulation},
	langid = {english},
	month = jun,
	number = {3},
	pages = {259--268},
	title = {A Meta-Analysis of the Convergent Validity of Self-Control Measures},
	urldate = {2023-03-16},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2011},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2011.02.004}}

@book{durlaufSocialDynamics2001,
	abstract = {Economists have traditionally studied aggregate behavior as the outcome of individual decisions made interactively, while sociologists have focused on the role of social influences on individual behavior. Over the past decade, however, the barriers between the disciplines have broken down, resulting in the new area of social economics. Social economics is based on the assumption that individuals are directly influenced by the choices and characteristics of others, creating a feedback loop from the past choices of some people to the current social context and hence future choices of others. The essays in this book, by some of the creators of the field, provide an overview of social economics and represent a variety of approaches, including theoretical model-building, empirical studies, statistical analyses, and philosophical reflections.},
	author = {Durlauf, Steven N. and Young, H. Peyton},
	googlebooks = {DBiyi8Ubih4C},
	isbn = {978-0-262-54176-3},
	langid = {english},
	publisher = {{MIT Press}},
	title = {Social {{Dynamics}}},
	year = {2001}}

@article{dutilhPhaseTransitionModel2011,
	author = {Dutilh, Gilles and Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan and Visser, Ingmar and Maas, van der Han L. J.},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1551-6709.2010.01147.x},
	issn = {1551-6709},
	journal = {Cognitive Science},
	langid = {english},
	number = {2},
	pages = {211--250},
	title = {A {{Phase Transition Model}} for the {{Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off}} in {{Response Time Experiments}}},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2011},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-6709.2010.01147.x}}

@article{edelmannComputationalSocialScience2020,
	abstract = {The integration of social science with computer science and engineering fields has produced a new area of study: computational social science. This field applies computational methods to novel sources of digital data such as social media, administrative records, and historical archives to develop theories of human behavior. We review the evolution of this field within sociology via bibliometric analysis and in-depth analysis of the following subfields where this new work is appearing most rapidly: (a) social network analysis and group formation; (b) collective behavior and political sociology; (c) the sociology of knowledge; (d) cultural sociology, social psychology, and emotions; (e) the production of culture; (f) economic sociology and organizations; and (g) demography and population studies. Our review reveals that sociologists are not only at the center of cutting-edge research that addresses longstanding questions about human behavior but also developing new lines of inquiry about digital spaces as well. We conclude by discussing challenging new obstacles in the field, calling for increased attention to sociological theory, and identifying new areas where computational social science might be further integrated into mainstream sociology.},
	annotation = {79 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Edelmann, Achim and Wolff, Tom and Montagne, Danielle and Bail, Christopher A.},
	doi = {10.1146/annurev-soc-121919-054621},
	journal = {Annual Review of Sociology},
	keywords = {computational social science,cultural sociology,demography,economic sociology,machine learning,network analysis,political sociology,social psychology,sociology of knowledge,text analysis},
	number = {1},
	pages = {61--81},
	title = {Computational {{Social Science}} and {{Sociology}}},
	urldate = {2023-06-13},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-121919-054621}}

@book{edelmanNeuralDarwinismTheory1987,
	abstract = {"Neural Darwinism" ranges over many disciplines, focusing on key problems in developmental and evolutionary biology, anatomy, physiology, ethology, and psychology. This book should therefore prove indispensable to advanced undergraduate and graduate students in these fields, to students of medicine, and to those in the social sciences concerned with the relation of behavior to biology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{New York, NY, US}},
	author = {Edelman, Gerald M.},
	isbn = {978-0-465-04934-9},
	keywords = {Behavior,Brain,Learning,Neural Pathways,Neurobiology,Perception},
	pages = {xxii, 371},
	publisher = {{Basic Books}},
	series = {Neural {{Darwinism}}: {{The}} Theory of Neuronal Group Selection},
	shorttitle = {Neural {{Darwinism}}},
	title = {Neural {{Darwinism}}: {{The}} Theory of Neuronal Group Selection},
	year = {1987}}

@article{edwardsNatureDirectionRelationships2000,
	abstract = {Theory development typically focuses on relationships among theoretical constructs, placing little emphasis on relationships between constructs and measures. In most cases, constructs are treated as causes of their measures. However, this causal flow is sometimes reversed, such that measures are viewed as causes of constructs. Procedures have been developed to identify and estimate models that specify constructs as causes or effects of measures. However, these procedures provide little guidance for determining a priori whether constructs should be specified as causes or effects of their measures. Moreover, these procedures address few of the possible causal structures by which constructs and measures may be related. This article develops principles for specifying the direction and structure of relationships between constructs and measures. These principles are illustrated using examples from psychological, sociological, and organizational research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {915 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Edwards, Jeffrey R. and Bagozzi, Richard P.},
	doi = {10.1037/1082-989X.5.2.155},
	issn = {1939-1463},
	journal = {Psychological Methods},
	keywords = {Statistical Analysis,Statistical Measurement,Statistical Validity,Theories,Theory Formulation},
	pages = {155--174},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	title = {On the Nature and Direction of Relationships between Constructs and Measures},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2000},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.5.2.155}}

@book{eigenHypercycle1979,
	address = {{Berlin, Heidelberg}},
	author = {Eigen, Manfred and Schuster, Peter},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-67247-7},
	isbn = {978-3-540-09293-3 978-3-642-67247-7},
	keywords = {Charles Darwin,Darwin,dynamics,evolution,genes,Hypercycle,translation},
	langid = {english},
	publisher = {{Springer}},
	title = {The {{Hypercycle}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-01},
	year = {1979},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67247-7}}

@incollection{eldredgePunctuatedEquilibriaAlternative1972,
	author = {Eldredge, Niles and Gould, Stephen Jay},
	booktitle = {Models in {{Paleobiology}}},
	editor = {Schopf, Thomas J. M.},
	pages = {82--115},
	publisher = {{Freeman Cooper}},
	shorttitle = {Punctuated {{Equilibria}}},
	title = {Punctuated {{Equilibria}}: {{An Alternative}} to {{Phyletic Gradualism}}},
	year = {1972}}

@book{eloRatingChessplayersPresent1978,
	address = {{New York}},
	author = {Elo, Arpad E.},
	isbn = {978-0-668-04721-0},
	keywords = {Chess players,Probabilities,Rating of},
	langid = {english},
	lccn = {GV1457.5 .E44 1978},
	publisher = {{Arco Pub}},
	title = {The Rating of Chessplayers, Past and Present},
	year = {1978}}

@article{elovainioSymptomConnectivityReally2021,
	abstract = {According to the network theory strong associations between symptoms drive the disease process. We compared those with and without diagnosed depressive disorders (DD+/DD-) and analysed the effects of differences in (a) network connectivity, (b) symptom thresholds, and (c) autoregressive loops (i.e. how strongly specific symptoms predict themselves) on the potential activation of symptoms over time using simulations developed by Cramer and others (2016). The parameters for the simulation (symptom connectivity and symptom threshold) were obtained from Ising models and cross-lagged panel network analyses. Data were from the nationally representative samples (Health 2000\textendash 2011 Study) of 4190 participants measured in 2011 (cross-sectional analyses) and 3201 participants measured in 2000 and 2011 (longitudinal analyses). DD diagnosis was based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and depressive symptoms were self-reported using the 13-item version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Differences in symptom connectivity between participants with and without DD were not observed, but the mean probability (threshold) of symptom existence in the DD~+~group was higher than in the DD-group (0.41 vs. 0.12). Simulation showed that there are more active symptoms in the DD~+~group after 10~000 time points (means 1.2 vs. 4.6) than in the DD-group. This difference largely disappeared when we used longitudinal networks, including autoregressive loops, in the connectivity matrix. Our results suggest that the differences in symptom thresholds and autoregressive loops may be more important features than symptom connectivity in differentiating people with and without DD.},
	annotation = {1 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Elovainio, Marko and Lipsanen, Jari and {Pulkki-R{\aa}back}, Laura and Suvisaari, Jaana and Hakulinen, Christian},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.08.004},
	issn = {0022-3956},
	journal = {Journal of Psychiatric Research},
	keywords = {Causality,Depression,Network,Symptoms},
	langid = {english},
	month = oct,
	pages = {250--257},
	shorttitle = {Is Symptom Connectivity Really the Most Important Issue in Depression?},
	title = {Is Symptom Connectivity Really the Most Important Issue in Depression? {{Depression}} as a Dynamic System of Interconnected Symptoms Revisited},
	urldate = {2023-03-25},
	volume = {142},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.08.004}}

@article{epskampEstimatingPsychologicalNetworks2018,
	abstract = {The usage of psychological networks that conceptualize behavior as a complex interplay of psychological and other components has gained increasing popularity in various research fields. While prior publications have tackled the topics of estimating and interpreting such networks, little work has been conducted to check how accurate (i.e., prone to sampling variation) networks are estimated, and how stable (i.e., interpretation remains similar with less observations) inferences from the network structure (such as centrality indices) are. In this tutorial paper, we aim to introduce the reader to this field and tackle the problem of accuracy under sampling variation. We first introduce the current state-of-the-art of network estimation. Second, we provide a rationale why researchers should investigate the accuracy of psychological networks. Third, we describe how bootstrap routines can be used to (A) assess the accuracy of estimated network connections, (B) investigate the stability of centrality indices, and (C) test whether network connections and centrality estimates for different variables differ from each other. We introduce two novel statistical methods: for (B) the correlation stability coefficient, and for (C) the bootstrapped difference test for edge-weights and centrality indices. We conducted and present simulation studies to assess the performance of both methods. Finally, we developed the free R-package bootnet that allows for estimating psychological networks in a generalized framework in addition to the proposed bootstrap methods. We showcase bootnet in a tutorial, accompanied by R syntax, in which we analyze a dataset of 359 women with posttraumatic stress disorder available online.},
	annotation = {1479 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Epskamp, Sacha and Borsboom, Denny and Fried, Eiko I.},
	doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-0862-1},
	issn = {1554-3528},
	journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
	keywords = {Bootstrap,Network psychometrics,Psychological networks,Replicability,Tutorial},
	langid = {english},
	month = feb,
	number = {1},
	pages = {195--212},
	shorttitle = {Estimating Psychological Networks and Their Accuracy},
	title = {Estimating Psychological Networks and Their Accuracy: {{A}} Tutorial Paper},
	urldate = {2023-03-17},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-017-0862-1}}

@article{epskampGaussianGraphicalModel2018,
	abstract = {We discuss the Gaussian graphical model (GGM; an undirected network of partial correlation coefficients) and detail its utility as an exploratory data analysis tool. The GGM shows which variables predict one-another, allows for sparse modeling of covariance structures, and may highlight potential causal relationships between observed variables. We describe the utility in three kinds of psychological data sets: data sets in which consecutive cases are assumed independent (e.g., cross-sectional data), temporally ordered data sets (e.g., n = 1 time series), and a mixture of the 2 (e.g., n {$>$} 1 time series). In time-series analysis, the GGM can be used to model the residual structure of a vector-autoregression analysis (VAR), also termed graphical VAR. Two network models can then be obtained: a temporal network and a contemporaneous network. When analyzing data from multiple subjects, a GGM can also be formed on the covariance structure of stationary means\textemdash the between-subjects network. We discuss the interpretation of these models and propose estimation methods to obtain these networks, which we implement in the R packages graphicalVAR and mlVAR. The methods are showcased in two empirical examples, and simulation studies on these methods are included in the supplementary materials.},
	annotation = {344 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Epskamp, Sacha and Waldorp, Lourens J. and M{\~o}ttus, Ren{\'e} and Borsboom, Denny},
	doi = {10.1080/00273171.2018.1454823},
	issn = {0027-3171},
	journal = {Multivariate Behavioral Research},
	keywords = {exploratory-data analysis,multilevel modeling,multivariate analysis,network modeling,Time-series analysis},
	month = jul,
	number = {4},
	pages = {453--480},
	pmid = {29658809},
	publisher = {{Routledge}},
	title = {The {{Gaussian Graphical Model}} in {{Cross-Sectional}} and {{Time-Series Data}}},
	urldate = {2023-05-26},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2018.1454823}}

@article{epskampGeneralizedNetworkPsychometrics2017,
	abstract = {We introduce the network model as a formal psychometric model, conceptualizing the covariance between psychometric indicators as resulting from pairwise interactions between observable variables in a network structure. This contrasts with standard psychometric models, in which the covariance between test items arises from the influence of one or more common latent variables. Here, we present two generalizations of the network model that encompass latent variable structures, establishing network modeling as parts of the more general framework of structural equation modeling (SEM). In the first generalization, we model the covariance structure of latent variables as a network. We term this framework latent network modeling (LNM) and show that, with LNM, a unique structure of conditional independence relationships between latent variables can be obtained in an explorative manner. In the second generalization, the residual variance\textendash covariance structure of indicators is modeled as a network. We term this generalization residual network modeling (RNM) and show that, within this framework, identifiable models can be obtained in which local independence is structurally violated. These generalizations allow for a general modeling framework that can be used to fit, and compare, SEM models, network models, and the RNM and LNM generalizations. This methodology has been implemented in the free-to-use software package lvnet, which contains confirmatory model testing as well as two exploratory search algorithms: stepwise search algorithms for low-dimensional datasets and penalized maximum likelihood estimation for larger datasets. We show in simulation studies that these search algorithms perform adequately in identifying the structure of the relevant residual or latent networks. We further demonstrate the utility of these generalizations in an empirical example on a personality inventory dataset.},
	annotation = {232 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Epskamp, Sacha and Rhemtulla, Mijke and Borsboom, Denny},
	doi = {10.1007/s11336-017-9557-x},
	issn = {1860-0980},
	journal = {Psychometrika},
	keywords = {network models,simulation study,software,structural equation modeling},
	langid = {english},
	month = dec,
	number = {4},
	pages = {904--927},
	shorttitle = {Generalized {{Network Psychometrics}}},
	title = {Generalized {{Network Psychometrics}}: {{Combining Network}} and {{Latent Variable Models}}},
	urldate = {2023-03-31},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-017-9557-x}}

@article{epskampIntermediateStableStates2022,
	abstract = {Many people across the world use potentially addictive legal and illegal substances, but evidence suggests that not all use leads to heavy use and dependence, as some substances are used moderately for long periods of time. Here, we empirically examine, the stability of and transitions between three substance use states: zero-use, moderate use, and heavy use. We investigate two large datasets from the US and the Netherlands on yearly usage and change of alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis. Results, which we make available through an extensive interactive tool, suggests that there are stable moderate use states, even after meeting criteria for a positive diagnosis of substance abuse or dependency, for both alcohol and cannabis use. Moderate use of tobacco, however, was rare. We discuss implications of recognizing three states rather than two states as a modeling target, in which the moderate use state can both act as an intervention target or as a gateway between zero use and heavy use.},
	annotation = {3 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Epskamp, Sacha and {van der Maas}, Han L. J. and Peterson, Roseann E. and {van Loo}, Hanna M. and Aggen, Steven H. and Kendler, Kenneth S.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107252},
	issn = {0306-4603},
	journal = {Addictive Behaviors},
	keywords = {Alcohol,Cannabis,Marijuana,Substance use,Tobacco,Transition modeling},
	langid = {english},
	month = jun,
	pages = {107252},
	title = {Intermediate Stable States in Substance Use},
	urldate = {2023-01-07},
	volume = {129},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107252}}

@article{epskampQgraphNetworkVisualizations2012,
	abstract = {We present the qgraph package for R, which provides an interface to visualize data through network modeling techniques. For instance, a correlation matrix can be represented as a network in which each variable is a node and each correlation an edge; by varying the width of the edges according to the magnitude of the correlation, the structure of the correlation matrix can be visualized. A wide variety of matrices that are used in statistics can be represented in this fashion, for example matrices that contain (implied) covariances, factor loadings, regression parameters and p values. qgraph can also be used as a psychometric tool, as it performs exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, using sem and lavaan; the output of these packages is automatically visualized in qgraph, which may aid the interpretation of results. In this article, we introduce qgraph by applying the package functions to data from the NEO-PI-R, a widely used personality questionnaire.},
	annotation = {1843 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Epskamp, Sacha and Cramer, Ang{\'e}lique O. J. and Waldorp, Lourens J. and Schmittmann, Verena D. and Borsboom, Denny},
	copyright = {Copyright (c) 2011 Sacha Epskamp, Ang\'elique O.J. Cramer, Lourens J. Waldorp, Verena D. Schmittmann, Denny Borsboom},
	doi = {10.18637/jss.v048.i04},
	issn = {1548-7660},
	journal = {Journal of Statistical Software},
	langid = {english},
	month = may,
	pages = {1--18},
	shorttitle = {Qgraph},
	title = {Qgraph: {{Network Visualizations}} of {{Relationships}} in {{Psychometric Data}}},
	urldate = {2023-03-17},
	volume = {48},
	year = {2012},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i04}}

@book{epsteinAgentZeroNeurocognitive2014,
	abstract = {The Final Volume of the Groundbreaking Trilogy on Agent-Based ModelingIn this pioneering synthesis, Joshua Epstein introduces a new theoretical entity: Agent\_Zero. This software individual, or "agent," is endowed with distinct emotional/affective, cognitive/deliberative, and social modules. Grounded in contemporary neuroscience, these internal components interact to generate observed, often far-from-rational, individual behavior. When multiple agents of this new type move and interact spatially, they collectively generate an astonishing range of dynamics spanning the fields of social conflict, psychology, public health, law, network science, and economics.Epstein weaves a computational tapestry with threads from Plato, Hume, Darwin, Pavlov, Smith, Tolstoy, Marx, James, and Dostoevsky, among others. This transformative synthesis of social philosophy, cognitive neuroscience, and agent-based modeling will fascinate scholars and students of every stripe. Epstein's computer programs are provided in the book or on its Princeton University Press website, along with movies of his "computational parables.?Agent\_Zero is a signal departure in what it includes (e.g., a new synthesis of neurally grounded internal modules), what it eschews (e.g., standard behavioral imitation), the phenomena it generates (from genocide to financial panic), and the modeling arsenal it offers the scientific community. For generative social science, Agent\_Zero presents a groundbreaking vision and the tools to realize it.},
	author = {Epstein, Joshua M.},
	googlebooks = {XmmYDwAAQBAJ},
	isbn = {978-0-691-15888-4},
	keywords = {Computers / Data Modeling \& Design,Mathematics / Applied,Mathematics / Linear \& Nonlinear Programming,Mathematics / Logic,Psychology / Cognitive Psychology \& Cognition,Science / Cognitive Science,Social Science / General},
	langid = {english},
	month = feb,
	publisher = {{Princeton University Press}},
	shorttitle = {Agent\_{{Zero}}},
	title = {Agent\_{{Zero}}: {{Toward Neurocognitive Foundations}} for {{Generative Social Science}}},
	year = {2014}}

@book{epsteinGenerativeSocialScience2006,
	abstract = {Agent-based computational modeling is changing the face of social science. In Generative Social Science, Joshua Epstein argues that this powerful, novel technique permits the social sciences to meet a fundamentally new standard of explanation, in which one "grows" the phenomenon of interest in an artificial society of interacting agents: heterogeneous, boundedly rational actors, represented as mathematical or software objects. After elaborating this notion of generative explanation in a pair of overarching foundational chapters, Epstein illustrates it with examples chosen from such far-flung fields as archaeology, civil conflict, the evolution of norms, epidemiology, retirement economics, spatial games, and organizational adaptation. In elegant chapter preludes, he explains how these widely diverse modeling studies support his sweeping case for generative explanation. This book represents a powerful consolidation of Epstein's interdisciplinary research activities in the decade since the publication of his and Robert Axtell's landmark volume, Growing Artificial Societies. Beautifully illustrated, Generative Social Science includes a CD that contains animated movies of core model runs, and programs allowing users to easily change assumptions and explore models, making it an invaluable text for courses in modeling at all levels.},
	author = {Epstein, Joshua M.},
	googlebooks = {543OS3qdxBYC},
	isbn = {978-0-691-12547-3},
	keywords = {Business \& Economics / Economics / Theory,Mathematics / Applied,Social Science / Research},
	langid = {english},
	publisher = {{Princeton University Press}},
	shorttitle = {Generative {{Social Science}}},
	title = {Generative {{Social Science}}: {{Studies}} in {{Agent-Based Computational Modeling}}},
	year = {2006}}

@book{epsteinGrowingArtificialSocieties1996,
	abstract = {How do social structures and group behaviors arise from the interaction of individuals? "Growing Artificial Societies" approaches this question using cutting-edge computer simulation techniques. Fundamental collective behaviors such as group formation, cultural transmission, combat, and trade are seen to "emerge" from the interaction of individual agents following a few simple rules.  In their model named Sugarscape, Epstein and Axtell begin the development of a "bottom up" social science. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{Cambridge, MA, US}},
	author = {Epstein, Joshua M. and Axtell, Robert},
	isbn = {978-0-262-05053-1 978-0-262-55025-3},
	keywords = {Collective Behavior,Computer Simulation,Social Sciences,Social Structure},
	pages = {xv, 208},
	publisher = {{The MIT Press}},
	series = {Growing Artificial Societies: {{Social}} Science from the Bottom Up},
	shorttitle = {Growing Artificial Societies},
	title = {Growing Artificial Societies: {{Social}} Science from the Bottom Up},
	year = {1996}}

@article{eronenTheoryCrisisPsychology2021,
	abstract = {Meehl argued in 1978 that theories in psychology come and go, with little cumulative progress. We believe that this assessment still holds, as also evidenced by increasingly common claims that psychology is facing a ``theory crisis'' and that psychologists should invest more in theory building. In this article, we argue that the root cause of the theory crisis is that developing good psychological theories is extremely difficult and that understanding the reasons why it is so difficult is crucial for moving forward in the theory crisis. We discuss three key reasons based on philosophy of science for why developing good psychological theories is so hard: the relative lack of robust phenomena that impose constraints on possible theories, problems of validity of psychological constructs, and obstacles to discovering causal relationships between psychological variables. We conclude with recommendations on how to move past the theory crisis.},
	annotation = {103 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Eronen, Markus I. and Bringmann, Laura F.},
	doi = {10.1177/1745691620970586},
	issn = {1745-6916},
	journal = {Perspectives on Psychological Science},
	month = jul,
	number = {4},
	pages = {779--788},
	pmcid = {PMC8273366},
	pmid = {33513314},
	shorttitle = {The {{Theory Crisis}} in {{Psychology}}},
	title = {The {{Theory Crisis}} in {{Psychology}}: {{How}} to {{Move Forward}}},
	urldate = {2023-04-14},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620970586}}

@article{favelaReasoningContinuousLandscapes2019,
	abstract = {Dual-processing theories of reasoning have gained renewed attention in recent years, particularly in the fields of decision-making under uncertainty, learning, and social judgment. Although the various accounts differ, the common thread is the distinction between two qualitatively different reasoning processes, such as automatic/controlled, fast/slow, and unconscious/conscious. Accordingly, much research is focused on elucidating the nature of the two processes in terms of the kinds of information they process and respond to. Less extensive are attempts to identify mediators that underlie changes between the two reasoning strategies. We argue that nonlinear dynamical systems theory may be able to provide a fresh perspective on reasoning. Nonlinear dynamical systems theory allows us to shift the perspective to the dynamic interactions and transitions among continuous yet qualitatively different reasoning processes. We apply the approach to reasoning in decision-making and judgment under uncertainty. Our primary claim is that using different reasoning strategies is better understood as phase transitions among a landscape of continuous reasoning capacities.},
	annotation = {2 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Favela, Luis H. and {van Rooij}, Marieke M. J. W.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cogsys.2018.12.013},
	issn = {1389-0417},
	journal = {Cognitive Systems Research},
	keywords = {Dual-process theory,Nonlinear dynamical systems theory},
	langid = {english},
	month = may,
	pages = {189--198},
	shorttitle = {Reasoning across Continuous Landscapes},
	title = {Reasoning across Continuous Landscapes: {{A}} Nonlinear Dynamical Systems Theory Approach to Reasoning},
	urldate = {2023-02-18},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2018.12.013}}

@misc{ferriEquilibriumDynamicsThreestate2022,
	abstract = {We introduce a three-state model to study the effects of a neutral party on opinion spreading, in which the tendency of agents to agree with their neighbors can be tuned to favor either the neutral party or two oppositely polarized parties, and can be disrupted by social agitation mimicked as temperature. We study the equilibrium phase diagram and the non-equilibrium stochastic dynamics of the model with various analytical approaches and with Monte Carlo simulations on different substrates: the fully-connected (FC) graph, the one-dimensional (1D) chain, and Erd\textbackslash "os-R\textbackslash 'enyi (ER) random graphs. We show that, in the mean-field approximation, the phase boundary between the disordered and polarized phases is characterized by a tricritical point. On the FC graph, in the absence of social agitation, kinetic barriers prevent the system from reaching optimal consensus. On the 1D chain, the main result is that the dynamics is governed by the growth of opinion clusters. Finally, for the ER ensemble a phase transition analogous to that of the FC graph takes place, but now the system is able to reach optimal consensus at low temperatures, except when the average connectivity is low, in which case dynamical traps arise from local frozen configurations.},
	archiveprefix = {arxiv},
	author = {Ferri, Irene and {D{\'\i}az-Guilera}, Albert and Palassini, Matteo},
	doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2210.03054},
	eprint = {2210.03054},
	keywords = {Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics,Physics - Physics and Society},
	month = oct,
	number = {arXiv:2210.03054},
	primaryclass = {cond-mat, physics:physics},
	publisher = {{arXiv}},
	title = {Equilibrium and Dynamics of a Three-State Opinion Model},
	urldate = {2023-05-19},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2210.03054}}

@book{festingerTheoryCognitiveDissonance1962,
	abstract = {A reissue of a book first published in 1957. From Psyc Abstracts 36:05:5GD91F. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{Palo Alto, CA, US}},
	author = {Festinger, Leon},
	pages = {xi, 291},
	publisher = {{Stanford Univer. Press}},
	series = {A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance},
	title = {A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance},
	year = {1962}}

@article{flacheModelsSocialInfluence2017,
	annotation = {207 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Flache, Andreas and M{\"a}s, Michael and Feliciani, Thomas and {Chattoe-Brown}, Edmund and Deffuant, Guillaume and Huet, Sylvie and Lorenz, Jan},
	doi = {10.18564/jasss.3521},
	issn = {1460-7425},
	journal = {Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation},
	number = {4},
	pages = {2},
	shorttitle = {Models of {{Social Influence}}},
	title = {Models of {{Social Influence}}: {{Towards}} the {{Next Frontiers}}},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.3521}}

@article{flackCoarsegrainingDownwardCausation2017,
	abstract = {Downward causation is the controversial idea that `higher' levels of organization can causally influence behaviour at `lower' levels of organization. Here I propose that we can gain traction on downward causation by being operational and examining how adaptive systems identify regularities in evolutionary or learning time and use these regularities to guide behaviour. I suggest that in many adaptive systems components collectively compute their macroscopic worlds through coarse-graining. I further suggest we move from simple feedback to downward causation when components tune behaviour in response to estimates of collectively computed macroscopic properties. I introduce a weak and strong notion of downward causation and discuss the role the strong form plays in the origins of new organizational levels. I illustrate these points with examples from the study of biological and social systems and deep neural networks. This article is part of the themed issue `Reconceptualizing the origins of life'.},
	annotation = {59 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Flack, Jessica C.},
	doi = {10.1098/rsta.2016.0338},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
	keywords = {biological effective theories,collective computation,endogenous coarse-graining,organizational levels,regularity estimation},
	month = nov,
	number = {2109},
	pages = {20160338},
	publisher = {{Royal Society}},
	title = {Coarse-Graining as a Downward Causation Mechanism},
	urldate = {2023-03-16},
	volume = {375},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0338}}

@article{fodorSpecialSciencesDisunity1974,
	annotation = {745 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Fodor, J. A.},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00485230},
	issn = {1573-0964},
	journal = {Synthese},
	keywords = {Special Science,Working Hypothesis},
	langid = {english},
	month = oct,
	number = {2},
	pages = {97--115},
	shorttitle = {Special Sciences (Or},
	title = {Special Sciences (or: {{The}} Disunity of Science as a Working Hypothesis)},
	urldate = {2023-05-29},
	volume = {28},
	year = {1974},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00485230}}

@article{forbesEvidenceThatPsychopathology2017,
	abstract = {Network analysis is quickly gaining popularity in psychopathology research as a method that aims to reveal causal relationships among individual symptoms. To date, 4 main types of psychopathology networks have been proposed: (a) association networks, (b) regularized concentration networks, (c) relative importance networks, and (d) directed acyclic graphs. The authors examined the replicability of these analyses based on symptoms of major depression and generalized anxiety between and within 2 highly similar epidemiological samples (i.e., the National Comorbidity Survey\textemdash Replication [n = 9282] and the National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing [n = 8841]). Although association networks were stable, the 3 other types of network analysis (i.e., the conditional independence networks) had poor replicability between and within methods and samples. The detailed aspects of the models\textemdash such as the estimation of specific edges and the centrality of individual nodes\textemdash were particularly unstable. For example, 44\% of the symptoms were estimated as the ``most influential'' on at least 1 centrality index across the 6 conditional independence networks in the full samples, and only 13\textendash 21\% of the edges were consistently estimated across these networks. One of the likely reasons for the instability of the networks is the predominance of measurement error in the assessment of individual symptoms. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for the growing field of psychopathology network research, and conclude that novel results originating from psychopathology networks should be held to higher standards of evidence before they are ready for dissemination or implementation in the field. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {182 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Forbes, Miriam K. and Wright, Aidan G. C. and Markon, Kristian E. and Krueger, Robert F.},
	doi = {10.1037/abn0000276},
	issn = {1939-1846},
	journal = {Journal of Abnormal Psychology},
	keywords = {Causality,Experimental Replication,Inference,Psychopathology,Symptoms},
	pages = {969--988},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	title = {Evidence That Psychopathology Symptom Networks Have Limited Replicability},
	volume = {126},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000276}}

@article{forgerSimplerModelHuman1999,
	abstract = {Numerous studies have used the classic van der Pol oscillator, which contains a cubic nonlinearity, to model the effect of light on the human circadian pacemaker. Jewett and Kronauer demonstrated that Aschoff's rule could be incorporated into van der Pol type models and used a van der Pol type oscillator with higher order nonlinearities. Kronauer, Forger, and Jewett have proposed a model for light preprocessing, Process L, representing a biochemical process that converts a light signal into an effective drive on the circadian pacemaker. In the paper presented here, the authors use the classic van der Pol oscillator with Process L and Jewett and Kronauer's model of Aschoff's rule to model the human circadian pacemaker. This simpler cubic model predicts the results of a three-pulse human phase response curve experiment and a two-pulse amplitude reduction study with as much, or more, accuracy as the models of Jewett and Kronauer and Kronauer, Forger, and Jewett, which both employ a nonlinearity of degree 7. This suggests that this simpler cubic model should be considered as a potential alternative to other models of the human circadian system currently available.},
	annotation = {106 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Forger, D B and Jewett, M E and Kronauer, R E},
	doi = {10.1177/074873099129000867},
	issn = {1552-4531},
	journal = {Journal of biological rhythms},
	keywords = {Nasa Discipline Regulatory Physiology,Non-nasa Center},
	langid = {english},
	month = dec,
	number = {6},
	pages = {532--537},
	pmid = {10643750},
	title = {A Simpler Model of the Human Circadian Pacemaker},
	urldate = {2023-06-03},
	volume = {14},
	year = {1999},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1177/074873099129000867}}

@incollection{forresterSystemDynamicsLessons1993,
	abstract = {The professional field known as system dynamics has been developing for the last 35 years and now has a world-wide and growing membership. System dynamics combines the theory, methods, and philosophy needed to analyze the behavior of systems in not only management, but also in environmental change, politics, economic behavior, medicine, engineering, and other fields. System dynamics provides a common foundation that can be applied wherever we want to understand and influence how things change through time.},
	address = {{Boston, MA}},
	author = {Forrester, Jay W.},
	booktitle = {A {{Systems-Based Approach}} to {{Policymaking}}},
	doi = {10.1007/978-1-4615-3226-2_7},
	editor = {De Greene, Kenyon B.},
	isbn = {978-1-4615-3226-2},
	keywords = {Business Cycle,Junior High School,Mental Model,Monetary Policy,System Dynamic Model},
	langid = {english},
	pages = {199--240},
	publisher = {{Springer US}},
	title = {System {{Dynamics}} and the {{Lessons}} of 35 {{Years}}},
	urldate = {2023-03-16},
	year = {1993},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3226-2_7}}

@article{fortmann-roeInsightMakerGeneralpurpose2014,
	abstract = {A web-based, general-purpose simulation and modeling tool is presented in this paper. The tool, Insight Maker, has been designed to make modeling and simulation accessible to a wider audience of users. Insight Maker integrates three general modeling approaches \textendash{} System Dynamics, Agent-Based Modeling, and imperative programming \textendash{} in a unified modeling framework. The environment provides a graphical model construction interface that is implemented purely in client-side code that runs on users' machines. Advanced features, such as model scripting and an optimization tool, are also described. Insight Maker, under development for several years, has gained significant adoption with currently more than 20,000 registered users. In addition to detailing the tool and its guiding philosophy, this first paper on Insight Maker describes lessons learned from the development of a complex web-based simulation and modeling tool.},
	annotation = {49 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {{Fortmann-Roe}, Scott},
	doi = {10.1016/j.simpat.2014.03.013},
	issn = {1569-190X},
	journal = {Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory},
	keywords = {Agent-Based Modeling,Modeling,Simulation,System Dynamics,Web-based technologies},
	langid = {english},
	month = sep,
	pages = {28--45},
	shorttitle = {Insight {{Maker}}},
	title = {Insight {{Maker}}: {{A}} General-Purpose Tool for Web-Based Modeling \& Simulation},
	urldate = {2023-03-17},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2014},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2014.03.013}}

@article{fortunatoUniversalityThresholdComplete2004,
	abstract = {In the compromise model of Deffuant et al., opinions are real numbers between 0 and 1, and two agents are compatible if the difference of their opinions is smaller than the confidence bound parameter {$\varepsilon$}. The opinions of a randomly chosen pair of compatible agents get closer to each other. We provide strong numerical evidence that the threshold value of {$\varepsilon$} above which all agents share the same opinion in the final configuration is 1/2, independently of the underlying social topology.},
	annotation = {76 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13] ADS Bibcode: 2004IJMPC..15.1301F},
	author = {Fortunato, Santo},
	doi = {10.1142/S0129183104006728},
	issn = {0129-1831},
	journal = {International Journal of Modern Physics C},
	keywords = {Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics,Monte Carlo simulations,Sociophysics},
	month = jan,
	pages = {1301--1307},
	title = {Universality of the {{Threshold}} for {{Complete Consensus}} for the {{Opinion Dynamics}} of {{Deffuant}} et Al.},
	urldate = {2023-04-23},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2004},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129183104006728}}

@article{fowlerSecondorderFreeridingProblem2005,
	abstract = {Arising from: K. Panchanathan \& R. Boyd Nature 432, 499\textendash 502 (2004); K. Panchanathan \& R. Boyd reply},
	annotation = {42 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Fowler, James H.},
	copyright = {2005 Nature Publishing Group},
	doi = {10.1038/nature04201},
	issn = {1476-4687},
	journal = {Nature},
	keywords = {Humanities and Social Sciences,multidisciplinary,Science},
	langid = {english},
	month = sep,
	number = {7058},
	pages = {E8-E8},
	publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
	title = {Second-Order Free-Riding Problem Solved?},
	urldate = {2023-02-18},
	volume = {437},
	year = {2005},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04201}}

@incollection{FP_Krakauer_intro,
	author = {Krakauer, David C.},
	title = {The Complex World: An Introduction to the Foundations of Complexity Science},
	year = {2024},
	editor = {Krakauer, David C.},
	booktitle = {Foundational Papers in Complexity Science},
	volume = {1},
	publisher = {SFI Press},
	location = {Santa Fe, NM},
	pages = {Intro-1–99}
}

@article{franzArePsychologicalAttributes2022,
	abstract = {Critics of psychological measurement have accused quantitative psychologists of ignoring the empirical hypothesis that psychological phenomena are quantitative (Michell), or have claimed that it is impossible in principle to find out whether psychological phenomena are actually quantitative (Trendler). By drawing on Bennett and Hacker (2003), I argue that both criticisms do not go far enough because they sidestep the fundamental conceptual problem of the measurement debate: It is impossible to give concrete formulations of the question ``Are psychological attributes quantitative?'' without transgressing the boundaries of meaningful language. Conceptual confusions and questionable philosophical assumptions have contributed to the misguided idea that the quantity of psychological phenomena must or can be demonstrated empirically. First, the measurement debate is characterized by misleading examples and ambiguous terminology. Second, the idea of psychological measurement is inherently Cartesian. In summary, psychological measurement is even more problematic than Michell and Trendler have argued.},
	annotation = {10 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Franz, David J.},
	doi = {10.1177/09593543211045340},
	issn = {0959-3543},
	journal = {Theory \& Psychology},
	langid = {english},
	month = feb,
	number = {1},
	pages = {131--150},
	publisher = {{SAGE Publications Ltd}},
	shorttitle = {``{{Are}} Psychological Attributes Quantitative?},
	title = {``{{Are}} Psychological Attributes Quantitative?'' Is Not an Empirical Question: {{Conceptual}} Confusions in the Measurement Debate},
	urldate = {2023-05-20},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1177/09593543211045340}}

@book{fraserBellCurveWars2008,
	abstract = {The Bell Curve by Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray has generated a firestorm of debate, confirming for some their secret belief in the innate inferiority of certain ''races'' or ethnic groups, angering many who view the book as an ill-concealed racist manifesto, and worrying untold others who fear the further racial polarization of American society. In The Bell Curve Wars, a group of our country's most distinguished intellectuals dismantles the alleged scientific foundations and criticizes the alarming public policy conclusions of this incendiary book.Anyone who has wondered about the connection among genes, race, and intelligence, all those anxious about racial antagonisms in our nation, those who question the efficacy of social welfare programs, all those troubled but unconvinced by Herrnstein and Murray's book, will want to read The Bell Curve Wars.},
	author = {Fraser, Steven},
	isbn = {978-0-7867-2461-1},
	keywords = {Education / General,Political Science / Public Policy / Social Services \& Welfare,Social Science / Ethnic Studies / African American Studies},
	langid = {english},
	month = aug,
	publisher = {{Basic Books}},
	shorttitle = {The {{Bell Curve Wars}}},
	title = {The {{Bell Curve Wars}}: {{Race}}, {{Intelligence}}, and the {{Future}} of {{America}}},
	year = {2008}}

@article{freitasIdentifyingChaosHeart2009,
	abstract = {Providing a conclusive answer to the question ``is this dynamics chaotic?'' remains very challenging when experimental data are investigated. We showed that such a task is actually a difficult problem in the case of heart rates. Nevertheless, an appropriate dynamical analysis can discriminate healthy subjects from patients.},
	annotation = {15 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Freitas, Ubiratan and Roulin, Elise and Muir, Jean-Fran{\c c}ois and Letellier, Christophe},
	doi = {10.1063/1.3139116},
	issn = {1054-1500},
	journal = {Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science},
	month = jun,
	number = {2},
	pages = {028505},
	publisher = {{American Institute of Physics}},
	shorttitle = {Identifying Chaos from Heart Rate},
	title = {Identifying Chaos from Heart Rate: {{The}} Right Task?},
	urldate = {2023-02-10},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2009},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3139116}}

@article{friedkinSocialInfluenceOpinions1990,
	abstract = {In this paper we describe an approach to the relationship between a network of interpersonal influences and the content of individuals' opinions. Our work starts with the specification of social process rather than social equilibrium. Several models of social influence that have appeared in the literature are derived as special cases of the approach. Some implications for theories on social conflict and conformity also are developed in this paper.},
	annotation = {533 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Friedkin, Noah E. and Johnsen, Eugene C.},
	doi = {10.1080/0022250X.1990.9990069},
	issn = {0022-250X},
	journal = {The Journal of Mathematical Sociology},
	keywords = {Conflict,conformity,consensus,influence,network,opinion},
	month = jan,
	number = {3-4},
	pages = {193--206},
	publisher = {{Routledge}},
	title = {Social Influence and Opinions},
	urldate = {2023-04-20},
	volume = {15},
	year = {1990},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1080/0022250X.1990.9990069}}

@article{friedmanSparseInverseCovariance2008,
	abstract = {We consider the problem of estimating sparse graphs by a lasso penalty applied to the inverse covariance matrix. Using a coordinate descent procedure for the lasso, we develop a simple algorithm\textemdash the graphical lasso\textemdash that is remarkably fast: It solves a 1000-node problem ({$\sim$}500000 parameters) in at most a minute and is 30\textendash 4000 times faster than competing methods. It also provides a conceptual link between the exact problem and the approximation suggested by Meinshausen and B\"uhlmann (2006). We illustrate the method on some cell-signaling data from proteomics.},
	annotation = {3245 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Friedman, Jerome and Hastie, Trevor and Tibshirani, Robert},
	doi = {10.1093/biostatistics/kxm045},
	issn = {1465-4644},
	journal = {Biostatistics},
	month = jul,
	number = {3},
	pages = {432--441},
	title = {Sparse Inverse Covariance Estimation with the Graphical Lasso},
	urldate = {2023-03-29},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2008},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1093/biostatistics/kxm045}}

@article{friedMentalDisordersNetworks2017,
	abstract = {The network perspective on psychopathology understands mental disorders as complex networks of interacting symptoms. Despite its recent debut, with conceptual foundations in 2008 and empirical foundations in 2010, the framework has received considerable attention and recognition in the last years.},
	annotation = {467 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Fried, Eiko I. and {van Borkulo}, Claudia D. and Cramer, Ang{\'e}lique O. J. and Boschloo, Lynn and Schoevers, Robert A. and Borsboom, Denny},
	doi = {10.1007/s00127-016-1319-z},
	issn = {1433-9285},
	journal = {Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology},
	keywords = {Comorbidity,Early warning signals,Mental disorders,Network analysis,Treatment},
	langid = {english},
	month = jan,
	number = {1},
	pages = {1--10},
	shorttitle = {Mental Disorders as Networks of Problems},
	title = {Mental Disorders as Networks of Problems: A Review of Recent Insights},
	urldate = {2023-03-24},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-016-1319-z}}

@article{friedMovingForwardChallenges2017,
	abstract = {Since the introduction of mental disorders as networks of causally interacting symptoms, this novel framework has received considerable attention. The past years have resulted in over 40 scientific publications and numerous conference symposia and workshops. Now is an excellent moment to take stock of the network approach: What are its most fundamental challenges, and what are potential ways forward in addressing them? After a brief conceptual introduction, we first discuss challenges to network theory: (1) What is the validity of the network approach beyond some commonly investigated disorders such as major depression? (2) How do we best define psychopathological networks and their constituent elements? And (3) how can we gain a better understanding of the causal nature and real-life underpinnings of associations among symptoms? Next, after a short technical introduction to network modeling, we discuss challenges to network methodology: (4) heterogeneity of samples studied with network analytic models, and (5) a lurking replicability crisis in this strongly data-driven and exploratory field. Addressing these challenges may propel the network approach from its adolescence into adulthood and promises advances in understanding psychopathology both at the nomothetic and idiographic level.},
	annotation = {399 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Fried, Eiko I. and Cramer, Ang{\'e}lique O. J.},
	doi = {10.1177/1745691617705892},
	issn = {1745-6924},
	journal = {Perspectives on psychological science},
	keywords = {Clinical Psychology,Dynamic Systems,Mental disorders,Networks,Personalized Medicine,Psychiatry,Reproducibility},
	langid = {english},
	month = nov,
	number = {6},
	pages = {999--1020},
	pmid = {28873325},
	shorttitle = {Moving {{Forward}}},
	title = {Moving {{Forward}}: {{Challenges}} and {{Directions}} for {{Psychopathological Network Theory}} and {{Methodology}}},
	urldate = {2023-05-18},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617705892}}

@article{friedWhatAreGood2016,
	abstract = {Background The symptoms for Major Depression (MD) defined in the DSM-5 differ markedly from symptoms assessed in common rating scales, and the empirical question about core depression symptoms is unresolved. Here we conceptualize depression as a complex dynamic system of interacting symptoms to examine what symptoms are most central to driving depressive processes. Methods We constructed a network of 28 depression symptoms assessed via the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS-30) in 3,463 depressed outpatients from the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study. We estimated the centrality of all IDS-30 symptoms, and compared the centrality of DSM and non-DSM symptoms; centrality reflects the connectedness of each symptom with all other symptoms. Results A network with 28 intertwined symptoms emerged, and symptoms differed substantially in their centrality values. Both DSM symptoms (e.g., sad mood) and non-DSM symptoms (e.g., anxiety) were among the most central symptoms, and DSM criteria were not more central than non-DSM symptoms. Limitations Many subjects enrolled in STAR*D reported comorbid medical and psychiatric conditions which may have affected symptom presentation. Conclusion The network perspective neither supports the standard psychometric notion that depression symptoms are equivalent indicators of MD, nor the common assumption that DSM symptoms of depression are of higher clinical relevance than non-DSM depression symptoms. The findings suggest the value of research focusing on especially central symptoms to increase the accuracy of predicting outcomes such as the course of illness, probability of relapse, and treatment response.},
	annotation = {370 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Fried, Eiko I. and Epskamp, Sacha and Nesse, Randolph M. and Tuerlinckx, Francis and Borsboom, Denny},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.005},
	issn = {0165-0327},
	journal = {Journal of Affective Disorders},
	keywords = {Centrality,Depression symptoms,Major depression,Network analysis},
	langid = {english},
	month = jan,
	pages = {314--320},
	shorttitle = {What Are 'good' Depression Symptoms?},
	title = {What Are 'good' Depression Symptoms? {{Comparing}} the Centrality of {{DSM}} and Non-{{DSM}} Symptoms of Depression in a Network Analysis},
	urldate = {2023-03-24},
	volume = {189},
	year = {2016},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.005}}

@article{fristonFreeenergyPrincipleRough2009,
	abstract = {This article reviews a free-energy formulation that advances Helmholtz's agenda to find principles of brain function based on conservation laws and neuronal energy. It rests on advances in statistical physics, theoretical biology and machine learning to explain a remarkable range of facts about brain structure and function. We could have just scratched the surface of what this formulation offers; for example, it is becoming clear that the Bayesian brain is just one facet of the free-energy principle and that perception is an inevitable consequence of active exchange with the environment. Furthermore, one can see easily how constructs like memory, attention, value, reinforcement and salience might disclose their simple relationships within this framework.},
	annotation = {1026 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Friston, Karl},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2009.04.005},
	issn = {1364-6613},
	journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
	langid = {english},
	month = jul,
	number = {7},
	pages = {293--301},
	shorttitle = {The Free-Energy Principle},
	title = {The Free-Energy Principle: A Rough Guide to the Brain?},
	urldate = {2023-02-11},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2009},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2009.04.005}}

@incollection{fuchsCoordinationDynamicsSynergetics2018,
	abstract = {Starting with a brief review of the original Haken-Kelso-Bunz model and its generalizations from the 1980s, we discuss three examples from more than three decades of our research on coordination dynamics. From the 1990s, we show how movement coordination can be used to probe the brain of individual subjects and how coordination patterns in behavior are also manifested in brain signals. From the 2000s, we present an experiment on social coordination in brain and behavior and introduce an analysis technique for EEG signals recorded in such settings. Most recently, we recorded the performance of a professional ballet dancer, where we found the coordination patterns of in-phase and anti-phase as elementary building blocks in complex movements.},
	author = {Fuchs, Armin and Kelso, Scott},
	booktitle = {Complexity and {{Synergetics}}},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-64334-2_23},
	isbn = {978-3-319-64333-5},
	month = nov,
	pages = {301--316},
	shorttitle = {Coordination {{Dynamics}} and {{Synergetics}}},
	title = {Coordination {{Dynamics}} and {{Synergetics}}: {{From Finger Movements}} to {{Brain Patterns}} and {{Ballet Dancing}}},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64334-2_23}}

@article{furstenauSimulatingBistablePerception2014,
	abstract = {A behavioral stochastic self-oscillator model is used for simulating interrupted ambiguous stimulus-induced percept reversals. The results provide further support for a dynamical systems foundation of cognitive and psychological problems as discussed in detail within the context of Gestalt psychology by Wagemans et al. (Concept Theor Found Psychol Bull 138(6):1218\textendash 1252, 2012), and for coordination dynamics of the brain (Kelso in Philos Trans R Soc B 367:906\textendash 918, 2012). Statistical evaluation of simulated reversal time series predicts a maximum of the percept reversal rate that conforms with a number of results in the literature. The macroscopic model is based on two inhibitorily coupled sets of three coupled nonlinear equations, one triplet for each percept. The derivation of our specific dynamics equations is based on a drastically simplified field theoretical approach using well-known phase synchronization for explaining brain dynamics on the macroscopic EEG level. The degree of coherence (contrast {$\mu$}, 0~{$\leq~\mu~\leq~$}1) of the superimposed fields required for onset of bistable dynamics is related to a phase synchronization index of EEG fields, and it is used in the present context as ambiguity control parameter. For quantitative agreement with the experimental data, the addition of a stochastic Langevin force term in the attention equation proved essential. Formal analysis leads to a quantification of well-known ``cognitive inertia'' and supports the interplay between percept choice (bifurcation) dynamics during stimulus onset and adaptive gain (attention fatigue) driven quasiperiodic percept reversals.},
	annotation = {2 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {F{\"u}rstenau, Norbert},
	doi = {10.1007/s10339-014-0630-4},
	issn = {1612-4790},
	journal = {Cognitive Processing},
	keywords = {Cognitive bistability,Cognitive inertia,Interrupted ambiguous stimulus,Noise,Nonlinear dynamics model,Simulation},
	langid = {english},
	month = nov,
	number = {4},
	pages = {467--490},
	title = {Simulating Bistable Perception with Interrupted Ambiguous Stimulus Using Self-Oscillator Dynamics with Percept Choice Bifurcation},
	urldate = {2023-03-31},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2014},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-014-0630-4}}

@article{fytasReviewRecentDevelopments2018,
	abstract = {A lot of progress has been made recently in our understanding of the random-field Ising model thanks to large-scale numerical simulations. In particular, it has been shown that, contrary to previous statements: the critical exponents for different probability distributions of the random fields and for diluted antiferromagnets in a field are the same. Therefore, critical universality, which is a perturbative renormalization-group prediction, holds beyond the validity regime of perturbation theory. Most notably, dimensional reduction is restored at five dimensions, i.e., the exponents of the random-field Ising model at five dimensions and those of the pure Ising ferromagnet at three dimensions are the same.},
	annotation = {25 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	archiveprefix = {arxiv},
	author = {Fytas, Nikolaos G. and {Martin-Mayor}, Victor and Picco, Marco and Sourlas, Nicolas},
	doi = {10.1007/s10955-018-1955-7},
	eprint = {1711.09597},
	issn = {0022-4715, 1572-9613},
	journal = {Journal of Statistical Physics},
	keywords = {Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks},
	month = jul,
	number = {2},
	pages = {665--672},
	primaryclass = {cond-mat},
	title = {Review of Recent Developments in the Random-Field {{Ising}} Model},
	urldate = {2023-03-26},
	volume = {172},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10955-018-1955-7}}

@article{galamSociophysicsNewApproach1982,
	abstract = {A new approach to the understanding of sociological collective behaviour, based on the framework of critical phenomena in physics, is presented. The first step consists of constructing a simple mean-behaviour model and applying it to a strike process in a plant. The model comprises only a limited number of parameters characteristic of the plant considered and of the society. A dissatisfaction function is introduced with a basic principle stating that the stable state of the plant is a state which minimizes this function. It is found that the plant can be in one of two phases: the ``collective phase'' and the ``individual phase.'' These two phases are separated by a critical point, in the neighbourhood of which the system is very sensitive to small changes in the parameters. The collective phase includes a region of parameters for which the system has two possible states: a ``work state'' and a ``strike state.'' The actual state of the system depends on the parameters and on the ``history of the system.'' The irreversibility of the transition between these two states indicates the existence of metastable states. For these particular states, the effect of small groups of workers or of a small perturbation in the system results in drastic changes in the state of the plant. Other non-trivial implications of the model, as well as possible extensions and refinements of the approach, are discussed.},
	annotation = {307 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Galam, Serge and Gefen, Yuval and Shapir, Yonathan},
	doi = {10.1080/0022250X.1982.9989929},
	issn = {0022-250X},
	journal = {The Journal of Mathematical Sociology},
	month = nov,
	number = {1},
	pages = {1--13},
	publisher = {{Routledge}},
	shorttitle = {Sociophysics},
	title = {Sociophysics: {{A}} New Approach of Sociological Collective Behaviour. {{I}}. Mean-behaviour Description of a Strike},
	urldate = {2023-04-17},
	volume = {9},
	year = {1982},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1080/0022250X.1982.9989929}}

@article{galeCollegeAdmissionsStability1962,
	annotation = {2049 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Gale, D. and Shapley, L. S.},
	doi = {10.2307/2312726},
	eprint = {2312726},
	eprinttype = {jstor},
	issn = {0002-9890},
	journal = {The American Mathematical Monthly},
	number = {1},
	pages = {9--15},
	publisher = {{Mathematical Association of America}},
	title = {College {{Admissions}} and the {{Stability}} of {{Marriage}}},
	urldate = {2023-05-07},
	volume = {69},
	year = {1962},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.2307/2312726}}

@article{galesicCollectiveIntelligenceCollective2023,
	abstract = {We develop a conceptual framework for studying collective adaptation in complex socio-cognitive systems, driven by dynamic interactions of social integration strategies, social environments and problem structures. Going beyond searching for `intelligent' collectives, we integrate research from different disciplines and outline modelling approaches that can be used to begin answering questions such as why collectives sometimes fail to reach seemingly obvious solutions, how they change their strategies and network structures in response to different problems and how we can anticipate and perhaps change future harmful societal trajectories. We discuss the importance of considering path dependence, lack of optimization and collective myopia to understand the sometimes counterintuitive outcomes of collective adaptation. We call for a transdisciplinary, quantitative and societally useful social science that can help us to understand our rapidly changing and ever more complex societies, avoid collective disasters and reach the full potential of our ability to organize in adaptive collectives.},
	annotation = {3 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Galesic, Mirta and Barkoczi, Daniel and Berdahl, Andrew M. and Biro, Dora and Carbone, Giuseppe and Giannoccaro, Ilaria and Goldstone, Robert L. and Gonzalez, Cleotilde and Kandler, Anne and Kao, Albert B. and Kendal, Rachel and Kline, Michelle and Lee, Eun and Massari, Giovanni Francesco and Mesoudi, Alex and Olsson, Henrik and Pescetelli, Niccolo and Sloman, Sabina J. and Smaldino, Paul E. and Stein, Daniel L.},
	doi = {10.1098/rsif.2022.0736},
	journal = {Journal of The Royal Society Interface},
	keywords = {collective adaptation,collective intelligence,computational models,social cognition,social networks},
	month = mar,
	number = {200},
	pages = {20220736},
	publisher = {{Royal Society}},
	shorttitle = {Beyond Collective Intelligence},
	title = {Beyond Collective Intelligence: {{Collective}} Adaptation},
	urldate = {2023-05-16},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2023},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2022.0736}}

@article{galesicStatisticalPhysicsModels2019,
	abstract = {We build simple computational models of belief dynamics within the framework of discrete-spin statistical physics models, and explore how suitable they are for understanding and predicting real-world belief change on both the individual and group levels. We find that accurate modeling of real-world patterns requires attending to social interaction rules that people use, network structures in which they are embedded, distributions of initial beliefs and intrinsic preferences, and the relative importance of social information and intrinsic preferences. We demonstrate that these model parameters can be constrained by empirical measurement, and the resulting models can be used to investigate the mechanisms underlying belief dynamics in actual societies. We use data from two longitudinal studies of belief change, one on 80~individuals living in an MIT dorm during the 2008 presidential election season, and another on 94~participants recruited from Mechanical Turk during the 2016 presidential election primary season. We find that simple statistical physics-based models contain predictive value for real-world belief dynamics and enable empirical tests of different assumptions about the underlying network structure and the social interaction rules.},
	annotation = {27 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Galesic, Mirta and Stein, D. L.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.physa.2018.12.011},
	issn = {0378-4371},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	langid = {english},
	month = apr,
	pages = {275--294},
	shorttitle = {Statistical Physics Models of Belief Dynamics},
	title = {Statistical Physics Models of Belief Dynamics: {{Theory}} and Empirical Tests},
	urldate = {2023-05-09},
	volume = {519},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2018.12.011}}

@book{garcezNeuralSymbolicCognitiveReasoning2008,
	abstract = {Humans are often extraordinary at performing practical reasoning. There are cases where the human computer, slow as it is, is faster than any artificial intelligence system. Are we faster because of the way we perceive knowledge as opposed to the way we represent it?   The authors address this question by presenting neural network models that integrate the two most fundamental phenomena of cognition: our ability to learn from experience, and our ability to reason from what has been learned. This book is the first to offer a self-contained presentation of neural network models for a number of computer science logics, including modal, temporal, and epistemic logics. By using a graphical presentation, it explains neural networks through a sound neural-symbolic integration methodology, and it focuses on the benefits of integrating effective robust learning with expressive reasoning capabilities.   The book will be invaluable reading for academic researchers, graduate students, and senior undergraduates in computer science, artificial intelligence, machine learning, cognitive science and engineering. It will also be of interest to computational logicians, and professional specialists on applications of cognitive, hybrid and artificial intelligence systems.},
	author = {Garcez, Artur S. D'Avila and Lamb, Lu{\'\i}s C. and Gabbay, Dov M.},
	googlebooks = {aDX9iyjXaI8C},
	isbn = {978-3-540-73246-4},
	keywords = {Computers / Artificial Intelligence / Computer Vision \& Pattern Recognition,Computers / Artificial Intelligence / General,Computers / Computer Science,Computers / Information Technology,Computers / Machine Theory,Computers / Optical Data Processing,Mathematics / Discrete Mathematics,Mathematics / Logic,Philosophy / Logic},
	langid = {english},
	month = oct,
	publisher = {{Springer Science \& Business Media}},
	title = {Neural-{{Symbolic Cognitive Reasoning}}},
	year = {2008}}

@article{gartnerThirdComponentCausing1990,
	abstract = {This paper is a review of experiments, performed in our laboratory during the past 20 years, designed to analyse the significance of different components of random variability in quantitative traits in laboratory rats and mice. Reduction of genetic variability by using inbred strains and reduction of environmental variability by highly standardized husbandry in laboratory animals did not remarkably reduce the range of random variability in quantitative biological traits. Neither did a tremendous increase of the environmental variability (i.e., living in a natural setting) increase it. Therefore, the postnatal environment cannot be that important as the source of random variability.Utilizing methods established in twin research, only 20?30\% of the range of the body weight in inbred mice were directly estimated to be of environmental origin. The remaining 70?80\% were due to a third component creating biological random variability, in addition to the genetic and environmental influences. This third component is effective at or before fertilization and may originate from ooplasmic differences. It is the most important component of the phenotypic random variability, fixing its range and dominating the genetic and the environmental component.The Gaussian distribution of the body weights observed, even in inbred animals, seems to be an arrangement supporting natural selection rather than the consequence of heterogeneous environmental influences. In a group of inbred rats, the males with the highest chance of parenting the next generation were gathered in the central classes of the distribution of the body weight.},
	annotation = {171 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {G{\"a}rtner, Klaus},
	doi = {10.1258/002367790780890347},
	issn = {0023-6772},
	journal = {Laboratory Animals},
	month = jan,
	number = {1},
	pages = {71--77},
	publisher = {{SAGE Publications}},
	title = {A Third Component Causing Random Variability beside Environment and Genotype. {{A}} Reason for the Limited Success of a 30 Year Long Effort to Standardize Laboratory Animals?},
	urldate = {2023-04-03},
	volume = {24},
	year = {1990},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1258/002367790780890347}}

@article{gauvinPhaseDiagramSchelling2009,
	abstract = {The collective behavior in a variant of Schelling's segregation model is characterized with methods borrowed from statistical physics, in a context where their relevance was not conspicuous. A measure of segregation based on cluster geometry is defined and several quantities analogous to those used to describe physical lattice models at equilibrium are introduced. This physical approach allows to distinguish quantitatively several regimes and to characterize the transitions between them, leading to the building of a phase diagram. Some of the transitions evoke empirical sudden ethnic turnovers. We also establish links with `spin-1' models in physics. Our approach provides generic tools to analyze the dynamics of other socio-economic systems.},
	annotation = {79 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Gauvin, L. and Vannimenus, J. and Nadal, J.-P.},
	doi = {10.1140/epjb/e2009-00234-0},
	issn = {1434-6036},
	journal = {The European Physical Journal B},
	keywords = {89.65.-s Social and economic systems,89.75.-k Complex systems},
	langid = {english},
	month = jul,
	number = {2},
	pages = {293--304},
	title = {Phase Diagram of a {{Schelling}} Segregation Model},
	urldate = {2023-04-08},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2009},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2009-00234-0}}

@inproceedings{gell-mannWhatComplexity2002,
	abstract = {It would require many different concepts to capture all our notions of the meaning of complexity. The concept that comes closest to what we usually mean is effective complexity (EC). Roughly speaking, the EC of an entity is the length of a very concise description of its regularities. A novel is considered complex if it has a great many scenes, subplots, characters, and so forth. An elaborate hierarchy can contribute to complexity, as in the case of nested industrial clusters each composed of a great variety of firms and other institutions. In general, though, what are regularities? We encounter in many different situations the interplay between the regular and the random or incidental: music and static on the radio, specifications and tolerances in manufacturing, etc. But ultimately the distinction between the regular and the incidental depends on a judgment of what is important, although the judge need not be human or even alive. For instance, in the case of songs of a male bird in the nesting season, the identification of regularities is perhaps best left to the other birds of the same species \textemdash{} what features are essential in repelling other males from the territory or attracting a suitable female? A technical definition of EC involves the quantity called algorithmic information content (AIC). The description of an entity is converted to a bit string and a standard universal computer is programmed to print out that string and then halt. The length of the shortest such program (or, in a generalization, the shortest that executes within a given time) is the AIC. The AIC is expressed as the sum of two terms, one (the EC) referring to the regularities and the other to the random features. The regularities of a real entity are best expressed by embedding it conceptually in a set of comparable things, the rest of which are imagined. The EC can then be related to the AIC of the set, the choice of which is restricted by the conditions imposed by the judge. Theorists like to study highly simplified models of complex systems, often by computer modelling. What can be claimed for such models? Overall agreement with observation is hardly to be expected. However, in many cases simple regularities can be found in both the observational data and the model, which may then be helpful in understanding those regularities. Examples are given, involving scaling laws and also ``implicational scales''.},
	address = {{Heidelberg}},
	annotation = {42 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {{Gell-Mann}, Murray},
	booktitle = {Complexity and {{Industrial Clusters}}},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-50007-7_2},
	editor = {Curzio, Alberto Quadrio and Fortis, Marco},
	isbn = {978-3-642-50007-7},
	keywords = {Biological Evolution,Complex Adaptive System,Industrial Cluster,Nest Season,Official Language},
	langid = {english},
	pages = {13--24},
	publisher = {{Physica-Verlag HD}},
	series = {Contributions to {{Economics}}},
	title = {What {{Is Complexity}}?},
	year = {2002},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50007-7_2}}

@book{ghatakDeepLearning2019,
	address = {{Singapore}},
	author = {Ghatak, Abhijit},
	doi = {10.1007/978-981-13-5850-0},
	isbn = {9789811358494 9789811358500},
	keywords = {Artificial Intelligence,Convolutional neural networks and sequence models,Deep neural networks,Regularization and hyper-parameter tuning,Statistics},
	langid = {english},
	publisher = {{Springer}},
	title = {Deep {{Learning}} with {{R}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-08},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5850-0}}

@book{gibsonEcologicalApproachVisual2014,
	abstract = {This book, first published in 1979,~is about how we see: the environment around us (its surfaces, their layout, and their colors and textures); where we are in the environment; whether or not we are moving and, if we are, where we are going; what things are good for; how to do things (to thread a needle or drive an automobile); or why things look as they do.  The basic assumption is that vision depends on the eye which is connected to the brain. The author suggests that natural vision depends on the eyes in the head on a body supported by the ground, the brain being only the central organ of a complete visual system. When no constraints are put on the visual system, people look around, walk up to something interesting and move around it so as to see it from all sides, and go from one vista to another. That is natural vision -- and what this book is about.},
	address = {{New York}},
	author = {Gibson, James J.},
	doi = {10.4324/9781315740218},
	isbn = {978-1-315-74021-8},
	month = dec,
	publisher = {{Psychology Press}},
	shorttitle = {The {{Ecological Approach}} to {{Visual Perception}}},
	title = {The {{Ecological Approach}} to {{Visual Perception}}: {{Classic Edition}}},
	year = {2014},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315740218}}

@book{gilmoreCatastropheTheoryScientists1993,
	author = {Gilmore, Robert},
	isbn = {978-0-486-67539-8},
	langid = {english},
	month = jan,
	publisher = {{Courier Corporation}},
	title = {Catastrophe {{Theory}} for {{Scientists}} and {{Engineers}}},
	year = {1993}}

@article{goldstoneComputationalModelsCollective2005,
	abstract = {Computational models of human collective behavior offer promise in providing quantitative and empirically verifiable accounts of how individual decisions lead to the emergence of group-level organizations. Agent-based models (ABMs) describe interactions among individual agents and their environment, and provide a process-oriented alternative to descriptive mathematical models. Recent ABMs provide compelling accounts of group pattern formation, contagion and cooperation, and can be used to predict, manipulate and improve upon collective behavior. ABMs overcome an assumption that underlies much of cognitive science \textendash{} that the individual is the crucial unit of cognition. The alternative advocated here is that individuals participate in collective organizations that they might not understand or even perceive, and that these organizations affect and are affected by individual behavior.},
	annotation = {204 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Goldstone, Robert L. and Janssen, Marco A.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2005.07.009},
	issn = {1364-6613},
	journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
	langid = {english},
	month = sep,
	number = {9},
	pages = {424--430},
	title = {Computational Models of Collective Behavior},
	urldate = {2023-05-12},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2005},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2005.07.009}}

@article{gottmanMaritalProcessesPredictive1992,
	abstract = {73 married couples were studied in 1983 and 1987. To identify marital processes associated with dissolution, a balance theory of marriage was used to generate 1 variable for dividing couples into regulated and nonregulated groups. For studying the precursors of divorce, a "cascade" model of marital dissolution, which forms a Guttman-like scale, received preliminary support. Compared with regulated couples, nonregulated couples had (1) marital problems rated as more severe (Time 1); (2) lower marital satisfaction (Time 1 and Time 2); (3) poorer health (Time 2); (4) smaller finger pulse amplitudes (wives); (5) more negative ratings for interactions; (6) more negative emotional expression; (7) less positive emotional expression; (8) more stubbornness and withdrawal from interaction; (9) greater defensiveness; and (10) greater risk for marital dissolution (lower marital satisfaction and higher incidence of consideration of dissolution and of actual separation). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {419 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Gottman, John M. and Levenson, Robert W.},
	doi = {10.1037/0022-3514.63.2.221},
	issn = {1939-1315},
	journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
	keywords = {Divorce,Followup Studies,Health,Marital Relations,Physiological Correlates,Spouses},
	pages = {221--233},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	shorttitle = {Marital Processes Predictive of Later Dissolution},
	title = {Marital Processes Predictive of Later Dissolution: {{Behavior}}, Physiology, and Health},
	volume = {63},
	year = {1992},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.2.221}}

@book{gottmanMathematicsMarriageDynamic2002,
	abstract = {This book provides the foundation for a scientific theory of marital relations. The authors develop and apply a mathematical model using difference equations, and fulfill the goal to build a mathematical framework for the general system theory of families first suggested by L. von Bertalanffy in the 1960s. The book also presents a complete introduction to the mathematics involved in theory building and testing, and details the development of experiments and models. Applying ideas such as phase space, null clines, influence functions, inertia, and uninfluenced and influenced stable steady states (attractors), the authors show how other researchers can use the methods to weigh their own data with positive and negative weights. While the focus is on modeling marriage, the techniques can be applied to other types of psychological phenomena as well. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{Cambridge, MA, US}},
	author = {Gottman, John M. and Murray, James D. and Swanson, Catherine C. and Tyson, Rebecca and Swanson, Kristin R.},
	isbn = {978-0-262-07226-7},
	keywords = {Marital Relations,Marriage,Mathematical Modeling,Systems Theory,Theory Formulation},
	pages = {xvii, 403},
	publisher = {{MIT Press}},
	series = {The Mathematics of Marriage: {{Dynamic}} Nonlinear Models},
	shorttitle = {The Mathematics of Marriage},
	title = {The Mathematics of Marriage: {{Dynamic}} Nonlinear Models},
	year = {2002}}

@article{granovetterStrengthWeakTies1973,
	annotation = {21630 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Granovetter, Mark},
	doi = {10.1086/225469},
	journal = {American journal of sociology},
	number = {6},
	pages = {1360--1380},
	publisher = {{University of Chicago Press}},
	title = {The Strength of Weak Ties},
	volume = {78},
	year = {1973},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1086/225469}}

@article{granovetterThresholdModelsCollective1978,
	annotation = {3152 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Granovetter, Mark},
	doi = {10.1086/226707},
	eprint = {2778111},
	eprinttype = {jstor},
	journal = {The American Journal of Sociology},
	langid = {english},
	number = {6},
	pages = {1420--1443},
	title = {Threshold {{Models}} of {{Collective Behavior}}},
	volume = {83},
	year = {1978},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1086/226707}}

@article{grasmanFittingCuspCatastrophe2009,
	abstract = {Of the seven elementary catastrophes in catastrophe theory, the "cusp" model is the most widely applied. Most applications are however qualitative. Quantitative techniques for catastrophe modeling have been developed, but so far the limited availability of flexible software has hindered quantitative assessment. We present a package that implements and extends the method of Cobb (Cobb and Watson'80; Cobb, Koppstein, and Chen'83), and makes it easy to quantitatively fit and compare different cusp catastrophe models in a statistically principled way. After a short introduction to the cusp catastrophe, we demonstrate the package with two instructive examples.},
	author = {Grasman, Raoul and {van der Maas}, Han L. J. and Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan},
	journal = {Journal of Statistical Software},
	keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
	langid = {english},
	number = {i08},
	publisher = {{Foundation for Open Access Statistics}},
	shorttitle = {Fitting the {{Cusp Catastrophe}} in {{R}}},
	title = {Fitting the {{Cusp Catastrophe}} in {{R}}: {{A}} Cusp {{Package Primer}}},
	urldate = {2021-04-14},
	volume = {032},
	year = {2009}}

@article{grauwinComplexSystemsScience2012,
	abstract = {Using a large database ({$\sim$}215,000 records) of relevant articles, we empirically study the complex systems field and its claims to find universal principles applying to systems in general. The study of references shared by the articles allows us to obtain a global point of view on the structure of this highly interdisciplinary field. We show that its overall coherence does not arise from a universal theory, but instead from computational techniques and fruitful adaptations of the idea of self-organization to specific systems. We also find that communication between different disciplines goes through specific ``trading zones,'' i.e., subcommunities that create an interface around specific tools (a DNA microchip) or concepts (a network).},
	annotation = {21 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Grauwin, Sebastian and Beslon, Guillaume and Fleury, {\'E}ric and Franceschelli, Sara and Robardet, Celine and Rouquier, Jean-Baptiste and Jensen, Pablo},
	doi = {10.1002/asi.22644},
	issn = {1532-2890},
	journal = {Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology},
	keywords = {cluster analysis,cybernetics,interdisciplinarity},
	langid = {english},
	number = {7},
	pages = {1327--1338},
	shorttitle = {Complex Systems Science},
	title = {Complex Systems Science: {{Dreams}} of Universality, Interdisciplinarity Reality},
	urldate = {2023-04-08},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2012},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.22644}}

@article{grossbergNeuralDynamicsGestalt2012,
	author = {Grossberg, Stephen and Pinna, Baingio},
	journal = {GESTALT THEORY},
	keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
	langid = {english},
	title = {Neural {{Dynamics}} of {{Gestalt Principles}} of {{Perceptual Organization}}: {{From Grouping}} to {{Shape}} and {{Meaning}}},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2012}}

@book{guastelloChaosComplexityPsychology2008,
	abstract = {While many books have discussed methodological advances in nonlinear dynamical systems theory (NDS), this volume is unique in its focus on NDS's role in the development of psychological theory. After an introductory chapter covering the fundamentals of chaos, complexity and other nonlinear dynamics, subsequent chapters provide in-depth coverage of each of the specific topic areas in psychology. A concluding chapter takes stock of the field as a whole, evaluating important challenges for the immediate future. The chapters are written by experts in the use of NDS in each of their respective areas, including biological, cognitive, developmental, social, organizational and clinical psychology. Each chapter provides an in-depth examination of theoretical foundations and specific applications and a review of relevant methods. This edited collection represents the state of the art in NDS science across the disciplines of psychology.},
	author = {Guastello, Stephen J. and Koopmans, Matthijs and Pincus, David},
	googlebooks = {6x5DAwAAQBAJ},
	isbn = {978-1-139-86726-9},
	keywords = {Psychology / Cognitive Psychology \& Cognition,Psychology / General,Psychology / Physiological Psychology,Science / Life Sciences / Neuroscience},
	langid = {english},
	month = nov,
	publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
	shorttitle = {Chaos and {{Complexity}} in {{Psychology}}},
	title = {Chaos and {{Complexity}} in {{Psychology}}: {{The Theory}} of {{Nonlinear Dynamical Systems}}},
	year = {2008}}

@article{guastelloCuspButterflyCatastrophe1984,
	abstract = {This article concerns a cross-level formal identity between systems at the level of the organism and the level of an organization. It discusses catastrophe modeling for a class of theories, opponent process models, particularly two that have been proposed for drug addiction and the job satisfaction-performance relationship. The resulting models are then expanded to butterfly catastrophes; results converge with models proposed from other vantage points. While job satisfaction and drug addiction appear to have little to do with each other, the mathematical modeling common to them offers a systemic link between an individual and a foreign chemical substance, and an individual within a job in an organization.},
	annotation = {12 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Guastello, Stephen J.},
	doi = {10.1002/bs.3830290405},
	issn = {1099-1743},
	journal = {Behavioral Science},
	keywords = {catastrophe theory,cross-level formal identity,drug addiction,general systems theory,job satisfaction,motivation,support system,systems at the levels of the organism and the organization},
	langid = {english},
	number = {4},
	pages = {258--262},
	shorttitle = {Cusp and Butterfly Catastrophe Modeling of Two Opponent Process Models},
	title = {Cusp and Butterfly Catastrophe Modeling of Two Opponent Process Models: {{Drug}} Addiction and Work Performance},
	urldate = {2023-02-03},
	volume = {29},
	year = {1984},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830290405}}

@article{guastelloCuspCatastropheModels2019,
	author = {Guastello, Stephen and Correro, Anthony and Marra, David},
	journal = {Applied Ergonomics},
	keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
	month = sep,
	title = {Cusp {{Catastrophe Models}} for {{Cognitive Workload}} and {{Fatigue}} in {{Teams}}},
	year = {2019}}

@article{guastelloModeratorRegressionCusp1982,
	abstract = {This article demonstrates the applicability of the cusp catastrophe model to a two-stage validity study for personnel selection which can simultaneously assess the success of a training program. Personnel selection is of interest substantively since its literature spans psychology, education, economics, management science, political philosophy, statistics, and psychometric theory. The basic problem is, in turn, pertinent to the study of any individuals integrating into an organization, or a therapy or social program. In an empirical example regression coefficients for conventional and cusp-difference models were compared using partially real and partially simulated data. Subjects were 272 salespersons from a Midwestern firm, of which 17 were Spanish-speaking Americans. Group membership was the dummy coded bifurcation (moderator) factor. A composite of personality and ability test scores was the asymmetry factor. The cusp model was a more efficient predictor of performance (R2 = .39) than the moderator model (R2 = .04) or a control equation using a bimodal transformation (R2 = .04). It was also possible to obtain implicit discriminant functions (IDFS) to predict the top performing 16\% of the sample (R2 = .71), and the low performing 16\% (R2 = .95). The results were interpreted as supporting the usefulness of the statistical catastrophe models for two-stage personnel selection and training, and similar problems. Differential impact, moderator, and interaction effects in organizational literature were discussed vis-\'a-vis the bifurcation concept.},
	annotation = {52 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Guastello, Stephen J.},
	doi = {10.1002/bs.3830270305},
	issn = {1099-1743},
	journal = {Behavioral Science},
	keywords = {catastrophe theory,individual,moderator regression,organization,personnel selection,policy evaluation,selection bias,training,utility},
	langid = {english},
	number = {3},
	pages = {259--272},
	shorttitle = {Moderator Regression and the Cusp Catastrophe},
	title = {Moderator Regression and the Cusp Catastrophe: {{Application}} of Two-Stage Personnel Selection, Training, Therapy, and Policy Evaluation},
	urldate = {2023-01-30},
	volume = {27},
	year = {1982},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830270305}}

@incollection{guckenheimerGlobalBifurcations1983,
	abstract = {In Chapter 3 we dealt with the local bifurcation properties of equilibrium points and periodic orbits. The theory developed there relied upon coordinate transformations which bring general systems into normal forms, from which dynamical information can be deduced from the Taylor series of a vector field or map at a single point.},
	address = {{New York, NY}},
	author = {Guckenheimer, John and Holmes, Philip},
	booktitle = {Nonlinear {{Oscillations}}, {{Dynamical Systems}}, and {{Bifurcations}} of {{Vector Fields}}},
	doi = {10.1007/978-1-4612-1140-2_6},
	editor = {Guckenheimer, John and Holmes, Philip},
	isbn = {978-1-4612-1140-2},
	keywords = {Homoclinic Orbit,Lorenz System,Periodic Orbit,Rotation Number,Unstable Manifold},
	langid = {english},
	pages = {289--352},
	publisher = {{Springer}},
	series = {Applied {{Mathematical Sciences}}},
	title = {Global {{Bifurcations}}},
	urldate = {2023-03-14},
	year = {1983},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1140-2_6}}

@article{guemezCartesianDiverFold2002,
	annotation = {15 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {G{\"u}{\'e}mez, J. and Fiolhais, C. and Fiolhais, M.},
	doi = {10.1119/1.1477433},
	issn = {0002-9505, 1943-2909},
	journal = {American Journal of Physics},
	langid = {english},
	month = jul,
	number = {7},
	pages = {710--714},
	title = {The {{Cartesian}} Diver and the Fold Catastrophe},
	urldate = {2023-01-23},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2002},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1477433}}

@article{guimeraTeamAssemblyMechanisms2005,
	abstract = {Agents in creative enterprises are embedded in networks that inspire, support, and evaluate their work. Here, we investigate how the mechanisms by which creative teams self-assemble determine the structure of these collaboration networks. We propose a model for the self-assembly of creative teams that has its basis in three parameters: team size, the fraction of newcomers in new productions, and the tendency of incumbents to repeat previous collaborations. The model suggests that the emergence of a large connected community of practitioners can be described as a phase transition. We find that team assembly mechanisms determine both the structure of the collaboration network and team performance for teams derived from both artistic and scientific fields.},
	annotation = {704 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Guimer{\`a}, Roger and Uzzi, Brian and Spiro, Jarrett and Amaral, Lu{\'\i}s A. Nunes},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1106340},
	journal = {Science},
	month = apr,
	number = {5722},
	pages = {697--702},
	publisher = {{American Association for the Advancement of Science}},
	title = {Team {{Assembly Mechanisms Determine Collaboration Network Structure}} and {{Team Performance}}},
	urldate = {2023-04-29},
	volume = {308},
	year = {2005},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1106340}}

@article{haigAbductiveTheoryScientific2005,
	abstract = {A broad theory of scientific method is sketched that has particular relevance for the behavioral sciences. This theory of method assembles a complex of specific strategies and methods that are used in the detection of empirical phenomena and the subsequent construction of explanatory theories. A characterization of the nature of phenomena is given, and the process of their detection is briefly described in terms of a multistage model of data analysis. The construction of explanatory theories is shown to involve their generation through abductive, or explanatory, reasoning, their development through analogical modeling, and their fuller appraisal in terms of judgments of the best of competing explanations. The nature and limits of this theory of method are discussed in the light of relevant developments in scientific methodology.},
	annotation = {187 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Haig, Brian D.},
	doi = {10.1037/1082-989X.10.4.371},
	issn = {1082-989X},
	journal = {Psychological Methods},
	keywords = {Behavioral Sciences,Humans,Psychological Theory,Psychology},
	langid = {english},
	month = dec,
	number = {4},
	pages = {371--388},
	pmid = {16392993},
	title = {An Abductive Theory of Scientific Method},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2005},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.10.4.371}}

@book{haigInvestigatingPsychologicalWorld2014,
	abstract = {A broad theory of research methodology for psychology and the behavioral sciences that offers a coherent treatment of a range of behavioral research methods.This book considers scientific method in the behavioral sciences, with particular reference to psychology. Psychologists learn about research methods and use them to conduct their research, but their training teaches them little about the nature of scientific method itself. In Investigating the Psychological World, Brian Haig fills this gap. Drawing on behavioral science methodology, the philosophy of science, and statistical theory, Haig constructs a broad theory of scientific method that has particular relevance for the behavioral sciences. He terms this account of method the abductive theory of method (ATOM) in recognition of the importance it assigns to explanatory reasoning. ATOM offers the framework for a coherent treatment of a range of quantitative and qualitative behavioral research methods, giving equal treatment to data-analytic methods and methods of theory construction.Haig draws on the new experimentalism in the philosophy of science to reconstruct the process of phenomena detection as it applies to psychology; he considers the logic and purpose of exploratory factor analysis; he discusses analogical modeling as a means of theory development; and he recommends the use of inference to the best explanation for evaluating theories in psychology. Finally, he outlines the nature of research problems, discusses the nature of the abductive method, and describes applications of the method to grounded theory method and clinical reasoning. The book will be of interest not only to philosophers of science but also to psychological researchers who want to deepen their conceptual understanding of research methods and methodological concerns.},
	author = {Haig, Brian D.},
	googlebooks = {sPk0AwAAQBAJ},
	isbn = {978-0-262-32238-6},
	keywords = {Psychology / Cognitive Psychology \& Cognition,Psychology / Research \& Methodology},
	langid = {english},
	month = apr,
	publisher = {{MIT Press}},
	shorttitle = {Investigating the {{Psychological World}}},
	title = {Investigating the {{Psychological World}}: {{Scientific Method}} in the {{Behavioral Sciences}}},
	year = {2014}}

@article{hakenSynergetics1977,
	abstract = {`Synergetics' is a term that many physicists will have come across without perhaps fully understanding its meaning. In this article Professor Haken tells us that synergetics is a new field of interdisciplinary research and describes its achievements},
	annotation = {62 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Haken, Hermann},
	doi = {10.1088/0031-9112/28/9/027},
	issn = {0031-9112},
	journal = {Physics Bulletin},
	langid = {english},
	month = sep,
	number = {9},
	pages = {412},
	title = {Synergetics},
	urldate = {2023-01-28},
	volume = {28},
	year = {1977},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/28/9/027}}

@incollection{hakenSynergeticsPsychology1992,
	abstract = {The interdisciplinary field of synergetics may be considered as a strategy for dealing with complex systems. It focusses its attention on those situations where systems change their behavior qualitatively. The basic concepts of synergetics, such as stability and instability, order parameters, control parameters, the slaving principle, hysteresis, critical fluctuations, etc. are illustrated by means of examples taken from physics (lasers and fluid dynamics) and physiology (finger movements). It is shown how the concepts of synergetics may be used as metaphors at the conceptual level, but that they allow us also to devise computer models for phenomena treated by psychology, e.g. visual perception, including those of ambiguous pictures, where contact with Gestalt theory can also be made. As is shown in particular, the change of rather unspecific control parameters can induce a qualitative change in the behavior of a system.},
	address = {{Berlin, Heidelberg}},
	author = {Haken, Hermann},
	booktitle = {Self-{{Organization}} and {{Clinical Psychology}}: {{Empirical Approaches}} to {{Synergetics}} in {{Psychology}}},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-77534-5_2},
	editor = {Tschacher, Wolfgang and Schiepek, G{\"u}nter and Brunner, Ewald Johannes},
	isbn = {978-3-642-77534-5},
	keywords = {Excited Electron,Finger Movement,Light Field,Light Wave,Test Person},
	langid = {english},
	pages = {32--54},
	publisher = {{Springer}},
	series = {Springer {{Series}} in {{Synergetics}}},
	title = {Synergetics in {{Psychology}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-01},
	year = {1992},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77534-5_2}}

@article{hakenTheoreticalModelPhase1985,
	abstract = {Earlier experimental studies by one of us (Kelso, 1981a, 1984) have shown that abrupt phase transitions occur in human hand movements under the influence of scalar changes in cycling frequency. Beyond a critical frequency the originally prepared out-of-phase, antisymmetric mode is replaced by a symmetrical, in-phase mode involving simultaneous activation of homologous muscle groups. Qualitavely, these phase transitions are analogous to gait shifts in animal locomotion as well as phenomena common to other physical and biological systems in which new ``modes'' or spatiotemporal patterns arise when the system is parametrically scaled beyond its equilibrium state (Haken, 1983). In this paper a theoretical model, using concepts central to the interdisciplinary field of synergetics and nonlinear oscillator theory, is developed, which reproduces (among other features) the dramatic change in coordinative pattern observed between the hands.},
	annotation = {1557 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Haken, Hermann and Kelso, J. A. S. and Bunz, H.},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00336922},
	issn = {1432-0770},
	journal = {Biological Cybernetics},
	langid = {english},
	month = feb,
	number = {5},
	pages = {347--356},
	title = {A Theoretical Model of Phase Transitions in Human Hand Movements},
	urldate = {2023-02-13},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1985},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00336922}}

@article{hamakerModelingAffectDynamics2015,
	abstract = {The current article aims to provide an up-to-date synopsis of available techniques to study affect dynamics using intensive longitudinal data (ILD). We do so by introducing the following eight dichotomies that help elucidate what kind of data one has, what process aspects are of interest, and what research questions are being considered: (1) single- versus multiple-person data; (2) univariate versus multivariate models; (3) stationary versus nonstationary models; (4) linear versus nonlinear models; (5) discrete time versus continuous time models; (6) discrete versus continuous variables; (7) time versus frequency domain; and (8) modeling the process versus computing descriptives. In addition, we discuss what we believe to be the most urging future challenges regarding the modeling of affect dynamics.},
	annotation = {82 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Hamaker, Ellen L. and Ceulemans, E. and Grasman, R. P. P. P. and Tuerlinckx, F.},
	doi = {10.1177/1754073915590619},
	issn = {1754-0739},
	journal = {Emotion Review},
	langid = {english},
	month = oct,
	number = {4},
	pages = {316--322},
	publisher = {{SAGE Publications}},
	shorttitle = {Modeling {{Affect Dynamics}}},
	title = {Modeling {{Affect Dynamics}}: {{State}} of the {{Art}} and {{Future Challenges}}},
	urldate = {2023-05-26},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2015},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073915590619}}

@article{tuerlinckxComparisonFourMethods2001,
  title = {A Comparison of Four Methods for Simulating the Diffusion Process},
  author = {Tuerlinckx, Francis and Maris, Eric and Ratcliff, Roger and De Boeck, Paul},
  year = {2001},
  month = nov,
  journal = {Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, \& Computers},
  volume = {33},
  number = {4},
  pages = {443--456},
  issn = {1532-5970},
  doi = {10.3758/BF03195402},
  urldate = {2023-09-12},
  abstract = {Four methods for the simulation of the Wiener process with constant drift and variance are described. These four methods are (1) approximating the diffusion process by a random walk with very small time steps; (2) drawing directly from the joint density of responses and reaction time by means of a (possibly) repeated application of a rejection algorithm; (3) using a discrete approximation to the stochastic differential equation describing the diffusion process; and (4) a probability integral transform method approximating the inverse of the cumulative distribution function of the diffusion process. The four methods for simulating response probabilities and response times are compared on two criteria: simulation speed and accuracy of the simulation. It is concluded that the rejection-based and probability integral transform method perform best on both criteria, and that the stochastic differential approximation is worst. An important drawback of the rejection method is that it is applicable only to the Wiener process, whereas the probability integral transform method is more general.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {/unread,Acceptance Rate,Diffusion Process,Random Walk,Stochastic Differential Equation,Wiener Process},
  annotation = {51 citations (Crossref) [2023-09-25]}
}

@article{hameroffOrchestratedReductionQuantum1996,
	abstract = {Features of consciousness difficult to understand in terms of conventional neuroscience have evoked application of quantum theory, which describes the fundamental behavior of matter and energy. In this paper we propose that aspects of quantum theory (e.g. quantum coherence) and of a newly proposed physical phenomenon of quantum wave function ``self-collapse'' (objective reduction: OR - Penrose, 1994) are essential for consciousness, and occur in cytoskeletal microtubules and other structures within each of the brain's neurons. The particular characteristics of microtubules suitable for quantum effects include their crystal-like lattice structure, hollow inner core, organization of cell function and capacity for information processing. We envisage that conformational states of microtubule subunits (tubulins) are coupled to internal quantum events, and cooperatively interact (compute) with other tubulins. We further assume that macroscopic coherent superposition of quantum-coupled tubulin conformational states occurs throughout significant brain volumes and provides the global binding essential to consciousness. We equate the emergence of the microtubule quantum coherence with pre-conscious processing which grows (for up to 500 ms) until the mass-energy difference among the separated states of tubulins reaches a threshold related to quantum gravity. According to the arguments for OR put forth in Penrose (1994), superpositioned states each have their own space-time geometries. When the degree of coherent mass-energy difference leads to sufficient separation of space-time geometry, the system must choose and decay (reduce, collapse) to a single universe state. In this way, a transient superposition of slightly differing space-time geometries persists until an abrupt quantum \textrightarrow{} classical reduction occurs. Unlike the random, ``subjective reduction'' (SR, or R) of standard quantum theory caused by observation or environmental entanglement, the OR we propose in microtubules is a self-collapse and it results in particular patterns of microtubule-tubulin conformational states that regulate neuronal activities including synaptic functions. Possibilities and probabilities for post-reduction tubulin states are influenced by factors including attachments of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) acting as ``nodes'' which tune and ``orchestrate'' the quantum oscillations. We thus term the self-tuning OR process in microtubules ``orchestrated objective reduction'' (``Orch OR''), and calculate an estimate for the number of tubulins (and neurons) whose coherence for relevant time periods (e.g. 500 ms) will elicit Orch OR. In providing a connection among (1) pre-conscious to conscious transition, (2) fundamental space-time notions, (3) non-computability, and (4) binding of various (time scale and spatial) reductions into an instantaneous event (``conscious now''), we believe Orch OR in brain microtubules is the most specific and plausible model for consciousness yet proposed.},
	annotation = {164 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Hameroff, Stuart and Penrose, Roger},
	doi = {10.1016/0378-4754(96)80476-9},
	issn = {0378-4754},
	journal = {Mathematics and Computers in Simulation},
	keywords = {Consciousness,Cytoskeleton,Microtubules,Quantum gravity,Quantum theory},
	langid = {english},
	month = apr,
	number = {3},
	pages = {453--480},
	shorttitle = {Orchestrated Reduction of Quantum Coherence in Brain Microtubules},
	title = {Orchestrated Reduction of Quantum Coherence in Brain Microtubules: {{A}} Model for Consciousness},
	urldate = {2023-06-03},
	volume = {40},
	year = {1996},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4754(96)80476-9}}

@article{hardinTragedyCommons1968,
	author = {Hardin, Garrett},
	langid = {english},
	title = {The {{Tragedy}} of the {{Commons}}},
	volume = {162},
	year = {1968}}

@article{hardyTestingPredictionsCusp1996,
	author = {Hardy, Lew},
	doi = {10.1123/tsp.10.2.140},
	issn = {0888-4781, 1543-2793},
	journal = {The Sport Psychologist},
	langid = {american},
	month = jun,
	number = {2},
	pages = {140--156},
	title = {Testing the {{Predictions}} of the {{Cusp Catastrophe Model}} of {{Anxiety}} and {{Performance}}},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1996},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.10.2.140}}

@article{haslbeckModelingPsychopathologyData2022,
	abstract = {Over the past decade, there has been a surge of empirical research investigating mental disorders as complex systems. In this article, we investigate how to best make use of this growing body of empirical research and move the field toward its fundamental aims of explaining, predicting, and controlling psychopathology. We first review the contemporary philosophy of science literature on scientific theories and argue that fully achieving the aims of explanation, prediction, and control requires that we construct formal theories of mental disorders: theories expressed in the language of mathematics or a computational programming language. We then investigate three routes by which one can use empirical findings (i.e., data models) to construct formal theories: (a) using data models themselves as formal theories, (b) using data models to infer formal theories, and (c) comparing empirical data models to theory-implied data models in order to evaluate and refine an existing formal theory. We argue that the third approach is the most promising path forward. We conclude by introducing the abductive formal theory construction (AFTC) framework, informed by both our review of philosophy of science and our methodological investigation. We argue that this approach provides a clear and promising way forward for using empirical research to inform the generation, development, and testing of formal theories both in the domain of psychopathology and in the broader field of psychological science. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {19 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Haslbeck, Jonas M. B. and Ryan, Ois{\'\i}n and Robinaugh, Donald J. and Waldorp, Lourens J. and Borsboom, Denny},
	doi = {10.1037/met0000303},
	issn = {1939-1463(Electronic),1082-989X(Print)},
	journal = {Psychological Methods},
	keywords = {*Computational Modeling,*Models,*Psychopathology,*Simulation,*Theories,Data Sets,Philosophies,Sciences,Theory Formulation},
	pages = {930--957},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	title = {Modeling Psychopathology: {{From}} Data Models to Formal Theories.},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000303}}

@article{haslbeckRecoveringWithinPersonDynamics2022,
	abstract = {Idiographic modeling is rapidly gaining popularity, promising to tap into the within-person dynamics underlying psychological phenomena. To gain theoretical understanding of these dynamics, we need to make inferences from time series models about the underlying system. Such inferences are subject to two challenges: first, time series models will arguably always be misspecified, meaning it is unclear how to make inferences to the underlying system; and second, the sampling frequency must be sufficient to capture the dynamics of interest. We discuss both problems with the following approach: we specify a toy model for emotion dynamics as the true system, generate time series data from it, and then try to recover that system with the most popular time series analysis tools. We show that making straightforward inferences from time series models about an underlying system is difficult. We also show that if the sampling frequency is insufficient, the dynamics of interest cannot be recovered. However, we also show that global characteristics of the system can be recovered reliably. We conclude by discussing the consequences of our findings for idiographic modeling and suggest a modeling methodology that goes beyond fitting time series models alone and puts formal theories at the center of theory development.},
	annotation = {13 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Haslbeck, Jonas M. B. and Ryan, Ois{\'\i}n},
	doi = {10.1080/00273171.2021.1896353},
	issn = {0027-3171},
	journal = {Multivariate Behavioral Research},
	keywords = {formal theory,misspecification,sampling frequency,Time series analysis},
	month = sep,
	number = {5},
	pages = {735--766},
	pmid = {34154483},
	publisher = {{Routledge}},
	title = {Recovering {{Within-Person Dynamics}} from {{Psychological Time Series}}},
	urldate = {2023-03-24},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2021.1896353}}

@article{hassellPatternsDynamicalBehaviour1976,
  title = {Patterns of {{Dynamical Behaviour}} in {{Single-Species Populations}}},
  author = {Hassell, M. P. and Lawton, J. H. and May, R. M.},
  year = {1976},
  journal = {Journal of Animal Ecology},
  volume = {45},
  number = {2},
  eprint = {3886},
  eprinttype = {jstor},
  pages = {471--486},
  publisher = {[Wiley, British Ecological Society]},
  issn = {0021-8790},
  doi = {10.2307/3886},
  urldate = {2024-05-09},
  abstract = {(1) A variety of data on field and laboratory populations is reviewed in which there is little or no overlap between generations. These data are then fitted to a simple, non-linear, density dependent population model. (2) A rich spectrum of dynamical behaviour is possible in such a non-linear model (ranging from a stable equilibrium point, through stable cycles, to apparently chaotic population fluctuations). In the particular model discussed, these stability properties hinge upon two parameters. These have been estimated for a variety of insect populations enabling us to compare the dynamical behaviour of real populations with that which is theoretically possible. (3) We find the majority of populations show a monotonic return to a stable equilibrium point following a disturbance, with relatively few examples of oscillatory damping or low-order limit cycles. (4) Examples of stable cyclic behaviour, or of chaotic fluctuations, are mostly found in laboratory populations. In such cases, the absence of many natural mortality factors, or of dispersal, may tend to exaggerate non-linear aspects of the dynamics. (5) The observed range of fluctuations in various populations is tabulated. These are discussed in relation to the predicted ranges of fluctuation where limit cycles or chaos occur. The conclusion supports that of (3) above; namely that most natural populations will tend to return to a stable equilibrium point following a disturbance.}
}


@article{hayesComplexSystemsApproach2020,
	abstract = {A growing body of research highlights the limitations of traditional methods for studying the process of change in psychotherapy. The science of complex systems offers a useful paradigm for studying patterns of psychopathology and the development of more functional patterns in psychotherapy. Some basic principles of change are presented from subdisciplines of complexity science that are particularly relevant to psychotherapy: dynamical systems theory, synergetics, and network theory. Two early warning signs of system transition that have been identified across sciences (critical fluctuations and critical slowing) are also described. The network destabilization and transition (NDT) model of therapeutic change is presented as a conceptual framework to import these principles to psychotherapy research and to suggest future research directions.},
	annotation = {35 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Hayes, Adele M. and Andrews, Leigh A.},
	doi = {10.1186/s12916-020-01662-2},
	issn = {1741-7015},
	journal = {BMC Medicine},
	keywords = {Complex systems theory,Dynamical systems,Network theory,Process-based psychotherapy,Psychotherapy~research},
	month = jul,
	number = {1},
	pages = {197},
	title = {A Complex Systems Approach to the Study of Change in Psychotherapy},
	urldate = {2023-06-04},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01662-2}}

@book{heathNonlinearDynamicsTechniques2000,
	abstract = {Additional Resource Materials Human behavior would not be interesting to us if it remained the same from one moment to the next. Moreover, we tend to be sensitive to changes in people's behavior, especially when such change impacts on our own, and other's, behavior. This book describes a variety of techniques for investigating change in behavior. It employs conventional time series methods, as well as recently developed methodology using nonlinear dynamics, including chaos, a term that is not easy to define, nor to confirm.  Although nonlinear methods are being used more frequently in psychology, a comprehensive coverage of methods, theory and applications, with a particular focus on human behavior, is needed. Between these covers, the reader is led through various procedures for linear and nonlinear time series analysis, including some novel procedures that allow subtle temporal aspects of human cognition to be detected. Analyses of reaction times, heart-rate, psychomotor skill, decision making, and EEG are supplemented by a contemporary review of recent dynamical research in developmental psychology, psychopathology, and human cognitive processes. A consideration of nonlinear dynamics assists our understanding of deep issues such as: Why is our short-term memory capacity limited? Why do chronic disorders, and also cognitive development, progress through stage-like transitions? Why do people make irrational decisions?  This book will be of particular interest to researchers, practitioners, and advanced students in a variety of areas in psychology, particularly in human experimental and physiological psychology. Data analyses are performed using the latest nonlinear dynamics computer packages. A comprehensive WWW resource of software and supplementary information is provided to assist the reader's understanding of the novel, and potentially revolutionary, procedures described in the book.},
	address = {{Mahwah, N.J}},
	author = {Heath, Richard A.},
	edition = {1st edition},
	isbn = {978-0-8058-3200-6},
	langid = {english},
	month = jun,
	publisher = {{Psychology Press}},
	shorttitle = {Nonlinear {{Dynamics}}},
	title = {Nonlinear {{Dynamics}}: {{Techniques}} and {{Applications}} in {{Psychology}}},
	year = {2000}}

@book{hebbOrganizationBehaviorNeuropsychological1949,
	abstract = {"This book presents a theory of behavior that is based as far as possible on the physiology of the nervous system, and makes a sedulous attempt to find some community of neurological and psychological conceptions." Using the concept of the reverbatory circuit and the assumption that "some growth process or metabolic change" in neurones takes place as a result of repeated transmission across synapses, perceptual integration is described in terms of "cell-assemblies." Of 11 chapters, 4 are devoted to perceptual problems, 2 to learning, 2 to motivation, and 1 each to emotional disturbances and intelligence. 14-page bibliography. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{Oxford, England}},
	author = {Hebb, D. O.},
	pages = {xix, 335},
	publisher = {{Wiley}},
	series = {The Organization of Behavior; a Neuropsychological Theory},
	title = {The Organization of Behavior; a Neuropsychological Theory},
	year = {1949}}

@article{heckmanLessonsBellCurve1995,
	abstract = {This paper examines the argument presented in The Bell Curve. A central argument is that one factor--g--accounts for correlation across test scores and performance in society. Another central argument is that g cannot be manipulated. These arguments are combined to claim that social policies designed to improve social performance cannot be effective. A reanalysis of the evidence contradicts this story. The factors that explain wages receive different weights than the factors that explain test scores. More than g is required to explain either. Other factors besides g contribute to social performance, and they can be manipulated.},
	annotation = {131 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Heckman, James J.},
	doi = {10.1086/262014},
	issn = {0022-3808},
	journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
	month = oct,
	number = {5},
	pages = {1091--1120},
	publisher = {{The University of Chicago Press}},
	title = {Lessons from the {{Bell Curve}}},
	urldate = {2023-06-03},
	volume = {103},
	year = {1995},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1086/262014}}

@article{hegselmannThomasSchellingJames2017,
	annotation = {43 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Hegselmann, Rainer},
	doi = {10.18564/jasss.3511},
	issn = {1460-7425},
	journal = {Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation},
	number = {3},
	pages = {15},
	shorttitle = {Thomas {{C}}. {{Schelling}} and {{James M}}. {{Sakoda}}},
	title = {Thomas {{C}}. {{Schelling}} and {{James M}}. {{Sakoda}}: {{The Intellectual}}, {{Technical}}, and {{Social History}} of a {{Model}}},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.3511}}

@article{heiderAttitudesCognitiveOrganization1946,
	annotation = {2089 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Heider, Fritz},
	doi = {10.1080/00223980.1946.9917275},
	issn = {0022-3980, 1940-1019},
	journal = {The Journal of Psychology},
	langid = {english},
	month = jan,
	number = {1},
	pages = {107--112},
	title = {Attitudes and {{Cognitive Organization}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-16},
	volume = {21},
	year = {1946},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1946.9917275}}

@article{helbingSocialForceModel1995,
	abstract = {It is suggested that the motion of pedestrians can be described as if they would be subject to ``social forces.'' These ``forces'' are not directly exerted by the pedestrians' personal environment, but they are a measure for the internal motivations of the individuals to perform certain actions (movements). The corresponding force concept is discussed in more detail and can also be applied to the description of other behaviors. In the presented model of pedestrian behavior several force terms are essential: first, a term describing the acceleration towards the desired velocity of motion; second, terms reflecting that a pedestrian keeps a certain distance from other pedestrians and borders; and third, a term modeling attractive effects. The resulting equations of motion of nonlinearly coupled Langevin equations. Computer simulations of crowds of interacting pedestrians show that the social force model is capable of describing the self-organization of several observed collective effects of pedestrian behavior very realistically., This article appears in the following collection:},
	annotation = {3784 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Helbing, Dirk and Moln{\'a}r, P{\'e}ter},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.51.4282},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	month = may,
	number = {5},
	pages = {4282--4286},
	publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
	title = {Social Force Model for Pedestrian Dynamics},
	urldate = {2023-02-16},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1995},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.51.4282}}

@article{hendrikseModelingEmergingInterpersonal2023,
	abstract = {When people interact, their behaviour tends to become synchronized, a mutual coordination process that fosters short-term adaptations, like increased affiliation, and long-term adaptations, like increased bonding. This paper addresses for the first time how such short-term and long-term adaptivity induced by synchronization can be modeled computationally by a second-order multi-adaptive neural agent model. It addresses movement, affect and verbal modalities and both intrapersonal synchrony and interpersonal synchrony. The behaviour of the introduced neural agent model was evaluated in a simulation paradigm with different stimuli and communication enabling conditions. Moreover, in this paper, mathematical analysis is also addressed for adaptive network models and their positioning within the landscape of adaptive dynamical systems. The first type of analysis addressed shows that any smooth adaptive dynamical system has a canonical representation by a self-modeling network. This implies theoretically that the self-modeling network format is widely applicable, which also has been found in many practical applications using this approach. Furthermore, stationary point and equilibrium analysis was addressed and applied to the introduced self-modeling network model. It was used to obtain verification of the model providing evidence that the implemented model is correct with respect to its design specifications.},
	annotation = {9 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Hendrikse, Sophie and Treur, Jan and Koole, Sander},
	doi = {10.1142/S0129065723500387},
	issn = {0129-0657},
	journal = {International journal of neural systems},
	month = apr,
	shorttitle = {Modeling {{Emerging Interpersonal Synchrony}} and Its {{Related Adaptive Short-Term Affiliation}} and {{Long-Term Bonding}}},
	title = {Modeling {{Emerging Interpersonal Synchrony}} and Its {{Related Adaptive Short-Term Affiliation}} and {{Long-Term Bonding}}: {{A Second-Order Multi-Adaptive Neural Agent Model}}},
	year = {2023},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129065723500387}}

@book{herrnsteinBellCurveIntelligence2010,
	abstract = {The controversial book linking intelligence to class and race in modern society, and what public policy can do to mitigate socioeconomic differences in IQ, birth rate, crime, fertility, welfare, and poverty.},
	author = {Herrnstein, Richard J. and Murray, Charles},
	googlebooks = {s4CKqxi6yWIC},
	isbn = {978-1-4391-3491-7},
	keywords = {History / General,Social Science / Demography,Social Science / General,Social Science / Social Classes \& Economic Disparity},
	langid = {english},
	month = may,
	publisher = {{Simon and Schuster}},
	shorttitle = {The {{Bell Curve}}},
	title = {The {{Bell Curve}}: {{Intelligence}} and {{Class Structure}} in {{American Life}}},
	year = {2010}}

@article{hirschSystemsDifferentialEquations1985,
	abstract = {A vector field in n-space determines a competitive (or cooperative) system of differential equations provided all the off-diagonal terms of its Jacobian matrix are nonpositive (or nonnegative). The principal result is that limit sets of such systems cannot be more complicated than invariant sets of systems of one lower dimension. In fact orthogonal projection along any positive direction maps a limit set homeomorphically and equivariantly onto an invariant set of a Lipschitz vector field in a hyperplane. Limit sets are nowhere dense, unknotted and unlinked. In dimension 2 every trajectory is eventually monotone. In dimension 3 a compact limit set which does not contain an equilibrium is a closed orbit or a cylinder of closed orbits.},
	annotation = {404 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Hirsch, Morris W.},
	doi = {10.1137/0516030},
	issn = {0036-1410},
	journal = {SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis},
	month = may,
	number = {3},
	pages = {423--439},
	publisher = {{Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics}},
	shorttitle = {Systems of {{Differential Equations}} That Are {{Competitive}} or {{Cooperative II}}},
	title = {Systems of {{Differential Equations}} That Are {{Competitive}} or {{Cooperative II}}: {{Convergence Almost Everywhere}}},
	urldate = {2023-03-23},
	volume = {16},
	year = {1985},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1137/0516030}}

@article{hoelQuantifyingCausalEmergence2013,
	abstract = {Causal interactions within complex systems can be analyzed at multiple spatial and temporal scales. For example, the brain can be analyzed at the level of neurons, neuronal groups, and areas, over tens, hundreds, or thousands of milliseconds. It is widely assumed that, once a micro level is fixed, macro levels are fixed too, a relation called supervenience. It is also assumed that, although macro descriptions may be convenient, only the micro level is causally complete, because it includes every detail, thus leaving no room for causation at the macro level. However, this assumption can only be evaluated under a proper measure of causation. Here, we use a measure [effective information (EI)] that depends on both the effectiveness of a system's mechanisms and the size of its state space: EI is higher the more the mechanisms constrain the system's possible past and future states. By measuring EI at micro and macro levels in simple systems whose micro mechanisms are fixed, we show that for certain causal architectures EI can peak at a macro level in space and/or time. This happens when coarse-grained macro mechanisms are more effective (more deterministic and/or less degenerate) than the underlying micro mechanisms, to an extent that overcomes the smaller state space. Thus, although the macro level supervenes upon the micro, it can supersede it causally, leading to genuine causal emergence\textemdash the gain in EI when moving from a micro to a macro level of analysis.},
	annotation = {147 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Hoel, Erik P. and Albantakis, Larissa and Tononi, Giulio},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1314922110},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	month = dec,
	number = {49},
	pages = {19790--19795},
	publisher = {{Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}},
	title = {Quantifying Causal Emergence Shows That Macro Can Beat Micro},
	urldate = {2023-02-14},
	volume = {110},
	year = {2013},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1314922110}}

@book{hofstadterGodelEscherBach1999,
	abstract = {Douglas Hofstadter's book is concerned directly with the nature of "maps' or links between formal systems. However, according to Hofstadter, the formal system that underlies all mental activity transcends the system that supports it. If life can grow out of the formal chemical substrate of the cell, if consciousness can emerge out of a formal system of firing neurons, then so too will computers attain human intelligence. G\"odel, Escher, Bach is a wonderful exploration of fascinating ideas at the heart of cognitive science: meaning, reduction, recursion, and much more.},
	author = {Hofstadter, Douglas R.},
	googlebooks = {8cgtAAAAYAAJ},
	isbn = {978-0-394-75682-0},
	langid = {english},
	publisher = {{Vintage Books}},
	shorttitle = {G\"odel, {{Escher}}, {{Bach}}},
	title = {G\"odel, {{Escher}}, {{Bach}}: {{An Eternal Golden Braid}}},
	year = {1979}}

@book{hollandAdaptationNaturalArtificial1992,
	abstract = {Genetic algorithms are playing an increasingly important role in studies of complex adaptive systems, ranging from adaptive agents in economic theory to the use of machine learning techniques in the design of complex devices such as aircraft turbines and integrated circuits. Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems is the book that initiated this field of study, presenting the theoretical foundations and exploring applications.In its most familiar form, adaptation is a biological process, whereby organisms evolve by rearranging genetic material to survive in environments confronting them. In this now classic work, Holland presents a mathematical model that allows for the nonlinearity of such complex interactions. He demonstrates the model's universality by applying it to economics, physiological psychology, game theory, and artificial intelligence and then outlines the way in which this approach modifies the traditional views of mathematical genetics.Initially applying his concepts to simply defined artificial systems with limited numbers of parameters, Holland goes on to explore their use in the study of a wide range of complex, naturally occuring processes, concentrating on systems having multiple factors that interact in nonlinear ways. Along the way he accounts for major effects of coadaptation and coevolution: the emergence of building blocks, or schemata, that are recombined and passed on to succeeding generations to provide, innovations and improvements.},
	author = {Holland, John H.},
	googlebooks = {5EgGaBkwvWcC},
	isbn = {978-0-262-58111-0},
	keywords = {Psychology / Cognitive Psychology \& Cognition},
	langid = {english},
	month = apr,
	publisher = {{MIT Press}},
	shorttitle = {Adaptation in {{Natural}} and {{Artificial Systems}}},
	title = {Adaptation in {{Natural}} and {{Artificial Systems}}: {{An Introductory Analysis}} with {{Applications}} to {{Biology}}, {{Control}}, and {{Artificial Intelligence}}},
	year = {1992}}

@article{hollandGeneticAlgorithms1992,
	annotation = {3071 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Holland, John H.},
	doi = {10.1038/scientificamerican0792-66},
	eprint = {24939139},
	eprinttype = {jstor},
	issn = {0036-8733},
	journal = {Scientific American},
	number = {1},
	pages = {66--73},
	publisher = {{Scientific American, a division of Nature America, Inc.}},
	title = {Genetic {{Algorithms}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-18},
	volume = {267},
	year = {1992},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0792-66}}

@incollection{holystSocialImpactModels2001,
	author = {Holyst, Janusz A. and Kacperski, Krzysztof and Schweitzer, Frank},
	booktitle = {Annual {{Reviews}} of {{Computational Physics IX}}},
	doi = {10.1142/9789812811578_0005},
	isbn = {978-981-02-4537-5},
	month = apr,
	pages = {253--273},
	publisher = {{WORLD SCIENTIFIC}},
	series = {Annual {{Reviews}} of {{Computational Physics}}},
	title = {Social Impact Models of Opinion Dynamics},
	urldate = {2023-04-18},
	volume = {Volume 9},
	year = {2001},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812811578_0005}}

@misc{huthBayesianAnalysisCrosssectional2023,
	abstract = {Network psychometrics is a new direction in psychological research that conceptualizes psychological constructs as systems of interacting variables. In network analysis, variables are represented as nodes and their interactions yield (partial) associations. Current estimation methods mostly use a frequentist approach, which does not allow for proper uncertainty quantification of the model and its parameters. Here, we outline a Bayesian approach to network analysis that offers three main benefits. In particular, applied researchers can use Bayesian methods to (1) determine structure uncertainty, (2) obtain evidence for edge inclusion and exclusion (i.e., distinguish conditional (in)dependence between variables), and (3) quantify parameter precision. The paper provides a conceptual introduction to Bayesian inference, describes how researchers can facilitate the three benefits for networks, and reviews the available R packages. In addition, we present two user-friendly software solutions: a new R package easybgm for fitting, extracting, and visualizing the Bayesian analysis of networks, and a graphical user interface implementation in JASP. The methodology is illustrated with a worked-out example of a network of personality traits and mental health.},
	annotation = {0 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Huth, Karoline and {de Ron}, Jill and Luigjes, Judy and Goudriaan, Anneke and Mohammadi, Reza and van Holst, Ruth and Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan and Marsman, Maarten},
	doi = {10.31234/osf.io/ub5tc},
	keywords = {Bayesian inference,JASP,network psychometrics,other,Psychology,Psychometrics,Quantitative Methods,R,Social and Behavioral Sciences,Statistical Methods,tutorial},
	langid = {american},
	month = jan,
	publisher = {{PsyArXiv}},
	shorttitle = {Bayesian {{Analysis}} of {{Cross-sectional Networks}}},
	title = {Bayesian {{Analysis}} of {{Cross-sectional Networks}}: {{A Tutorial}} in {{R}} and {{JASP}}},
	urldate = {2023-06-25},
	year = {2023},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ub5tc}}

@book{isvoranuNetworkPsychometricsGuide2022,
	abstract = {A systematic, innovative introduction to the field of network analysis, Network Psychometrics with R: A Guide for Behavioral and Social Scientists provides a comprehensive overview of and guide to both the theoretical foundations of network psychometrics as well as modelling techniques developed from this perspective. Written by pioneers in the field, this textbook showcases cutting-edge methods in an easily accessible format, accompanied by problem sets and code. After working through this book, readers will be able to understand the theoretical foundations behind network modelling, infer network topology, and estimate network parameters from different sources of data. This book features an introduction on the statistical programming language R that guides readers on how to analyse network structures and their stability using R. While Network Psychometrics with R is written in the context of social and behavioral science, the methods introduced in this book are widely applicable to data sets from related fields of study. Additionally, while the text is written in a non-technical manner, technical content is highlighted in textboxes for the interested reader. Network Psychometrics with R is ideal for instructors and students of undergraduate and graduate level courses and workshops in the field of network psychometrics as well as established researchers looking to master new methods. This book is accompanied by a companion website with resources for both students and lecturers.},
	author = {Isvoranu, Adela-Maria and Epskamp, Sacha and Waldorp, Lourens J. and Borsboom, Denny},
	googlebooks = {7JyazgEACAAJ},
	isbn = {978-0-367-61294-8},
	langid = {english},
	month = mar,
	publisher = {{Taylor \& Francis Limited}},
	shorttitle = {Network {{Psychometrics}} with {{R}}},
	title = {Network {{Psychometrics}} with {{R}}: {{A Guide}} for {{Behavioral}} and {{Social Scientists}}},
	year = {2022}}

@article{izhikevichFitzHughNagumoModel2006,
	annotation = {119 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Izhikevich, Eugene M. and FitzHugh, Richard},
	doi = {10.4249/scholarpedia.1349},
	issn = {1941-6016},
	journal = {Scholarpedia},
	langid = {english},
	month = sep,
	number = {9},
	pages = {1349},
	title = {{{FitzHugh-Nagumo}} Model},
	urldate = {2023-03-05},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2006},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.4249/scholarpedia.1349}}

@article{jacobsonEducationComplexSystem2019,
	abstract = {Education is a complex system, which has conceptual and methodological implications for education research and policy. In this article, an overview is first provided of the Complex Systems Conceptual Framework for Learning (CSCFL), which consists of a set of conceptual perspectives that are generally shared by educational complex systems, organized into two focus areas: collective behaviors of a system, and behaviors of individual agents in a system. Complexity and research methodologies for education are then considered, and it is observed that commonly used quantitative and qualitative techniques are generally appropriate for studying linear dynamics of educational systems. However, it is proposed that computational modeling approaches, being extensively used for studying nonlinear characteristics of complex systems in other fields, can provide a methodological complement to quantitative and qualitative education research approaches. Two research case studies of this approach are discussed. We conclude with a consideration of how viewing education as a complex system using complex systems' conceptual and methodological tools can help advance education research and also inform policy.},
	annotation = {71 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13] ERIC Number: EJ1208868},
	author = {Jacobson, Michael J. and Levin, James A. and Kapur, Manu},
	doi = {10.3102/0013189X19826958},
	issn = {0013-189X},
	journal = {Educational Researcher},
	keywords = {Behavior,Computation,Educational Policy,Educational Research,Group Behavior,Qualitative Research,Research Methodology,Statistical Analysis,Systems Approach},
	langid = {english},
	month = mar,
	number = {2},
	pages = {112--119},
	publisher = {{SAGE Publications}},
	shorttitle = {Education as a {{Complex System}}},
	title = {Education as a {{Complex System}}: {{Conceptual}} and {{Methodological Implications}}},
	urldate = {2023-05-16},
	volume = {48},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X19826958}}

@article{jagerEnhancingRealismSimulation2017,
	abstract = {Using psychological theory in agent formalisations is relevant to capture behavioural phenomena in simulation models (Enhance Realism Of Simulation - EROS). Whereas the potential contribution of psychological theory is important, also a number of challenges and problems in doing so are discussed. Next examples of implementations of psychological theory are being presented, ranging from simple implementations (KISS) of rather isolated theories to extended models that integrate different theoretical perspectives. The role of social simulation in developing dynamic psychological theory and integrated social psychological modelling is discussed. We conclude with some fundamental limitations and challenges concerning the modelling of human needs, cognition and behaviour.},
	annotation = {37 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Jager, Wander},
	doi = {10.18564/jasss.3522},
	journal = {Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation},
	keywords = {Attitudes,Cognition,Needs,Norms,Psychology,Theory},
	langid = {english},
	number = {3},
	pages = {1--14},
	publisher = {{Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation}},
	shorttitle = {Enhancing the {{Realism}} of {{Simulation}} ({{EROS}})},
	title = {Enhancing the {{Realism}} of {{Simulation}} ({{EROS}}): {{On Implementing}} and {{Developing Psychological Theory}} in {{Social Simulation}}},
	urldate = {2023-05-09},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.3522}}

@article{jagerUniformityBipolarizationPluriformity2005,
	abstract = {This paper focuses at the dynamics of attitude change in large groups. A multi-agent computer simulation has been developed as a tool to study hypothesis we take to study these dynamics. A major extension in comparison to earlier models is that Social Judgment Theory is being formalized to incorporate processes of assimilation and contrast in persuasion processes. Results demonstrate that the attitude structure of agents determines the occurrence of assimilation and contrast effects, which in turn cause a group of agents to reach consensus, to bipolarize, or to develop a number of subgroups sharing the same position. Subsequent experiments demonstrate the robustness of these effects for a different formalization of the social network, and the susceptibility for population size.},
	annotation = {126 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Jager, Wander and Amblard, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric},
	doi = {10.1007/s10588-005-6282-2},
	issn = {1572-9346},
	journal = {Computational \& Mathematical Organization Theory},
	keywords = {agent based simulation,attitude dynamics,Social Judgment Theory},
	langid = {english},
	month = jan,
	number = {4},
	pages = {295--303},
	title = {Uniformity, {{Bipolarization}} and {{Pluriformity Captured}} as {{Generic Stylized Behavior}} with an {{Agent-Based Simulation Model}} of {{Attitude Change}}},
	urldate = {2023-05-09},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2005},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10588-005-6282-2}}

@article{jamesEcpPackageNonparametric2014,
	abstract = {There are many different ways in which change point analysis can be performed, from purely parametric methods to those that are distribution free. The ecp package is designed to perform multiple change point analysis while making as few assumptions as possible. While many other change point methods are applicable only for univariate data, this R package is suitable for both univariate and multivariate observations. Hierarchical estimation can be based upon either a divisive or agglomerative algorithm. Divisive estimation sequentially identifies change points via a bisection algorithm. The agglomerative algorithm estimates change point locations by determining an optimal segmentation. Both approaches are able to detect any type of distributional change within the data. This provides an advantage over many existing change point algorithms which are only able to detect changes within the marginal distributions.},
	annotation = {107 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {James, Nicholas A. and Matteson, David S.},
	doi = {10.18637/jss.v062.i07},
	issn = {1548-7660},
	journal = {Journal of Statistical Software},
	langid = {english},
	number = {7},
	shorttitle = {{\textbf{Ecp}}},
	title = {{\textbf{Ecp}} : {{An}} {{{\emph{R}}}} {{Package}} for {{Nonparametric Multiple Change Point Analysis}} of {{Multivariate Data}}},
	urldate = {2023-01-27},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2014},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v062.i07}}

@article{jansenEvidencePhaseTransition2001,
	author = {Jansen, Brenda R. J. and {van der Maas}, Han L. J.},
	doi = {10.1006/drev.2001.0530},
	issn = {0273-2297},
	journal = {Developmental Review},
	langid = {english},
	month = dec,
	number = {4},
	pages = {450--494},
	title = {Evidence for the {{Phase Transition}} from {{Rule I}} to {{Rule II}} on the {{Balance Scale Task}}},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2001},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1006/drev.2001.0530}}




@article{jedrzejewskiStatisticalPhysicsOpinion2019,
	abstract = {We present a short review based on the nonlinear q-voter model about problems and methods raised within statistical physics of opinion formation (SPOOF). We describe relations between models of opinion formation, developed by physicists, and theoretical models of social response, known in social psychology. We draw attention to issues that are interesting for social psychologists and physicists. We show examples of studies directly inspired by social psychology like: ``independence vs. anticonformity'' or ``personality vs. situation''. We summarize the results that have been already obtained and point out what else can be done, also with respect to other models in SPOOF. Finally, we demonstrate several analytical methods useful in SPOOF, such as the concept of effective force and potential, Landau's approach to phase transitions, or mean-field and pair approximations. R\'esum\'e Nous pr\'esentons une br\`eve revue bas\'ee sur le mod\`ele non lin\'eaire de l'\'electeur portant sur les probl\`emes et les m\'ethodes soulev\'es en physique statistique de la formation d'opinion (Statistical Physics of Opinion Formation ou \guillemotleft{} SPOOF \guillemotright ). Nous d\'ecrivons les relations entre les mod\`eles de formation de l'opinion, d\'evelopp\'es par les physiciens, et les mod\`eles th\'eoriques de r\'eponse sociale, connus en psychologie sociale. Nous attirons l'attention sur des questions int\'eressantes pour les psychologues sociaux et les physiciens. Nous montrons des exemples d'\'etudes directement inspir\'ees de la psychologie sociale comme : \guillemotleft{} ind\'ependance contre anticonformit\'e \guillemotright{} ou \guillemotleft{} personnalit\'e contre situation \guillemotright. Nous r\'esumons les r\'esultats d\'ej\`a obtenus et indiquons ce qui peut \^etre fait d'autre, \'egalement en ce qui concerne les autres mod\`eles du SPOOF. Enfin, nous d\'emontrons plusieurs m\'ethodes analytiques utiles dans le SPOOF, telles que le concept de force et de potentiel effectifs, l'approche de Landau des transitions de phase, ou les approximations de champ moyen et de paire.},
	annotation = {43 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {J{\k{e}}drzejewski, Arkadiusz and {Sznajd-Weron}, Katarzyna},
	doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2019.05.002},
	issn = {1631-0705},
	journal = {Comptes Rendus Physique},
	keywords = {Agent-based modeling,Dynamique de l'opinion,Influence sociale,Mod\`ele de l'\'electeur,Mod\`ele de Sznajd,Mod\'elisation bas\'ee sur l'agent,Opinion dynamics,Social influence,Sznajd model,Voter model},
	langid = {english},
	month = may,
	number = {4},
	pages = {244--261},
	shorttitle = {Statistical {{Physics Of Opinion Formation}}},
	title = {Statistical {{Physics Of Opinion Formation}}: {{Is}} It a {{SPOOF}}?},
	urldate = {2023-04-17},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crhy.2019.05.002}}

@article{johnsonModelingMultispeciesPredator2019,
	abstract = {Woodland caribou is a Threatened or Endangered subspecies across much of Canada. In many cases, these caribou are declining because of human-mediated predation in the form of apparent competition. Provincial and federal agencies have employed a number of conservation actions to arrest the decline, but insufficient time and limited replication make it difficult to test the efficacy of those activities. We built a three-species population model that served as a tool to integrate current knowledge, explore uncertainties, and assess activities focused on the recovery of caribou. We applied the model to interconnected populations of caribou, moose, and wolves at two locations in Canada (Chinchaga [British Columbia], Charlevoix [Qu\'ebec]) and explored the efficacy of conservation actions unique to each population: predator control, restoration of linear features, reduction of habitat for moose, supplementation, maternal pens, and predator exclosures. Results confirmed that caribou at these two locations faced different recovery challenges, dictated by specific population dynamics and threats. Wolf predation, enhanced by seismic lines and resource roads, was responsible for the decline of the simulated Chinchaga population. The most cost-effective recovery actions for that population were long-term lethal wolf control ({$\lambda$}1\textendash 50 = 1.014, \$25,665/caribou), a large-scale predator exclosure ({$\lambda$}1\textendash 50 = 1.015, \$170,767/caribou), and the aggressive restoration of linear features ({$\lambda$}1\textendash 50 = 1.002, \$531,675/caribou). In contrast, simulations suggested that calf predation by black bears, a fixed source of mortality in the model, limited the growth of the Charlevoix population. Assuming high survival of adult caribou and poor recruitment of juveniles, a maternal pen was the most effective action for the recovery of those caribou ({$\lambda$}1\textendash 50 = 1.004, \$148,473/caribou). Short-term population supplementation provided only a temporary increase in abundance ({$\lambda$}1\textendash 50 = 0.994, \$62,143/caribou). The model was limited by ecological and data uncertainties, but served as an effective platform for representing and testing our understanding of the complex interspecific interactions that underlie the recovery of woodland caribou.},
	annotation = {38 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Johnson, Chris J. and Mumma, Matthew A. and {St-Laurent}, Martin-Hugues},
	doi = {10.1002/ecs2.2622},
	issn = {2150-8925},
	journal = {Ecosphere},
	keywords = {adaptive management,Alces americanus,apparent competition,Canis lupus,population model,Rangifer tarandus},
	langid = {english},
	number = {3},
	pages = {e02622},
	shorttitle = {Modeling Multispecies Predator\textendash Prey Dynamics},
	title = {Modeling Multispecies Predator\textendash Prey Dynamics: Predicting the Outcomes of Conservation Actions for Woodland Caribou},
	urldate = {2023-02-21},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2622}}

@article{jonesBridgeCentralityNetwork2021,
	abstract = {Recently, researchers in clinical psychology have endeavored to create network models of the relationships between symptoms, both within and across mental disorders. Symptoms that connect two mental disorders are called "bridge symptoms." Unfortunately, no formal quantitative methods for identifying these bridge symptoms exist. Accordingly, we developed four network statistics to identify bridge symptoms: bridge strength, bridge betweenness, bridge closeness, and bridge expected influence. These statistics are nonspecific to the type of network estimated, making them potentially useful in individual-level psychometric networks, group-level psychometric networks, and networks outside the field of psychopathology such as social networks. We first tested the fidelity of our statistics in predicting bridge nodes in a series of simulations. Averaged across all conditions, the statistics achieved a sensitivity of 92.7\% and a specificity of 84.9\%. By simulating datasets of varying sample sizes, we tested the robustness of our statistics, confirming their suitability for network psychometrics. Furthermore, we simulated the contagion of one mental disorder to another, showing that deactivating bridge nodes prevents the spread of comorbidity (i.e., one disorder activating another). Eliminating nodes based on bridge statistics was more effective than eliminating nodes high on traditional centrality statistics in preventing comorbidity. Finally, we applied our algorithms to 18 group-level empirical comorbidity networks from published studies and discussed the implications of this analysis.},
	annotation = {279 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Jones, Payton J. and Ma, Ruofan and McNally, Richard J.},
	doi = {10.1080/00273171.2019.1614898},
	issn = {0027-3171},
	journal = {Multivariate Behavioral Research},
	keywords = {bridge nodes,comorbidity,Graph theory,network analysis,node centrality linear models,psychopathology},
	month = mar,
	number = {2},
	pages = {353--367},
	pmid = {31179765},
	publisher = {{Routledge}},
	shorttitle = {Bridge {{Centrality}}},
	title = {Bridge {{Centrality}}: {{A Network Approach}} to {{Understanding Comorbidity}}},
	urldate = {2023-03-24},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2019.1614898}}

@article{kalantariEmergencePhenomenaSelforganizing2020,
	abstract = {Context Today, we are facing the growing development of distributed systems which their vast scale has challenged their centralized management. Therefore, many researchers design these systems as self-organizing. After implementing self-organizing systems, new behaviors known as emergence form at a global level of the system.Objective The purpose of this paper is to study the concept of emergence in various natural and artificial systems, categorize research activities, identify research pathways of emergence in computer science, and shed light on future research directions.Method In this paper, for a systematic literature review, numerous articles regarding emergence phenomena in self-organizing systems are studied and investigated.Result Emergence is one of the issues that has attracted the attention of researchers these days. In this paper, concerning nine research questions, 180 research papers are studied. In addition to exploring definitions and features of emergence, a variety of research interests has been found, including studies on why and how to identify, measure, validate, predict, model, simulate, and control emergence.Conclusion This study shows that much research had been done not only in computer science but also in other sciences on emergence. In addition to a need to provide new methods, based on various technologies, for identifying, measuring, verifying, modeling, simulating, predicting, and controlling emergence in future research, there is a lack of work regarding many issues on emergence.},
	annotation = {10 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Kalantari, Somayeh and Nazemi, Eslam and Masoumi, Behrooz},
	doi = {10.1080/10919392.2020.1748977},
	issn = {1091-9392},
	journal = {Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce},
	keywords = {Emergence,emergent behavior,emergent structure,self-organizing systems,systematic literature review},
	month = jul,
	number = {3},
	pages = {224--265},
	publisher = {{Taylor \& Francis}},
	shorttitle = {Emergence Phenomena in Self-Organizing Systems},
	title = {Emergence Phenomena in Self-Organizing Systems: A Systematic Literature Review of Concepts, Researches, and Future Prospects},
	urldate = {2023-02-16},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10919392.2020.1748977}}

@article{karauSocialLoafingMetaanalytic1993,
	abstract = {Social loafing is the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually. A meta-analysis of 78 studies demonstrates that social loafing is robust and generalizes across tasks and S populations. A large number of variables were found to moderate social loafing. Evaluation potential, expectations of co-worker performance, task meaningfulness, and culture had especially strong influence. These findings are interpreted in the light of a collective effort model that integrates elements of expectancy-value, social identity, and self-validation theories. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {1195 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Karau, Steven J. and Williams, Kipling D.},
	doi = {10.1037/0022-3514.65.4.681},
	issn = {1939-1315},
	journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
	keywords = {Collective Behavior,Meta Analysis,Models,Social Loafing},
	pages = {681--706},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	shorttitle = {Social Loafing},
	title = {Social Loafing: {{A}} Meta-Analytic Review and Theoretical Integration},
	volume = {65},
	year = {1993},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.4.681}}

@book{kauffmanOriginsOrderSelfOrganization1993,
	abstract = {Stuart Kauffman here presents a brilliant new paradigm for evolutionary biology, one that extends the basic concepts of Darwinian evolution to accommodate recent findings and perspectives from the fields of biology, physics, chemistry and mathematics. The book drives to the heart of the exciting debate on the origins of life and maintenance of order in complex biological systems. It focuses on the concept of self-organization: the spontaneous emergence of order that is widely observed throughout nature Kauffman argues that self-organization plays an important role in the Darwinian process of natural selection. Yet until now no systematic effort has been made to incorporate the concept of self-organization into evolutionary theory. The construction requirements which permit complex systems to adapt are poorly understood, as is the extent to which selection itself can yield systems able to adapt more successfully. This book explores these themes. It shows how complex systems,contrary to expectations, can spontaneously exhibit stunning degrees of order, and how this order, in turn, is essential for understanding the emergence and development of life on Earth. Topics include the new biotechnology of applied molecular evolution, with its important implications for developing new drugs and vaccines; the balance between order and chaos observed in many naturally occurring systems; new insights concerning the predictive power of statistical mechanics in biology; and other major issues. Indeed, the approaches investigated here may prove to be the new center around which biological science itself will evolve. The work is written for all those interested in the cutting edge of research in the life sciences.},
	address = {{New York}},
	author = {Kauffman, Stuart A.},
	edition = {1st edition},
	isbn = {978-0-19-507951-7},
	langid = {english},
	month = jun,
	publisher = {{Oxford University Press}},
	shorttitle = {The {{Origins}} of {{Order}}},
	title = {The {{Origins}} of {{Order}}: {{Self-Organization}} and {{Selection}} in {{Evolution}}},
	year = {1993}}

@book{kelsoDynamicPatternsSelforganization1995,
	abstract = {In this book J. Kelso proposes a . . . general framework within which to connect brain, mind, and behavior.  Kelso's prescription for mental life breaks dramatically with the classical computational approach that is still the operative framework for many newer psychological and neurophysiological studies. His core thesis is that the creation and evolution of patterned behavior at all levels\textemdash from neurons to mind\textemdash is governed by the generic processes of self-organization. Both human brain and behavior are shown to exhibit features of pattern-forming dynamical systems, including multistability, abrupt phase transitions, crises, and intermittency.  "Dynamic Patterns" brings together different aspects of this approach to the study of human behavior, using simple experimental examples and illustrations to convey essential concepts, strategies, and methods, with a minimum of mathematics.  Kelso begins with a general account of dynamic pattern formation. He then takes up behavior, focusing initially on identifying pattern-forming instabilities in human sensorimotor coordination. Moving back and forth between theory and experiment, he establishes the notion that the same pattern-forming mechanisms apply regardless of the component parts involved (parts of the body, parts of the nervous system, parts of society) and the medium through which the parts are coupled. Finally, employing the latest techniques to observe spatiotemporal patterns of brain activity, Kelso shows that the human brain is fundamentally a pattern-forming dynamical system, poised on the brink of instability. Self-organization thus underlies the cooperative action of neurons that produces human behavior in all its forms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{Cambridge, MA, US}},
	author = {Kelso, J. A. S.},
	isbn = {978-0-262-11200-0 978-0-262-61131-2},
	keywords = {Behavior,Brain,Mind},
	pages = {xvii, 334},
	publisher = {{The MIT Press}},
	series = {Dynamic Patterns: {{The}} Self-Organization of Brain and Behavior},
	shorttitle = {Dynamic Patterns},
	title = {Dynamic Patterns: {{The}} Self-Organization of Brain and Behavior},
	year = {1995}}

@article{kelsoHakenKelsoBunz2021,
	abstract = {This article presents a brief retrospective on the Haken\textendash Kelso\textendash Bunz (HKB) model of certain dynamical properties of human movement. Though unanticipated, HKB introduced, and demonstrated the power of, a new vocabulary for understanding behavior, cognition and the brain, revealed through a visually compelling mathematical picture that accommodated highly reproducible experimental facts and predicted new ones. HKB stands as a harbinger of paradigm change in several scientific fields, the effects of which are still being felt. In particular, HKB constitutes the foundation of a mechanistic science of coordination called Coordination Dynamics that extends from matter to movement to mind, and beyond.},
	annotation = {13 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Kelso, J. A. S.},
	doi = {10.1007/s00422-021-00890-w},
	issn = {1432-0770},
	journal = {Biological Cybernetics},
	keywords = {Behavior,Brain,Complementarity,Coordination Dynamics,Fluctuations,Functional information,HKB model,Intrinsic dynamics,Symmetry breaking},
	langid = {english},
	month = aug,
	number = {4},
	pages = {305--322},
	shorttitle = {The {{Haken}}\textendash{{Kelso}}\textendash{{Bunz}} ({{HKB}}) Model},
	title = {The {{Haken}}\textendash{{Kelso}}\textendash{{Bunz}} ({{HKB}}) Model: From Matter to Movement to Mind},
	urldate = {2023-02-13},
	volume = {115},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-021-00890-w}}

@article{kelsoNonequilibriumPhaseTransitions1986,
	abstract = {We report the results of experiments on biological motion demonstrating the presence of critical order parameter fluctuations as the system evolves from one coordinated state to another at a critical control parameter value. This is a key feature of nonequilibrium phase transitions.},
	annotation = {330 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Kelso, J. A. S. and Scholz, J. P. and Sch{\"o}ner, G.},
	doi = {10.1016/0375-9601(86)90359-2},
	issn = {0375-9601},
	journal = {Physics Letters A},
	langid = {english},
	month = oct,
	number = {6},
	pages = {279--284},
	shorttitle = {Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions in Coordinated Biological Motion},
	title = {Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions in Coordinated Biological Motion: Critical Fluctuations},
	urldate = {2023-02-13},
	volume = {118},
	year = {1986},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(86)90359-2}}

@article{kelsoSelforganizationCoordinativeMovement1988,
	abstract = {We present a strictly operational approach \textemdash{} in which theoretical tools and experimental data are developed together \textemdash{} to the problem of understanding the coordination of movement patterns. The empirical aspects are guided by synergetics, a theory of spontaneous pattern formation in open systems. Following an outline of our theoretical strategy, recent experimental results are reviewed that demonstrate the validity of the approach. From these studies, it is possible to establish the linkage between order-order transitions in movement behavior and other nonequilibrium phase transitions in nature. Behavioral patterns (corresponding to low-dimensional attractors for collective variables) and their dynamics are shown to arise in a purely self-organized fashion from cooperative coupling among individual components. This step has been implemented analytically and computationally. The insights gained from the present research allow a generalization in the form of seven theoretical propositions that aim at characterizing pattern formation, stability and change in complex, biological systems. In turn, a number of new research directions emerge, including studies of the collective dynamics of the environment-movement system, learning, and multiple-limb coordination.},
	annotation = {242 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Kelso, J. A. S. and Sch{\"o}ner, G.},
	doi = {10.1016/0167-9457(88)90003-6},
	issn = {0167-9457},
	journal = {Human Movement Science},
	langid = {english},
	month = apr,
	number = {1},
	pages = {27--46},
	title = {Self-Organization of Coordinative Movement Patterns},
	urldate = {2023-02-12},
	volume = {7},
	year = {1988},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-9457(88)90003-6}}

@article{kimEmergenceCoreIdeas2006,
	abstract = {This paper explores the fundamental ideas that have motivated the idea of emergence and the movement of emergentism. The concept of reduction, which lies at the heart of the emergence idea is explicated, and it is shown how the thesis that emergent properties are irreducible gives a unified account of emergence. The paper goes on to discuss two fundamental unresolved issues for emergentism. The first is that of giving a ``positive'' characterization of emergence; the second is to give a coherent explanation of how ``downward'' causation, a central component of emergentism, is able to avoid the problem of overdetermination.},
	annotation = {165 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Kim, Jaegwon},
	doi = {10.1007/s11229-006-9025-0},
	issn = {1573-0964},
	journal = {Synthese},
	keywords = {Downward causation,Emergence,Emergentism,Reduction,Supervenience},
	langid = {english},
	month = aug,
	number = {3},
	pages = {547--559},
	shorttitle = {Emergence},
	title = {Emergence: {{Core}} Ideas and Issues},
	urldate = {2023-05-26},
	volume = {151},
	year = {2006},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-006-9025-0}}

@article{klinkenbergComputerAdaptivePractice2011,
	author = {Klinkenberg, S. and Straatemeier, M and {van der Maas}, Han L. J.},
	journal = {computers \& education},
	pages = {1813--1824},
	title = {Computer Adaptive Practice of {{Maths}} Ability Using a New Item Response Model for on the Fly Ability and Difficulty Estimation},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2011}}

@article{knyspelComparingFactorNetwork2024,
  title = {Comparing Factor and Network Models of Cognitive Abilities Using Twin Data},
  author = {Knyspel, Jacob and Plomin, Robert},
  year = {2024},
  month = may,
  journal = {Intelligence},
  volume = {104},
  pages = {101833},
  issn = {0160-2896},
  doi = {10.1016/j.intell.2024.101833},
  urldate = {2024-05-20},
  abstract = {Network models have become a popular alternative to factor models for analysing the phenotypic relationships among cognitive abilities. Studies have begun to compare these models directly to one another using cognitive ability data, although such a comparison has so far not extended to genetics. Our aim with this study was therefore to compare factor and network models of cognitive abilities first at a phenotypic level and then at a genetic level. We analyzed data from the Twins Early Development Study that were collected using 14 cognitive ability measures from 11,290 twins in the UK aged 12~years old. We conducted phenotypic and genetic analyses in which numerous factor and network models were tested, including a novel network twin model. Factor and network models both provided useful representations of the phenotypic and genetic relationships among cognitive abilities. Surprisingly, several relationships among cognitive abilities within the genetic networks were negative, which suggests that these cognitive abilities might share some genetic variants with inverse effects, although more research is currently needed to confirm this. Implications for future genomic research are discussed.},
  keywords = {Cognitive ability,Factor analysis,Genetics,Intelligence,Network analysis,Twin study}
}

@article{kossakowskiSearchCausalityComparison2021,
	abstract = {Estimating causal relations between two or more variables is an important topic in psychology. Establishing a causal relation between two variables can help us in answering that question of why something happens. However, using solely observational data are insufficient to get the complete causal picture. The combination of observational and experimental data may give adequate information to properly estimate causal relations. In this study, we consider the conditions where estimating causal relations might work and we show how well different algorithms, namely the Peter and Clark algorithm, the Downward Ranking of Feed-Forward Loops algorithm, the Transitive Reduction for Weighted Signed Digraphs algorithm, the Invariant Causal Prediction (ICP) algorithm and the Hidden Invariant Causal Prediction (HICP) algorithm, determine causal relations in a simulation study. Results showed that the ICP and the HICP algorithms perform best in most simulation conditions. We also apply every algorithm to an empirical example to show the similarities and differences between the algorithms. We believe that the combination of the ICP and the HICP algorithm may be suitable to be used in future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {4 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Kossakowski, Jolanda J. and Waldorp, Lourens J. and {van der Maas}, Han L. J.},
	doi = {10.1037/met0000390},
	issn = {1939-1463},
	journal = {Psychological Methods},
	keywords = {Algorithms,Causality,Experimental Design,Inference,Observation Methods,Prediction,Simulation},
	pages = {719--742},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	shorttitle = {The Search for Causality},
	title = {The Search for Causality: {{A}} Comparison of Different Techniques for Causal Inference Graphs},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000390}}

@article{kosterlitzCriticalPropertiesTwodimensional1974,
	abstract = {The critical properties of the xy model with nearest-neighbour interactions on a two-dimensional square lattice are studied by a renormalization group technique. The mean magnetization is zero for all temperatures, and the transition is from a state of finite to one of infinite susceptibility. The correlation length is found to diverge faster than any power of the deviation from the critical temperature. Analogues of the strong scaling laws are derived and the critical exponents, eta , and delta , are the same as for the two-dimensional Ising model.},
	annotation = {2410 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Kosterlitz, J. M.},
	doi = {10.1088/0022-3719/7/6/005},
	issn = {0022-3719},
	journal = {Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics},
	langid = {english},
	month = mar,
	number = {6},
	pages = {1046},
	title = {The Critical Properties of the Two-Dimensional Xy Model},
	urldate = {2023-05-05},
	volume = {7},
	year = {1974},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3719/7/6/005}}

@article{krakauerSymmetrySimplicityBroken2023,
	abstract = {Complex phenomena are made possible when: (i) fundamental physical symmetries are broken and (ii) from the set of broken symmetries historically selected ground states are applied to performing mechanical work and storing adaptive information. Over the course of several decades Philip Anderson enumerated several key principles that can follow from broken symmetry in complex systems. These include emergence, frustrated random functions, autonomy and generalized rigidity. I describe these as the four Anderson Principles all of which are preconditions for the emergence of evolved function. I summarize these ideas and discuss briefly recent extensions that engage with the related concept of functional symmetry breaking, inclusive of information, computation and causality.},
	annotation = {1 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Krakauer, David C.},
	doi = {10.1098/rsfs.2022.0075},
	journal = {Interface Focus},
	keywords = {broken symmetry,causality,complexity,computation,information,symmetry},
	month = apr,
	number = {3},
	pages = {20220075},
	publisher = {{Royal Society}},
	title = {Symmetry\textendash Simplicity, Broken Symmetry\textendash Complexity},
	urldate = {2023-05-16},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2023},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2022.0075}}

@article{kreitlerHorizontalDecalageProblem1989,
	abstract = {Horizontal decalage signifies inconsistent performance in problems requiring the same cognitive process(es). It constitutes a major problem for the Piagetian theory of cognitive development. Piaget argued it is unpredictable. The purpose of this research was to investigate the cognitive determinants of horizontal decalage, focusing on the role of contents. The paper reports four studies based on applying the system of meaning (Kreitler \& Kreitler) to horizontal decalage in conservation. Study 1 (630 first graders, 42 conservation problems) showed that difficulty of conservation problems corresponded to the distance between content aspects in the problems. Study 2 (360 first graders, 12 conservation problems) showed that differences in the performance level in different content domains reflected differences in the children's mastery of these content domains. Study 3 (160 first graders, 36 conservation problems, and the Meaning Questionnaire) identified a set of cognitive processes involved in conservation, and showed that high scorers on these processes solved problems of all degrees of difficulty better than did low scorers. Study 4 (210 first graders, 18 conservation problems, and the Meaning Questionnaire) showed that the mastery of the content domain and the cognitive processes accounted for most of the variance. Main conclusions are that horizontal decalage is a predictable phenomenon determined by the difficulty and content domain, affected by the subject's mastery of the cognitive processes involved in conservation and the relevant content domain, respectively.},
	annotation = {14 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Kreitler, Shulamith and Kreitler, Hans},
	doi = {10.1016/0885-2014(89)90006-3},
	issn = {0885-2014},
	journal = {Cognitive Development},
	langid = {english},
	month = jan,
	number = {1},
	pages = {89--119},
	shorttitle = {Horizontal Decalage},
	title = {Horizontal Decalage: {{A}} Problem and Its Solution},
	urldate = {2023-01-21},
	volume = {4},
	year = {1989},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0885-2014(89)90006-3}}

@book{kruseAmbiguityMindNature2012,
	abstract = {Ambiguity in Mind and Nature is the result of cognitive multistability, the phenomenon in which an unchanging stimulus, usually visual, gives rise in the subject to an oscillating perceptual interpretation. The vase/face picture is one of the most famous examples. In this book scientists from many disciplines including physics, biology, psychology, maths and computer science, present recent progress in this fascinating area of cognitive science. Using the phenomenon of multistability as a paradigm they seek to understand how meaning originates in the brain as a consequence of cognitive processes. New advances are achieved by applying concepts such as self-organization, chaos theory and complex systems to the latest results of psychological and neurophysical experiments.},
	author = {Kruse, Peter and Stadler, Michael},
	googlebooks = {UH7qCAAAQBAJ},
	isbn = {978-3-642-78411-8},
	keywords = {Computers / Artificial Intelligence / General,Science / Life Sciences / Biophysics,Science / Physics / Mathematical \& Computational},
	langid = {english},
	month = dec,
	publisher = {{Springer Science \& Business Media}},
	shorttitle = {Ambiguity in {{Mind}} and {{Nature}}},
	title = {Ambiguity in {{Mind}} and {{Nature}}: {{Multistable Cognitive Phenomena}}},
	year = {2012}}

@article{kumarSemanticMemoryReview2021,
	abstract = {Adult semantic memory has been traditionally conceptualized as a relatively static memory system that consists of knowledge about the world, concepts, and symbols. Considerable work in the past few decades has challenged this static view of semantic memory, and instead proposed a more fluid and flexible system that is sensitive to context, task demands, and perceptual and sensorimotor information from the environment. This paper (1) reviews traditional and modern computational models of semantic memory, within the umbrella of network (free association-based), feature (property generation norms-based), and distributional semantic (natural language corpora-based) models, (2) discusses the contribution of these models to important debates in the literature regarding knowledge representation (localist vs. distributed representations) and learning (error-free/Hebbian learning vs. error-driven/predictive learning), and (3) evaluates how modern computational models (neural network, retrieval-based, and topic models) are revisiting the traditional ``static'' conceptualization of semantic memory and tackling important challenges in semantic modeling such as addressing temporal, contextual, and attentional influences, as well as incorporating grounding and compositionality into semantic representations. The review also identifies new challenges regarding the abundance and availability of data, the generalization of semantic models to other languages, and the role of social interaction and collaboration in language learning and development. The concluding section advocates the need for integrating representational accounts of semantic memory with process-based accounts of cognitive behavior, as well as the need for explicit comparisons of computational models to human baselines in semantic tasks to adequately assess their psychological plausibility as models of human semantic memory.},
	annotation = {67 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Kumar, Abhilasha A.},
	doi = {10.3758/s13423-020-01792-x},
	issn = {1531-5320},
	journal = {Psychonomic Bulletin \& Review},
	keywords = {Distributional semantic models,Language models,Neural networks,Semantic memory,Semantic networks},
	langid = {english},
	month = feb,
	number = {1},
	pages = {40--80},
	shorttitle = {Semantic Memory},
	title = {Semantic Memory: {{A}} Review of Methods, Models, and Current Challenges},
	urldate = {2023-03-31},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-020-01792-x}}

@incollection{kuramotoChemicalTurbulence1984,
	abstract = {Reaction-diffusion systems are expected to show spatio-temporal chaos in various circumstances. A few specific cases will be discussed. They include the turbulization of uniform oscillations, of propagating wave fronts and of rotating spiral waves.},
	address = {{Berlin, Heidelberg}},
	author = {Kuramoto, Yoshiki},
	booktitle = {Chemical {{Oscillations}}, {{Waves}}, and {{Turbulence}}},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-69689-3_7},
	editor = {Kuramoto, Yoshiki},
	isbn = {978-3-642-69689-3},
	keywords = {Diffusion Instability,Homoclinic Orbit,Hopf Bifurcation Point,Phase Instability,Spiral Wave},
	langid = {english},
	pages = {111--140},
	publisher = {{Springer}},
	series = {Springer {{Series}} in {{Synergetics}}},
	title = {Chemical {{Turbulence}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-13},
	year = {1984},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69689-3_7}}

@article{ladymanWhatComplexSystem2013,
	abstract = {Complex systems research is becoming ever more important in both the natural and social sciences. It is commonly implied that there is such a thing as a complex system, different examples of which are studied across many disciplines. However, there is no concise definition of a complex system, let alone a definition on which all scientists agree. We review various attempts to characterize a complex system, and consider a core set of features that are widely associated with complex systems in the literature and by those in the field. We argue that some of these features are neither necessary nor sufficient for complexity, and that some of them are too vague or confused to be of any analytical use. In order to bring mathematical rigour to the issue we then review some standard measures of complexity from the scientific literature, and offer a taxonomy for them, before arguing that the one that best captures the qualitative notion of the order produced by complex systems is that of the Statistical Complexity. Finally, we offer our own list of necessary conditions as a characterization of complexity. These conditions are qualitative and may not be jointly sufficient for complexity. We close with some suggestions for future work.},
	annotation = {358 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Ladyman, James and Lambert, James and Wiesner, Karoline},
	doi = {10.1007/s13194-012-0056-8},
	issn = {1879-4920},
	journal = {European Journal for Philosophy of Science},
	keywords = {Complex system,Complexity,Information,Statistical complexity},
	langid = {english},
	month = jan,
	number = {1},
	pages = {33--67},
	title = {What Is a Complex System?},
	urldate = {2023-01-05},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-012-0056-8}}

@article{langeEmotionsOverlappingCausal2021,
	abstract = {A widespread perspective describes emotions as distinct categories bridged by fuzzy boundaries, indicating that emotions are distinct and dimensional at the same time. Theoretical and methodological approaches to this perspective still need further development. We conceptualize emotions as overlapping networks of causal relationships between emotion components?networks representing distinct emotions share components with and relate to each other. To investigate this conceptualization, we introduce network analysis to emotion research and apply it to the reanalysis of a data set on multiple positive emotions. Specifically, we describe the estimation of networks from data, and the detection of overlapping communities of nodes in these networks. The network perspective has implications for the understanding of distinct emotions, their co-occurrence, and their measurement.},
	annotation = {8 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Lange, Jens and Zickfeld, Janis H.},
	doi = {10.1177/1754073920988787},
	issn = {1754-0739},
	journal = {Emotion Review},
	month = apr,
	number = {2},
	pages = {157--167},
	publisher = {{SAGE Publications}},
	shorttitle = {Emotions as {{Overlapping Causal Networks}} of {{Emotion Components}}},
	title = {Emotions as {{Overlapping Causal Networks}} of {{Emotion Components}}: {{Implications}} and {{Methodological Approaches}}},
	urldate = {2023-03-26},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073920988787}}

@article{langtonComputationEdgeChaos1990,
	abstract = {In order for computation to emerge spontaneously and become an important factor in the dynamics of a system, the material substrate must support the primitive functions required for computation: the transmission, storage, and modification of information. Under what conditions might we expect physical systems to support such computational primitives? This paper presents research on cellular automata which suggests that the optimal conditions for the support of information transmission, storage, and modification, are achieved in the vicinity of a phase transition. We observe surprising similarities between the behaviors of computations and systems near phase transitions, finding analogs of computational complexity classes and the halting problem within the phenomenology of phase transitions. We conclude that there is a fundamental connection between computation and phase transitions, especially second-order or ``critical'' transitions, and discuss some of the implications for our understanding of nature if such a connection is borne out.},
	annotation = {917 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Langton, Chris G.},
	doi = {10.1016/0167-2789(90)90064-V},
	issn = {0167-2789},
	journal = {Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena},
	langid = {english},
	month = jun,
	number = {1},
	pages = {12--37},
	shorttitle = {Computation at the Edge of Chaos},
	title = {Computation at the Edge of Chaos: {{Phase}} Transitions and Emergent Computation},
	urldate = {2023-02-18},
	volume = {42},
	year = {1990},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2789(90)90064-V}}

@incollection{lataneAttitudesCatastrophesDimensions1994,
	abstract = {discuss how attitudes are determined by both individual and group level processes / distinguish two conceptions of attitudes: the traditional view that they represent points on a dimension and a more modern view that they act like categories / suggest that these views can be linked in terms of catastrophe theory, with involvement as a "splitting" factor / present evidence consistent with this description showing that distributions of attitudes increase in variance and become bimodal with increasing strength of feeling or judged importance / discuss internal and external mechanisms leading attitudes to change their character with increasing involvement / discuss implications of the catastrophe model for predicting when social interaction will lead to consensus and when it will lead to spatial clustering and polarization / suggest that we may soon have the tools for understanding the dynamics of public opinion and the emergence of something like a group mind (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{San Diego, CA, US}},
	author = {Latan{\'e}, Bibb and Nowak, Andrzej},
	booktitle = {Dynamical Systems in Social Psychology},
	isbn = {978-0-12-709990-3},
	keywords = {Attitude Change,Social Cognition,Social Interaction,Systems Theory},
	pages = {219--249},
	publisher = {{Academic Press}},
	shorttitle = {Attitudes as Catastrophes},
	title = {Attitudes as Catastrophes: {{From}} Dimensions to Categories with Increasing Involvement},
	year = {1994}}

@article{latanePsychologySocialImpact1981,
	abstract = {Proposes a theory of social impact specifying the effect of other persons on an individual. According to the theory, when other people are the source of impact and the individual is the target, impact should be a multiplicative function of the strength, immediacy, and number of other people. Furthermore, impact should take the form of a power function, with the marginal effect of the Nth other person being less than that of the (N\textendash 2)th. When other people stand with the individual as the target of forces from outside the group, impact should be divided such that the resultant is an inverse power function of the strength, immediacy, and number of persons standing together. The author reviews relevant evidence from research on conformity and imitation, stage fright and embarrassment, news interest, bystander intervention, tipping, inquiring for Christ, productivity in groups, and crowding in rats. (27 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {1574 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Latan{\'e}, Bibb},
	doi = {10.1037/0003-066X.36.4.343},
	issn = {1935-990X},
	journal = {American Psychologist},
	keywords = {Interpersonal Influences,Theories},
	pages = {343--356},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	title = {The Psychology of Social Impact},
	volume = {36},
	year = {1981},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.36.4.343}}

@article{leemputCriticalSlowingEarly2014,
	author = {Leemput, van de Ingrid A. and Wichers, Marieke and Cramer, Ang{\'e}lique O. J. and Borsboom, Denny and Tuerlinckx, Francis and Kuppens, Peter and Nes, van Egbert H. and Viechtbauer, Wolfgang and Giltay, Erik J. and Aggen, Steven H. and Derom, Catherine and Jacobs, Nele and Kendler, Kenneth S. and Maas, van der Han L. J. and Neale, Michael C. and Peeters, Frenk and Thiery, Evert and Zachar, Peter and Scheffer, Marten},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1312114110},
	issn = {0027-8424, 1091-6490},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	langid = {english},
	month = jan,
	number = {1},
	pages = {87--92},
	title = {Critical Slowing down as Early Warning for the Onset and Termination of Depression},
	volume = {111},
	year = {2014},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1312114110}}

@article{leggioTypologiesAlcoholDependence2009,
	abstract = {The goal of typology research is to identify subtypes of alcohol dependent (AD) patients sharing fundamental characteristics and try to match each subtype, with the most precise treatment strategy. This review provides a comprehensive history of the literature on alcohol dependent subtypes starting from the earliest attempt made by Jellinek. The binary models identified most closely with Cloninger and Babor as well as the successively more complex classifications are discussed. Typology classification potentially useful in guiding the treatment of AD patients, especially in the case of the serotonergic medications. Contrasting data suggests that other factors could influence the response to a medication and/or that more complex typologies should be identified. In summary, typology models may assist in the ascertainment criteria for clinical trials performed in behavioral and pharmacotherapeutic interventions. Greater emphasis, however, must be made to more clearly delineate this field of research, while moving toward more standardized typologies.},
	annotation = {122 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Leggio, Lorenzo and Kenna, George A. and Fenton, Miriam and Bonenfant, Erica and Swift, Robert M.},
	doi = {10.1007/s11065-008-9080-z},
	issn = {1573-6660},
	journal = {Neuropsychology Review},
	keywords = {Age of onset,Alcohol dependent subtypes,Anti-social personality,Family history of alcoholism,Pharmacotherapies,Serotonergic medications},
	langid = {english},
	month = mar,
	number = {1},
	pages = {115--129},
	title = {Typologies of {{Alcohol Dependence}}. {{From Jellinek}} to {{Genetics}} and {{Beyond}}},
	urldate = {2023-01-07},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2009},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-008-9080-z}}

@article{leiDetectingNonlinearityAction2001,
	abstract = {The action surface EMG (ASEMG) signal contains the electrical properties of limb muscle contraction that undergo many complex transitions in limb different movement states; however, because of the small data nature of this kind signal, it is not clear whether its essence is stochastic or deterministic nonlinear (even chaotic). In this Letter, we show for the first time that ASEMG has deterministic nonlinear character by using the surrogate data method. Furthermore, we study the nonlinear dynamic features of ASEMG by computing its correlation dimension and applying correlation dimension as test statistics. These results indicate that ASEMG is a high-dimension nonlinear signal (even chaotic). In addition, this Letter improves the surrogate data method based on Fourier transform (FT) algorithm to avoid limitations of the previous FT algorithm.},
	annotation = {55 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Lei, Min and Wang, Zhizhong and Feng, Zhengjin},
	doi = {10.1016/S0375-9601(01)00668-5},
	issn = {0375-9601},
	journal = {Physics Letters A},
	keywords = {Action surface EMG signal,Deterministic nonlinearity,Small time series,Surrogate data method},
	langid = {english},
	month = nov,
	number = {5},
	pages = {297--303},
	title = {Detecting Nonlinearity of Action Surface {{EMG}} Signal},
	urldate = {2023-02-10},
	volume = {290},
	year = {2001},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9601(01)00668-5}}

@incollection{lemkeComplexSystemsEducational2008,
	abstract = {This chapter contains sections titled: Studying the Complexity of Educational Change Developing a Conceptual Framework Lessons for Modeling from Real Cases A Philosophical Note Conclusions References},
	author = {Lemke, Jay L. and Sabelli, Nora H.},
	booktitle = {Complexity {{Theory}} and the {{Philosophy}} of {{Education}}},
	chapter = {8},
	doi = {10.1002/9781444307351.ch8},
	isbn = {978-1-4443-0735-1},
	keywords = {complex systems and educational change,complex systems and educational change - towards a new research agenda,defining the system,developing conceptual framework,drivers for change,lessons for modeling from real cases,modeling methods,relationships among subsystems and levels,structural analysis,sustainability - match between stakeholders' expectations and ability to provide demonstrations of timely effects},
	langid = {english},
	pages = {112--123},
	publisher = {{John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd}},
	shorttitle = {Complex {{Systems}} and {{Educational Change}}},
	title = {Complex {{Systems}} and {{Educational Change}}: {{Towards}} a {{New Research Agenda}}},
	urldate = {2023-05-16},
	year = {2008},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444307351.ch8}}

@article{lewensteinStatisticalMechanicsSocial1992,
	abstract = {We discuss the mean-field theory for a class of probabilistic cellular automata that can describe the dynamics of social impact. The models exhibit complex intermittent behavior.},
	annotation = {152 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Lewenstein, Maciej and Nowak, Andrzej and Latan{\'e}, Bibb},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.45.763},
	journal = {Physical Review A},
	month = jan,
	number = {2},
	pages = {763--776},
	publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
	title = {Statistical Mechanics of Social Impact},
	urldate = {2023-04-17},
	volume = {45},
	year = {1992},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.45.763}}

@article{liOpinionDynamicsModel2020,
	abstract = {In opinion dynamics, some agents may exhibit the cognitive dissonance behaviors owing to the contradictory belief, attitudes and opinions that they might confront with. This may greatly influence the evolutions of opinions and connections. To this end, this paper proposes an opinion dynamics model based on the cognitive dissonance (ODCD). In the ODCD model, with the consideration of bounded confidence effects, the methods for updating the opinions and network of agents are provided, respectively. Then, we design the simulation experiments with different initial opinion distributions to investigate the influences of bounded confidences and initial connection probabilities. Finally, we conduct a comparison analysis on the opinion dynamics with different initial opinion distributions.},
	annotation = {33 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Li, Ke and Liang, Haiming and Kou, Gang and Dong, Yucheng},
	doi = {10.1016/j.inffus.2019.09.006},
	issn = {1566-2535},
	journal = {Information Fusion},
	keywords = {Bounded confidence,Cognitive dissonance,Connection,Initial opinion distributions,Opinion dynamics},
	langid = {english},
	month = apr,
	pages = {1--14},
	shorttitle = {Opinion Dynamics Model Based on the Cognitive Dissonance},
	title = {Opinion Dynamics Model Based on the Cognitive Dissonance: {{An}} Agent-Based Simulation},
	urldate = {2023-04-23},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2019.09.006}}

@article{loehleCatastropheTheoryEcology1989,
	abstract = {Catastrophe theory is no longer new but it remains controversial. Controversy arises not out of the mathematical foundations of the theory nor from applications in the hard sciences, but principally when it is applied to the social and biological sciences. In this paper, the validity and usefulness of catastrophe theory applications in ecology will be explored, expanding on an early review by Kempf. No other current survey and evaluation of catastrophe theory in ecology exists. A new application of catastrophe theory will then be presented to serve as an example of using the technique. Results include the first butterfly catastrophe seen in ecology and some surprising twists on the paradox of enrichment. This example is accompanied by computer code for plotting the manifold and bifurcation set and performing sensitivity analysis. This code is in protable Fortran and is easily modifiable for a variety of problems. It is concluded that catastrophe theory is a useful qualitative tool, but that some care must be exercised in its use.},
	annotation = {41 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Loehle, Craig},
	doi = {10.1016/0304-3800(89)90047-1},
	issn = {0304-3800},
	journal = {Ecological Modelling},
	langid = {english},
	month = dec,
	number = {1},
	pages = {125--152},
	shorttitle = {Catastrophe Theory in Ecology},
	title = {Catastrophe Theory in Ecology: A Critical Review and an Example of the Butterfly Catastrophe},
	urldate = {2023-05-31},
	volume = {49},
	year = {1989},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(89)90047-1}}

@article{lorenzDeterministicNonperiodicFlow1963,
  title = {Deterministic {{Nonperiodic Flow}}},
  author = {Lorenz, Edward N.},
  year = {1963},
  month = mar,
  journal = {Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences},
  volume = {20},
  number = {2},
  pages = {130--141},
  publisher = {American Meteorological Society},
  issn = {0022-4928, 1520-0469},
  doi = {10.1175/1520-0469(1963)020<0130:DNF>2.0.CO;2},
  urldate = {2024-05-09},
  abstract = {Abstract Finite systems of deterministic ordinary nonlinear differential equations may be designed to represent forced dissipative hydrodynamic flow. Solutions of these equations can be identified with trajectories in phase space. For those systems with bounded solutions, it is found that nonperiodic solutions are ordinarily unstable with respect to small modifications, so that slightly differing initial states can evolve into considerably different states. Systems with bounded solutions are shown to possess bounded numerical solutions. A simple system representing cellular convection is solved numerically. All of the solutions are found to be unstable, and almost all of them are nonperiodic. The feasibility of very-long-range weather prediction is examined in the light of these results.},
  chapter = {Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences},
  langid = {english}
}


@article{lorenzContinuousOpinionDynamics2007,
	abstract = {Models of continuous opinion dynamics under bounded confidence have been presented independently by Krause and Hegselmann and by Deffuant et al. in 2000. They have raised a fair amount of attention in the communities of social simulation, sociophysics and complexity science. The researchers working on it come from disciplines such as physics, mathematics, computer science, social psychology and philosophy. In these models agents hold continuous opinions which they can gradually adjust if they hear the opinions of others. The idea of bounded confidence is that agents only interact if they are close in opinion to each other. Usually, the models are analyzed with agent-based simulations in a Monte Carlo style, but they can also be reformulated on the agent's density in the opinion space in a master equation style. The contribution of this survey is fourfold. First, it will present the agent-based and density-based modeling frameworks including the cases of multidimensional opinions and heterogeneous bounds of confidence. Second, it will give the bifurcation diagrams of cluster configuration in the homogeneous model with uniformly distributed initial opinions. Third, it will review the several extensions and the evolving phenomena which have been studied so far, and fourth it will state some open questions.},
	annotation = {419 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Lorenz, Jan},
	doi = {10.1142/S0129183107011789},
	issn = {0129-1831},
	journal = {International Journal of Modern Physics C},
	keywords = {bifurcation patterns,cluster formation,continuous opinions,Opinion dynamics},
	month = dec,
	number = {12},
	pages = {1819--1838},
	publisher = {{World Scientific Publishing Co.}},
	shorttitle = {Continuous Opinion Dynamics under Bounded Confidence},
	title = {Continuous Opinion Dynamics under Bounded Confidence: A Survey},
	urldate = {2023-04-23},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2007},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129183107011789}}

@article{loveJASPGraphicalStatistical2019,
	abstract = {This paper introduces JASP, a free graphical software package for basic statistical procedures such as t tests, ANOVAs, linear regression models, and analyses of contingency tables. JASP is open-source and differentiates itself from existing open-source solutions in two ways. First, JASP provides several innovations in user interface design; specifically, results are provided immediately as the user makes changes to options, output is attractive, minimalist, and designed around the principle of progressive disclosure, and analyses can be peer reviewed without requiring a "syntax". Second, JASP provides some of the recent developments in Bayesian hypothesis testing and Bayesian parameter estimation. The ease with which these relatively complex Bayesian techniques are available in JASP encourages their broader adoption and furthers a more inclusive statistical reporting practice. The JASP analyses are implemented in R and a series of R packages.},
	annotation = {286 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Love, Jonathon and Selker, Ravi and Marsman, Maarten and Jamil, Tahira and Dropmann, Damian and Verhagen, Josine and Ly, Alexander and Gronau, Quentin F. and {\v S}m{\'\i}ra, Martin and Epskamp, Sacha and Matzke, Dora and Wild, Anneliese and Knight, Patrick and Rouder, Jeffrey N. and Morey, Richard D. and Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan},
	copyright = {Copyright (c) 2019 Jonathon Love, Ravi Selker, Maarten Marsman, Tahira Jamil, Damian Dropmann, Josine Verhagen, Alexander Ly, Quentin F. Gronau, Martin \v{S}m\'ira, Sacha Epskamp, Dora Matzke, Anneliese Wild, Patrick Knight, Jeffrey N. Rouder, Richard D. Morey, Eric-Jan Wagenmakers},
	doi = {10.18637/jss.v088.i02},
	issn = {1548-7660},
	journal = {Journal of Statistical Software},
	keywords = {basic statistics,Bayesian inference,graphical user interface,JASP,statistical software},
	langid = {english},
	month = jan,
	pages = {1--17},
	shorttitle = {{{JASP}}},
	title = {{{JASP}}: {{Graphical Statistical Software}} for {{Common Statistical Designs}}},
	urldate = {2023-04-01},
	volume = {88},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v088.i02}}

@article{loweryBalancingActPerformance2021,
	abstract = {Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) and counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) are recognized as two primary dimensions of the job performance domain, each contributing to crucial individual and organizational outcomes. However, an incomplete understanding of the OCB-CWB interplay persists due to a predominant focus on their between-person interrelation and a lack of consistent empirical support for the few within-person OCB-CWB studies. Here we elucidate the dynamic OCB-CWB interplay by integrating moral licensing and moral cleansing theories to form an overarching framework that explains previous inconsistency in findings. Specifically, we argue that performing OCBs can lead individuals to perceive a license to perform subsequent CWBs, whereas performing CWBs can lead individuals to compensate for their undesirable behavior by performing OCBs. In a 10-day daily-diary survey, we utilize the cutting-edge technique of directed-graph psychometric network analysis to test our hypotheses. Results suggest that although there may be a negative or null OCB-CWB relationship due to individuals' general consistency in behavior, integrating moral licensing and cleansing can explain instances of positive relations wherein OCBs predict subsequent CWBs and vice versa. Our findings demonstrate distinct relations at the between- and within-person levels of this phenomenon, as well as individual differences in the specific behavioral patterning of the OCB-CWB interplay. Notably, the current findings constitute a contribution to both our theoretical understanding of the dynamic OCB-CWB interplay, an empirical test of two major theories of moral behavior applied to the workplace, and points to the practical potential of the psychometric network approach within research and practice.},
	annotation = {9 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Lowery, Megan R. and Clark, Malissa A. and Carter, Nathan T.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103527},
	issn = {0001-8791},
	journal = {Journal of Vocational Behavior},
	keywords = {Counterproductive behaviors,Network analysis,Organizational citizenship,Person-centric psychology,Within-person design},
	langid = {english},
	month = mar,
	pages = {103527},
	shorttitle = {The Balancing Act of Performance},
	title = {The Balancing Act of Performance: {{Psychometric}} Networks and the Causal Interplay of Organizational Citizenship and Counterproductive Work Behaviors},
	urldate = {2023-03-25},
	volume = {125},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103527}}




@article{lumsdenTestTheory1976,
	abstract = {Reviews the literature from 1904 to 1974, with more detailed attention to the period 1970-1974. A hypothetical new test is presented to illustrate and illuminate many of the problems of test theory. It is suggested that test theory has generated only a few major ideas and has been essentially a failure. A new kind of test theorist is advocated. (103 ref) (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {79 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Lumsden, James},
	doi = {10.1146/annurev.ps.27.020176.001343},
	issn = {1545-2085},
	journal = {Annual Review of Psychology},
	keywords = {Literature Review,Psychometrics,Test Validity,Testing,Theories},
	pages = {251--280},
	publisher = {{Annual Reviews}},
	title = {Test Theory},
	volume = {27},
	year = {1976},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.27.020176.001343}}

@article{lunanskyInterveningPsychopathologyNetworks2022,
	abstract = {Identifying the different influences of symptoms in dynamic psychopathology models may hold promise for increasing treatment efficacy in clinical applications. Dynamic psychopathology models study the behavioral patterns of symptom networks, where symptoms mutually enforce each other. Interventions could be tailored to specific symptoms that are most effective at lowering symptom activity or that hinder the further development of psychopathology. Simulating interventions in psychopathology network models fits in a novel tradition where symptom-specific perturbations are used as in silico interventions. Here, we present the NodeIdentifyR algorithm (NIRA) to identify the projected most efficient, symptom-specific intervention target in a network model (i.e., the Ising model). We implemented NIRA in a freely available R package. The technique studies the projected effects of symptom-specific interventions by simulating data while symptom parameters (i.e., thresholds) are systematically altered. The projected effect of these interventions is defined in terms of the expected change in overall symptom activity across simulations. With this algorithm, it is possible to study (1) whether symptoms differ in their projected influence on the behavior of the symptom network and, if so, (2) which symptom has the largest projected effect in lowering or increasing overall symptom activation. As an illustration, we apply the algorithm to an empirical dataset containing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptom assessments of participants who experienced the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. The most important limitations of the method are discussed, as well as recommendations for future research, such as shifting towards modeling individual processes to validate these types of simulation-based intervention methods.},
	annotation = {14 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Lunansky, Gabriela and Naberman, Jasper and {van Borkulo}, Claudia D. and Chen, Chen and Wang, Li and Borsboom, Denny},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.11.006},
	issn = {1046-2023},
	journal = {Methods},
	keywords = {Dynamic systems,Interventions,Network analysis,Psychopathology,Simulation study},
	langid = {english},
	month = aug,
	pages = {29--37},
	shorttitle = {Intervening on Psychopathology Networks},
	title = {Intervening on Psychopathology Networks: {{Evaluating}} Intervention Targets through Simulations},
	urldate = {2023-03-25},
	volume = {204},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.11.006}}

@article{luppiSynergisticCoreHuman2022,
	abstract = {How does the organization of neural information processing enable humans' sophisticated cognition? Here we decompose functional interactions between brain regions into synergistic and redundant components, revealing their distinct information-processing roles. Combining functional and structural neuroimaging with meta-analytic results, we demonstrate that redundant interactions are predominantly associated with structurally coupled, modular sensorimotor processing. Synergistic interactions instead support integrative processes and complex cognition across higher-order brain networks. The human brain leverages synergistic information to a greater extent than nonhuman primates, with high-synergy association cortices exhibiting the highest degree of evolutionary cortical expansion. Synaptic density mapping from positron emission tomography and convergent molecular and metabolic evidence demonstrate that synergistic interactions are supported by receptor diversity and human-accelerated genes underpinning synaptic function. This information-resolved approach provides analytic tools to disentangle information integration from coupling, enabling richer, more accurate interpretations of functional connectivity, and illuminating how the human neurocognitive architecture navigates the trade-off between robustness and integration.},
	annotation = {40 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Luppi, Andrea I. and Mediano, Pedro A. M. and Rosas, Fernando E. and Holland, Negin and Fryer, Tim D. and O'Brien, John T. and Rowe, James B. and Menon, David K. and Bor, Daniel and Stamatakis, Emmanuel A.},
	copyright = {2022 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.},
	doi = {10.1038/s41593-022-01070-0},
	issn = {1546-1726},
	journal = {Nature Neuroscience},
	keywords = {Cognitive control,Dynamical systems,Genetics of the nervous system,Network models},
	langid = {english},
	month = jun,
	number = {6},
	pages = {771--782},
	publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
	title = {A Synergistic Core for Human Brain Evolution and Cognition},
	urldate = {2023-02-11},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-022-01070-0}}

@article{lurieQuestionsControversiesStudy2020,
	abstract = {The brain is a complex, multiscale dynamical system composed of many interacting regions. Knowledge of the spatiotemporal organization of these interactions is critical for establishing a solid understanding of the brain's functional architecture and the relationship between neural dynamics and cognition in health and disease. The possibility of studying these dynamics through careful analysis of neuroimaging data has catalyzed substantial interest in methods that estimate time-resolved fluctuations in functional connectivity (often referred to as ``dynamic'' or time-varying functional connectivity; TVFC). At the same time, debates have emerged regarding the application of TVFC analyses to resting fMRI data, and about the statistical validity, physiological origins, and cognitive and behavioral relevance of resting TVFC. These and other unresolved issues complicate interpretation of resting TVFC findings and limit the insights that can be gained from this promising new research area. This article brings together scientists with a variety of perspectives on resting TVFC to review the current literature in light of these issues. We introduce core concepts, define key terms, summarize controversies and open questions, and present a forward-looking perspective on how resting TVFC analyses can be rigorously and productively applied to investigate a wide range of questions in cognitive and systems neuroscience.},
	annotation = {280 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Lurie, Daniel J. and Kessler, Daniel and Bassett, Danielle S. and Betzel, Richard F. and Breakspear, Michael and Kheilholz, Shella and Kucyi, Aaron and Li{\'e}geois, Rapha{\"e}l and Lindquist, Martin A. and McIntosh, Anthony Randal and Poldrack, Russell A. and Shine, James M. and Thompson, William Hedley and Bielczyk, Natalia Z. and Douw, Linda and Kraft, Dominik and Miller, Robyn L. and Muthuraman, Muthuraman and Pasquini, Lorenzo and Razi, Adeel and Vidaurre, Diego and Xie, Hua and Calhoun, Vince D.},
	doi = {10.1162/netn_a_00116},
	issn = {2472-1751},
	journal = {Network Neuroscience},
	month = feb,
	number = {1},
	pages = {30--69},
	title = {Questions and Controversies in the Study of Time-Varying Functional Connectivity in Resting {{fMRI}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-11},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1162/netn_a_00116}}

@incollection{macyWhatSustainsStable2006,
	address = {{Kyoto, Japan}},
	author = {Macy, M.W. and Flache, A. and Takacs, K.},
	booktitle = {Advancing {{Social Simulation}}: {{Proceedings}} of the {{First World Congress}} on {{Social Simulation}}},
	editor = {S. Takahashi, null},
	pages = {9--16},
	publisher = {{Springer}},
	shorttitle = {What {{Sustains Stable Cultural Diversity}} and {{What Undermines It}}?},
	title = {What {{Sustains Stable Cultural Diversity}} and {{What Undermines It}}? {{Axelrod}} and beyond. {{Peer}} Review.},
	year = {2006}}

@book{mahmoudPolyaUrnModels2008,
	abstract = {Incorporating a collection of recent results, Polya Urn Models deals with discrete probability through the modern and evolving urn theory and its numerous applications. It looks at how some classical problems of discrete probability have roots in urn models. The book covers the Polya-Eggenberger, Bernard Friedman's, the Bagchi-Pal, and the Ehrenfest urns. It also explains the processes of poissonization and depoissonization and presents applications to random trees, evolution, competitive exclusion, epidemiology, clinical trials, and random circuits. The text includes end-of-chapter exercises that range from easy to challenging, along with solutions in the back of the book.},
	author = {Mahmoud, Hosam},
	googlebooks = {7Bizo28c2LQC},
	isbn = {978-1-4200-5984-7},
	keywords = {Mathematics / Probability \& Statistics / Bayesian Analysis,Mathematics / Probability \& Statistics / General},
	langid = {english},
	month = jun,
	publisher = {{CRC Press}},
	title = {Polya {{Urn Models}}},
	year = {2008}}

@article{marisSpeedaccuracyResponseModels2012,
	abstract = {Starting from an explicit scoring rule for time limit tasks incorporating both response time and accuracy, and a definite trade-off between speed and accuracy, a response model is derived. Since the scoring rule is interpreted as a sufficient statistic, the model belongs to the exponential family. The various marginal and conditional distributions for response accuracy and response time are derived, and it is shown how the model parameters can be estimated. The model for response accuracy is found to be the two-parameter logistic model. It is found that the time limit determines the item discrimination, and this effect is illustrated with the Amsterdam Chess Test II.},
	author = {Maris, Gunter K. J. and {van der Maas}, Han L. J.},
	doi = {10.1007/s11336-012-9288-y},
	issn = {1860-0980},
	journal = {Psychometrika},
	langid = {english},
	month = oct,
	number = {4},
	pages = {615--633},
	shorttitle = {Speed-Accuracy Response Models},
	title = {Speed-Accuracy Response Models: {{Scoring}} Rules Based on Response Time and Accuracy},
	urldate = {2022-03-24},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2012},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-012-9288-y}}

@article{marsmanGuestEditorsIntroduction2022,
	annotation = {3 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Marsman, Maarten and Rhemtulla, Mijke},
	doi = {10.1007/s11336-022-09861-x},
	issn = {1860-0980},
	journal = {Psychometrika},
	langid = {english},
	month = mar,
	number = {1},
	pages = {1--11},
	shorttitle = {Guest {{Editors}}' {{Introduction}} to {{The Special Issue}} ``{{Network Psychometrics}} in {{Action}}''},
	title = {Guest {{Editors}}' {{Introduction}} to {{The Special Issue}} ``{{Network Psychometrics}} in {{Action}}'': {{Methodological Innovations Inspired}} by {{Empirical Problems}}},
	urldate = {2023-06-25},
	volume = {87},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-022-09861-x}}

@article{martinsContinuousOpinionsDiscrete2008,
	abstract = {A model where agents show discrete behavior regarding their actions, but have continuous opinions that are updated by interacting with other agents is presented. This new updating rule is applied to both the voter and Sznajd models for interaction between neighbors, and its consequences are discussed. The appearance of extremists is naturally observed and it seems to be a characteristic of this model.},
	annotation = {190 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Martins, Andr{\'e} C. R.},
	doi = {10.1142/S0129183108012339},
	issn = {0129-1831},
	journal = {International Journal of Modern Physics C},
	keywords = {Bayes rule,Opinion dynamics,Sznajd model,voter model},
	month = apr,
	number = {04},
	pages = {617--624},
	publisher = {{World Scientific Publishing Co.}},
	title = {Continuous Opinions and Discrete Actions in Opinion Dynamics Problems},
	urldate = {2023-04-23},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2008},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129183108012339}}

@article{mataComplexNetworksMinireview2020,
	abstract = {Network analysis is a powerful tool that provides us a fruitful framework to describe phenomena related to social, technological, and many other real-world complex systems. In this paper, we present a brief review about complex networks including fundamental quantities, examples of network models, and the essential role of network topology in the investigation of dynamical processes as epidemics, rumor spreading, and synchronization. A quite of advances have been provided in this field, and many other authors also review the main contributions in this area over the years. However, we show an overview from a different perspective. Our aim is to provide basic information to a broad audience and more detailed references for those who would like to learn deeper the topic.},
	annotation = {45 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {da Mata, Ang{\'e}lica Sousa},
	doi = {10.1007/s13538-020-00772-9},
	issn = {1678-4448},
	journal = {Brazilian Journal of Physics},
	keywords = {Centrality measures,Complex networks,Dynamical process,Models},
	langid = {english},
	month = oct,
	number = {5},
	pages = {658--672},
	shorttitle = {Complex {{Networks}}},
	title = {Complex {{Networks}}: A {{Mini-review}}},
	urldate = {2023-03-18},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13538-020-00772-9}}

@book{mayTheoreticalEcologyPrinciples2007,
	abstract = {Robert May's seminal book has played a central role in the development of ecological science. Originally published in 1976, this influential text has overseen the transition of ecology from an observational and descriptive subject to one with a solid conceptual core. Indeed, it is a testament to its influence that a great deal of the novel material presented in the earlier editions has now been incorporated into standard undergraduate textbooks. It is now a quarter of a century since the publication of the second edition, and a thorough revision is timely.   Theoretical Ecology provides a succinct, up-to-date overview of the field set in the context of applications, thereby bridging the traditional division of theory and practice. It describes the recent advances in our understanding of how interacting populations of plants and animals change over time and space, in response to natural or human-created disturbance. In an integrated way, initial chapters give an account of the basic principles governing the structure, function, and temporal and spatial dynamics of populations and communities of plants and animals. Later chapters outline applications of these ideas to practical issues including fisheries, infectious diseases, tomorrow's food supplies, climate change, and conservation biology. Throughout the book, emphasis is placed on questions which as yet remain unanswered.   The editors have invited the top scientists in the field to collaborate with the next generation of theoretical ecologists. The result is an accessible, advanced textbook suitable for senior undergraduate and graduate level students as well as researchers in the fields of ecology, mathematical biology, environmental and resources management. It will also be of interest to the general reader seeking a better understanding of a range of global environmental problems.              ,                Robert May's seminal book has played a central role in the development of ecological science. Originally published in 1976, this influential text has overseen the transition of ecology from an observational and descriptive subject to one with a solid conceptual core. Indeed, it is a testament to its influence that a great deal of the novel material presented in the earlier editions has now been incorporated into standard undergraduate textbooks. It is now a quarter of a century since the publication of the second edition, and a thorough revision is timely.   Theoretical Ecology provides a succinct, up-to-date overview of the field set in the context of applications, thereby bridging the traditional division of theory and practice. It describes the recent advances in our understanding of how interacting populations of plants and animals change over time and space, in response to natural or human-created disturbance. In an integrated way, initial chapters give an account of the basic principles governing the structure, function, and temporal and spatial dynamics of populations and communities of plants and animals. Later chapters outline applications of these ideas to practical issues including fisheries, infectious diseases, tomorrow's food supplies, climate change, and conservation biology. Throughout the book, emphasis is placed on questions which as yet remain unanswered.   The editors have invited the top scientists in the field to collaborate with the next generation of theoretical ecologists. The result is an accessible, advanced textbook suitable for senior undergraduate and graduate level students as well as researchers in the fields of ecology, mathematical biology, environmental and resources management. It will also be of interest to the general reader seeking a better understanding of a range of global environmental problems.},
	address = {{Oxford, New York}},
	edition = {Third Edition, Third Edition},
	editor = {May, Edited by Professor Lord Robert and Oxford, of and McLean, Angela},
	isbn = {978-0-19-920999-6},
	month = apr,
	publisher = {{Oxford University Press}},
	shorttitle = {Theoretical {{Ecology}}},
	title = {Theoretical {{Ecology}}: {{Principles}} and {{Applications}}},
	year = {2007}}

@article{mazanovCuspCatastropheModel2006,
	abstract = {Behavioural intention was advanced as an alternative bifurcation variable to peer pressure in the context of a cusp catastrophe model of changes in adolescent substance use (Clair, 1998; Byrne, Mazanov \& Gregson, 2001). Three sets of models were tested using data from a 12 month longitudinal study of adolescent smoking in Australia: the first with peer pressure only as the bifurcation term, the second with behavioural intention only and the third with both. In isolation both bifurcation variables performed similarly (adjusted-R{$^2$} and beta). In the third model, peer pressure edged out behavioural intention as an indicator of catastrophic change. Post hoc analysis revealed the polynomial and simple terms of initial conditions were more important than the bifurcation variable to explain change in smoking behaviour. This provoked a call for more work on finding an appropriately complex (non-straight line), theoretically justifiable mathematical model of adolescent substance use. Overall, behavioural intention was considered equivalent to peer pressure as a bifurcation variable although further research is needed to confirm this result. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	author = {Mazanov, Jason and Byrne, D. G.},
	issn = {1573-6652},
	journal = {Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences},
	keywords = {⛔ No DOI found,Behavioral Intention,Chaos Theory,Intention,Mathematical Modeling,Tobacco Smoking},
	pages = {445--470},
	publisher = {{Society for Chaos Theory in Psychology \& Life Sciences}},
	shorttitle = {A {{Cusp Catastrophe Model Analysis}} of {{Changes}} in {{Adolescent Substance Use}}},
	title = {A {{Cusp Catastrophe Model Analysis}} of {{Changes}} in {{Adolescent Substance Use}}: {{Assessment}} of {{Behavioural Intention}} as a {{Bifurcation Variable}}},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2006}}

@book{mcclellandExplorationsParallelDistributed1988,
	abstract = {Parallel distributed processing provides a new way of thinking about perception, memory, learning, and thinking\textemdash and about basic computational mechanisms for intelligent information processing in general. These new ways of thinking have all been captured in simulation models. Our own understanding of parallel distributed processing (PDP) has come about largely through hands-on experimentation with these models. And, in teaching PDP to others, we have discovered that their understanding is enhanced through the same kind of hands-on simulation experience. This handicap is intended to help a wider audience gain this kind of experience. It makes many of the simulation models discussed in the two PDP volumes (McClelland, Rumelhart, \& the PDP Research Group, 1986; Rumelhart, McClelland, \& the PDP Research Group, 1986) available in a form that is both accessible and easy to use. The handbook also provides what we hope are relatively accessible expositions of some of the main mathematical results that underlie the simulation models. And it provides a number of prepared exercises to help the reader begin exploring the simulation programs. This handbook is intended for use in conjunction with the two PDP volumes, particularly for users new to PDP. However, readers who already have some familiarity with PDP models should find that it is possible to use the simulation programs without referring to the PDP volumes. Most important for readers who are new to PDP is the introduction to the PDP framework found in Chapters 1 to 4 of the first PDP volume. Other chapters in the PDP volumes are less essential, since this handbook generally reviews specific material where relevant. However, the PDP volumes generally delve more deeply into the relevant theoretical and empirical background. Rather than repeat this material, we give pointers throughout the handbook to relevant material from the PDP volumes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{Cambridge, MA, US}},
	author = {McClelland, James L. and Rumelhart, David E.},
	isbn = {978-0-262-63113-6},
	keywords = {Artificial Intelligence,Automated Information Processing},
	pages = {ix, 344},
	publisher = {{The MIT Press}},
	series = {Explorations in Parallel Distributed Processing: {{A}} Handbook of Models, Programs, and Exercises},
	shorttitle = {Explorations in Parallel Distributed Processing},
	title = {Explorations in Parallel Distributed Processing: {{A}} Handbook of Models, Programs, and Exercises},
	year = {1988}}

@inproceedings{mcgeerPassiveWalkingKnees1990,
	abstract = {It is shown that passive dynamic walking, a phenomenon originally described for bipeds having straight legs, also works with knees. Thus, giving only a downhill slope as a source of energy, a human-like pair of legs will settle into a natural gait generated by the passive interaction of gravity and inertia. No muscular input is required. The physics is much the same as in straight-legged walking, but the knee-jointed form has two advantages: it offers a simple solution to the problem of foot clearance during the recovery phase, and, in some cases, it is more stable.{$<>$}},
	annotation = {247 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {McGeer, T.},
	booktitle = {, {{IEEE International Conference}} on {{Robotics}} and {{Automation Proceedings}}},
	doi = {10.1109/ROBOT.1990.126245},
	keywords = {Foot,Gravity,Hip,Inertial confinement,Knee,Leg,Legged locomotion,Power engineering and energy,Robotics and automation,Thigh},
	month = may,
	pages = {1640-1645 vol.3},
	title = {Passive Walking with Knees},
	year = {1990},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.1990.126245}}

@article{mcgrathAcquisitionChessKnowledge2022,
	abstract = {We analyze the knowledge acquired by AlphaZero, a neural network engine that learns chess solely by playing against itself yet becomes capable of outperforming human chess players. Although the system trains without access to human games or guidance, it appears to learn concepts analogous to those used by human chess players. We provide two lines of evidence. Linear probes applied to AlphaZero's internal state enable us to quantify when and where such concepts are represented in the network. We also describe a behavioral analysis of opening play, including qualitative commentary by a former world chess champion.},
	annotation = {14 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {McGrath, Thomas and Kapishnikov, Andrei and Toma{\v s}ev, Nenad and Pearce, Adam and Wattenberg, Martin and Hassabis, Demis and Kim, Been and Paquet, Ulrich and Kramnik, Vladimir},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.2206625119},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	month = nov,
	number = {47},
	pages = {e2206625119},
	publisher = {{Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}},
	title = {Acquisition of Chess Knowledge in {{AlphaZero}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-05},
	volume = {119},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2206625119}}

@article{mclachlanFiniteMixtureModels2019,
	abstract = {The important role of finite mixture models in the statistical analysis of data is underscored by the ever-increasing rate at which articles on mixture applications appear in the statistical and general scientific literature. The aim of this article is to provide an up-to-date account of the theory and methodological developments underlying the applications of finite mixture models. Because of their flexibility, mixture models are being increasingly exploited as a convenient, semiparametric way in which to model unknown distributional shapes. This is in addition to their obvious applications where there is group-structure in the data or where the aim is to explore the data for such structure, as in a cluster analysis. It has now been three decades since the publication of the monograph by McLachlan \& Basford (1988) with an emphasis on the potential usefulness of mixture models for inference and clustering. Since then, mixture models have attracted the interest of many researchers and have found many new and interesting fields of application. Thus, the literature on mixture models has expanded enormously, and as a consequence, the bibliography here can only provide selected coverage.},
	annotation = {296 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {McLachlan, Geoffrey J. and Lee, Sharon X. and Rathnayake, Suren I.},
	doi = {10.1146/annurev-statistics-031017-100325},
	journal = {Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application},
	keywords = {EM algorithm,mixture proportions,mixtures of factor analyzers,model-based clustering,normal and t-mixture distributions},
	number = {1},
	pages = {355--378},
	title = {Finite {{Mixture Models}}},
	urldate = {2023-01-27},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-statistics-031017-100325}}

@book{mcrobieSeductionCurvesLines2017,
	abstract = {A lavishly illustrated book that explores the language of curves that spans the human body, science, engineering, and artCurves are seductive. These smooth, organic lines and surfaces\textemdash like those of the human body\textemdash appeal to us in an instinctive, visceral way that straight lines or the perfect shapes of classical geometry never could. In this large-format book, lavishly illustrated in color throughout, Allan McRobie takes the reader on an alluring exploration of the beautiful curves that shape our world\textemdash from our bodies to Salvador Dal\'i's paintings and the space-time fabric of the universe itself.The book focuses on seven curves\textemdash the fold, cusp, swallowtail, and butterfly, plus the hyperbolic, elliptical, and parabolic ``umbilics''\textemdash and describes the surprising origins of their taxonomy in the catastrophe theory of mathematician Ren\'e Thom. In an accessible discussion illustrated with many photographs of the human nude, McRobie introduces these curves and then describes their role in nature, science, engineering, architecture, art, and other areas. The reader learns how these curves play out in everything from the stability of oil rigs and the study of distant galaxies to rainbows, the patterns of light on pool floors, and even the shape of human genitals. The book also discusses the role of these curves in the work of such artists as David Hockney, Henry Moore, and Anish Kapoor, with particular attention given to the delicate sculptures of Naum Gabo and the final paintings of Dal\'i, who said that Thom's theory ``bewitched all of my atoms.''A unique introduction to the language of beautiful curves, this book may change the way you see the world.},
	author = {McRobie, Allan},
	googlebooks = {Rus9DwAAQBAJ},
	isbn = {978-0-691-17533-1},
	keywords = {Art / General,Art / Popular Culture,Mathematics / Geometry / General,Mathematics / Topology,Science / Mechanics / Dynamics,Technology \& Engineering / Engineering (General)},
	langid = {english},
	month = sep,
	publisher = {{Princeton University Press}},
	shorttitle = {The {{Seduction}} of {{Curves}}},
	title = {The {{Seduction}} of {{Curves}}: {{The Lines}} of {{Beauty That Connect Mathematics}}, {{Art}}, and the {{Nude}}},
	year = {2017}}

@book{meadowsThinkingSystemsPrimer2008,
	abstract = {In the years following her role as the lead author of the international bestseller, "Limits to Growth"--The first book to show the consequences of unchecked growth on a finite planet-- Donella Meadows remained a pioneer of environmental and social analysis until her untimely death in 2001. Meadows' newly released manuscript, "Thinking in Systems," is a concise and crucial book offering insight for problem solving on scales ranging from the personal to the global. Edited by the Sustainability Institute's Diana Wright, this essential primer brings systems thinking out of the realm of computers and equations and into the tangible world, showing readers how to develop the systems-thinking skills that thought leaders across the globe consider critical for 21st-century life. Some of the biggest problems facing the world--war, hunger, poverty, and environmental degradation--are essentially system failures. They cannot be solved by fixing one piece in isolation from the others, because even seemingly minor details have enormous power to undermine the best efforts of too-narrow thinking. While readers will learn the conceptual tools and methods of systems thinking, the heart of the book is grander than methodology. Donella Meadows was known as much for nurturing positive outcomes as she was for delving into the science behind global dilemmas. She reminds readers to pay attention to what is important, not just what is quantifiable, to stay humble, and to stay a learner. In a world growing ever more complicated, crowded, and interdependent, "Thinking in Systems" helps readers avoid confusion and helplessness, the first step toward finding proactive and effective solutions.},
	author = {Meadows, Donella H.},
	googlebooks = {CpbLAgAAQBAJ},
	isbn = {978-1-60358-055-7},
	langid = {english},
	publisher = {{Chelsea Green Publishing}},
	shorttitle = {Thinking in {{Systems}}},
	title = {Thinking in {{Systems}}: {{A Primer}}},
	year = {2008}}

@article{meenaEmergentStabilityComplex2023,
	abstract = {The stable functionality of networked systems is a hallmark of their natural ability to coordinate between their multiple interacting components. Yet, real-world networks often appear random and highly irregular, raising the question of what are the naturally emerging organizing principles of complex system stability. The answer is encoded within the system's stability matrix\textemdash the Jacobian\textemdash but is hard to retrieve, due to the scale and diversity of the relevant systems, their broad parameter space and their nonlinear interaction dynamics. Here we introduce the dynamic Jacobian ensemble, which allows us to systematically investigate the fixed-point dynamics of a range of relevant network-based models. Within this ensemble, we find that complex systems exhibit discrete stability classes. These range from asymptotically unstable (where stability is unattainable) to sensitive (where stability abides within a bounded range of system parameters). Alongside these two classes, we uncover a third asymptotically stable class in which a sufficiently large and heterogeneous network acquires a guaranteed stability, independent of its microscopic parameters and robust against external perturbation. Hence, in this ensemble, two of the most ubiquitous characteristics of real-world networks\textemdash scale and heterogeneity\textemdash emerge as natural organizing principles to ensure fixed-point stability in the face of changing environmental conditions.},
	annotation = {4 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Meena, Chandrakala and Hens, Chittaranjan and Acharyya, Suman and Haber, Simcha and Boccaletti, Stefano and Barzel, Baruch},
	copyright = {2023 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited},
	doi = {10.1038/s41567-023-02020-8},
	issn = {1745-2481},
	journal = {Nature Physics},
	keywords = {Complex networks,Statistical physics},
	langid = {english},
	month = apr,
	pages = {1--10},
	publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
	title = {Emergent Stability in Complex Network Dynamics},
	urldate = {2023-04-23},
	year = {2023},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-023-02020-8}}

@book{meierChronicCrisisPsychological2013,
	abstract = {The Chronic Crisis in Psychological Measurement and Assessment: A Historical Survey provides a historical survey of relevant concepts in psychological measurement and assessment. It does not delve into intimate details and complexities, but traces measurement and assessment controversies over time and across psychological domains. The main goal has been to approach the problems of measurement and assessment from the perspective of psychological theory. The book begins with an overview, a broad picture of how psychological measurement and assessment have evolved. Separate chapters present descriptions and interpretations of measurement issues that have been important over the lifespan of psychological science. Traditional approaches along with newer concepts and procedures are are discussed, along with an attempt to integrate the major themes that emerge from the historical survey with the ultimate purpose of reviewing and proposing new directions. This book is offered as a complement to existing texts in psychological measurement and assessment.},
	author = {Meier, Scott T.},
	googlebooks = {p\_JFBQAAQBAJ},
	isbn = {978-1-4832-7159-0},
	keywords = {Psychology / Reference},
	langid = {english},
	month = oct,
	publisher = {{Academic Press}},
	shorttitle = {The {{Chronic Crisis}} in {{Psychological Measurement}} and {{Assessment}}},
	title = {The {{Chronic Crisis}} in {{Psychological Measurement}} and {{Assessment}}: {{A Historical Survey}}},
	year = {2013}}

@book{michellMeasurementPsychologyCritical1999,
	abstract = {This book traces how such a seemingly immutable idea as measurement proved so malleable when it collided with the subject matter of psychology. It locates philosophical and social influences (such as scientism, practicalism and Pythagoreanism) reshaping the concept and, at the core of this reshaping, identifies a fundamental problem: the issue of whether psychological attributes really are quantitative. It argues that the idea of measurement now endorsed within psychology actually subverts attempts to establish a genuinely quantitative science and it urges a new direction. It relates views on measurement by thinkers such as Holder, Russell, Campbell and Nagel to earlier views, like those of Euclid and Oresme. Within the history of psychology, it considers contributions by Fechner, Cattell, Thorndike, Stevens and Suppes, among others. It also contains a non-technical exposition of conjoint measurement theory and recent foundational work by leading measurement theorist R. Duncan Luce.},
	author = {Michell, Joel},
	googlebooks = {oNIcvjpDQeQC},
	isbn = {978-1-139-42560-5},
	keywords = {Psychology / Movements / General,Psychology / Research \& Methodology,Social Science / Research},
	langid = {english},
	month = jun,
	publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
	shorttitle = {Measurement in {{Psychology}}},
	title = {Measurement in {{Psychology}}: {{A Critical History}} of a {{Methodological Concept}}},
	year = {1999}}

@article{michellPsychometricsPathologicalScience2008,
	abstract = {Pathology of science occurs when the normal processes of scientific investigation break down and a hypothesis is accepted as true within the mainstream of a discipline without a serious attempt being made to test it and without any recognition that this is happening. It is argued that this has happened in psychometrics: The hypothesis upon which it is premised, that psychological attributes are quantitative, is accepted within the mainstream, and not only do psychometricians fail to acknowledge this, but they hardly recognize the existence of this hypothesis at all. It is suggested that certain social interests, identifiable within the history of modern psychology, have produced this situation because of the ideological and economic secondary gains derived from presenting psychology as a quantitative science. The question of whether modern item response models are exempt from this critique is considered, and it is concluded that they have not yet faced up to the challenges of seriously testing the relevant hypothesis or even bothered to recognize its existence.},
	annotation = {60 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13] ERIC Number: EJ812319},
	author = {Michell, Joel},
	doi = {10.1080/15366360802035489},
	issn = {1536-6367},
	journal = {Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives},
	keywords = {Hypothesis Testing,Item Response Theory,Pathology,Psychology,Psychometrics,Science Process Skills},
	langid = {english},
	month = jan,
	pages = {7--24},
	publisher = {{Psychology Press}},
	title = {Is {{Psychometrics Pathological Science}}?},
	urldate = {2023-01-30},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2008},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1080/15366360802035489}}

@article{michellQuantitativeScienceDefinition1997,
	abstract = {It is argued that establishing quantitative science involves two research tasks: the scientific one of showing that the relevant attribute is quantitative; and the instrumental one of constructing procedures for numerically estimating magnitudes. In proposing quantitative theories and claiming to measure the attributes involved, psychologists are logically committed to both tasks. However, they have adopted their own, special, definition of measurement, one that deflects attention away from the scientific task. It is argued that this is not accidental. From Fechner onwards, the dominant tradition in quantitative psychology ignored this task. Stevens' definition rationalized this neglect. The widespread acceptance of this definition within psychology made this neglect systemic, with the consequence that the implications of contemporary research in measurement theory for undertaking the scientific task are not appreciated. It is argued further that when the ideological support structures of a science sustain serious blind spots like this, then that science is in the grip of some kind of thought disorder. \ldots unluckily our professors of psychology in general are not up to quantitative logic\ldots{} E. L. Thorndike to J. McK. Cattell, 1904},
	annotation = {247 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Michell, Joel},
	copyright = {1997 The British Psychological Society},
	doi = {10.1111/j.2044-8295.1997.tb02641.x},
	issn = {2044-8295},
	journal = {British Journal of Psychology},
	langid = {english},
	number = {3},
	pages = {355--383},
	title = {Quantitative Science and the Definition of Measurement in Psychology},
	urldate = {2023-07-05},
	volume = {88},
	year = {1997},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1997.tb02641.x}}

@book{millerComplexAdaptiveSystems2007,
	abstract = {This book provides the first clear, comprehensive, and accessible account of complex adaptive social systems, by two of the field's leading authorities. Such systems--whether political parties, stock markets, or ant colonies--present some of the most intriguing theoretical and practical challenges confronting the social sciences. Engagingly written, and balancing technical detail with intuitive explanations, Complex Adaptive Systems focuses on the key tools and ideas that have emerged in the field since the mid-1990s, as well as the techniques needed to investigate such systems. It provides a detailed introduction to concepts such as emergence, self-organized criticality, automata, networks, diversity, adaptation, and feedback. It also demonstrates how complex adaptive systems can be explored using methods ranging from mathematics to computational models of adaptive agents. John Miller and Scott Page show how to combine ideas from economics, political science, biology, physics, and computer science to illuminate topics in organization, adaptation, decentralization, and robustness. They also demonstrate how the usual extremes used in modeling can be fruitfully transcended, allowing the investigation of systems composed of moderate numbers of interacting and thoughtful, but not perfect, agents across a variety of important domains. Finally, they outline a twenty-first-century research agenda for the social sciences based on these ideas. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{Princeton, NJ, US}},
	author = {Miller, John H. and Page, Scott E.},
	isbn = {978-0-691-12702-6 978-0-691-13096-5},
	keywords = {Adaptation,Models,Social Sciences,Systems Theory},
	pages = {xix, 263},
	publisher = {{Princeton University Press}},
	series = {Complex Adaptive Systems: {{An}} Introduction to Computational Models of Social Life},
	shorttitle = {Complex Adaptive Systems},
	title = {Complex Adaptive Systems: {{An}} Introduction to Computational Models of Social Life},
	year = {2007}}

@book{mitchellComplexityGuidedTour2009,
	author = {Mitchell, Melanie},
	publisher = {{Oxford University Press}},
	shorttitle = {Complexity},
	title = {Complexity: {{A Guided Tour}}},
	year = {2009}}

@book{mitchellIntroductionGeneticAlgorithms1998,
	abstract = {Genetic algorithms have been used in science and engineering as adaptive algorithms for solving practical problems and as computational models of natural evolutionary systems. This brief, accessible introduction describes some of the most interesting research in the field and also enables readers to implement and experiment with genetic algorithms on their own. It focuses in depth on a small set of important and interesting topics\textemdash particularly in machine learning, scientific modeling, and artificial life\textemdash and reviews a broad span of research, including the work of Mitchell and her colleagues.The descriptions of applications and modeling projects stretch beyond the strict boundaries of computer science to include dynamical systems theory, game theory, molecular biology, ecology, evolutionary biology, and population genetics, underscoring the exciting "general purpose" nature of genetic algorithms as search methods that can be employed across disciplines.An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms is accessible to students and researchers in any scientific discipline. It includes many thought and computer exercises that build on and reinforce the reader's understanding of the text. The first chapter introduces genetic algorithms and their terminology and describes two provocative applications in detail. The second and third chapters look at the use of genetic algorithms in machine learning (computer programs, data analysis and prediction, neural networks) and in scientific models (interactions among learning, evolution, and culture; sexual selection; ecosystems; evolutionary activity). Several approaches to the theory of genetic algorithms are discussed in depth in the fourth chapter. The fifth chapter takes up implementation, and the last chapter poses some currently unanswered questions and surveys prospects for the future of evolutionary computation.},
	author = {Mitchell, Melanie},
	isbn = {978-0-262-63185-3},
	keywords = {Computers / Computer Science},
	langid = {english},
	month = mar,
	publisher = {{MIT Press}},
	title = {An {{Introduction}} to {{Genetic Algorithms}}},
	year = {1998}}

@article{molenaarDirectFitTheoretical2003,
	abstract = {This paper presents a general method to fit the Sch\"oner-Haken-Kelso (SHK) model of human movement phase transitions directly to time series data. A robust variant of the extended Kalman filter technique is applied to the data of a single subject. The options of covariance resetting and iteration within recursion were used to obtain time-dependent estimates of both the {$\alpha$} and {$\beta$} parameters in the SHK model. Comparison between transition onset time and the time at which |{$\beta$}(t|T)/{$\alpha$}(t|T)| becomes critical indicates that the transitions are advanced by noise. The method can be extended to handle non-normal data and generalization across subjects and/or experimental conditions.},
	annotation = {27 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Molenaar, Peter C. M. and Newell, Karl M.},
	doi = {10.1348/000711003770480002},
	issn = {2044-8317},
	journal = {British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology},
	langid = {english},
	number = {2},
	pages = {199--214},
	title = {Direct Fit of a Theoretical Model of Phase Transition in Oscillatory Finger Motions},
	urldate = {2023-02-13},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2003},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1348/000711003770480002}}

@article{molenaarDynamicModelsDevelopment1985,
	abstract = {Starting with a prototypical model of Newtonian mechanics, a sequence of dynamic models with increasing structural complexity is presented. The implicated smooth variation along a dimension of structural complexity yields dynamic models which display organismic properties such as stagewise development and emergent self-organization. Consequently, it is concluded that dynamic models of development are inherently neutral with respect to the mechanism-organicism controversy. Accordingly, a unitary research program is proposed in which these dynamic models serve as building blocks for the construction of a coherent explanatory system of development.},
	annotation = {11 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Molenaar, Peter C. M. and Oppenheimer, Louis},
	doi = {10.1016/0732-118X(85)90017-0},
	issn = {0732-118X},
	journal = {New Ideas in Psychology},
	langid = {english},
	month = jan,
	number = {3},
	pages = {233--242},
	title = {Dynamic Models of Development and the Mechanistic-Organismic Controversy},
	urldate = {2023-03-31},
	volume = {3},
	year = {1985},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0732-118X(85)90017-0}}

@article{molenaarManifestoPsychologyIdiographic2004,
  title = {A {{Manifesto}} on {{Psychology}} as {{Idiographic Science}}: {{Bringing}} the {{Person Back Into Scientific Psychology}}, {{This Time Forever}}},
  shorttitle = {A {{Manifesto}} on {{Psychology}} as {{Idiographic Science}}},
  author = {Molenaar, Peter C. M.},
  year = {2004},
  month = oct,
  journal = {Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {201--218},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  issn = {1536-6367},
  doi = {10.1207/s15366359mea0204_1},
  urldate = {2024-05-20},
  abstract = {Psychology is focused on variation between cases (interindividual variation). Results thus obtained are considered to be generalizable to the understanding and explanation of variation within single cases (intraindividual variation). It is indicated, however, that the direct consequences of the classical ergodic theorems for psychology and psychometrics invalidate this conjectured generalizability: only under very strict conditions-which are hardly obtained in real psychological processes-can a generalization be made from a structure of interindividual variation to the analogous structure of intraindividual variation. Illustrations of the lack of this generalizability are given in the contexts of psychometrics, developmental psychology, and personality theory.}
}


@article{monroeGeneralConnectionistModel2008,
	abstract = {A localist, parallel constraint satisfaction, artificial neural network model is presented that accounts for a broad collection of attitude and attitude-change phenomena. The network represents the attitude object and cognitions and beliefs related to the attitude, as well as how to integrate a persuasive message into this network. Short-term effects are modeled by activation patterns due to parallel constraint satisfaction processes, and long-term effects are modeled by weight changes due to the settling patterns of activation. Phenomena modeled include thought-induced attitude polarization, elaboration and attitude strength, motivated reasoning and social influence, an integrated view of heuristic versus systematic persuasion, and implicit versus explicit attitude change. Results of the simulations are consistent with empirical results. The same set of simple mechanisms is used to model all the phenomena, which allows the model to offer a parsimonious theoretical account of how structure can impact attitude change. This model is compared with previous computational approaches to attitudes, and implications for attitude research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {62 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Monroe, Brian M. and Read, Stephen J.},
	doi = {10.1037/0033-295X.115.3.733},
	issn = {1939-1471},
	journal = {Psychological Review},
	keywords = {Attitude Change,Attitude Measures,Attitudes,Computer Simulation,Neural Networks,Social Cognition},
	pages = {733--759},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	shorttitle = {A General Connectionist Model of Attitude Structure and Change},
	title = {A General Connectionist Model of Attitude Structure and Change: {{The ACS}} ({{Attitudes}} as {{Constraint Satisfaction}}) Model},
	volume = {115},
	year = {2008},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.115.3.733}}

@article{monsivais-velazquezDynamicsHierarchicalWeighted2020,
	abstract = {We investigate the dynamics of regular fractal-like networks of hierarchically coupled van der Pol oscillators. The hierarchy is imposed in terms of the coupling strengths or link weights. We study the low frequency modes, as well as frequency and phase synchronization, in the network by a process of repeated coarse-graining of oscillator units. At any given stage of this process, we sum over the signals from the oscillator units of a clique to obtain a new oscillating unit. The frequencies and the phases for the coarse-grained oscillators are found to progressively synchronize with the number of coarse-graining steps. Furthermore, the characteristic frequency is found to decrease and finally stabilize to a value that can be tuned via the parameters of the system. We compare our numerical results with those of an approximate analytic solution and find good qualitative agreement. Our study on this idealized model shows how oscillations with a precise frequency can be obtained in systems with heterogeneous couplings. It also demonstrates the effect of imposing a hierarchy in terms of link weights instead of one that is solely topological, where the connectivity between oscillators would be the determining factor, as is usually the case.},
	annotation = {2 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {{Monsivais-Velazquez}, Daniel and Bhattacharya, Kunal and Barrio, Rafael A. and Maini, Philip K. and Kaski, Kimmo K.},
	doi = {10.1063/5.0010638},
	issn = {1089-7682},
	journal = {Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)},
	langid = {english},
	month = dec,
	number = {12},
	pages = {123146},
	pmid = {33380066},
	title = {Dynamics of Hierarchical Weighted Networks of van Der {{Pol}} Oscillators},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0010638}}

@article{morelLookingGlassComplexity1999,
	abstract = {This paper examines how organization theory can benefit from advances made in the interdisciplinary field of complex systems theory (CST). Complex systems theory is not so much a single theory as a perspective for conceptualizing and modeling dynamic systems. The field of complexity is described in terms of the characteristics of systems that are typically the subject of its study, the type of analytical tools used by researchers in this field, and the recurring paradigms that characterize this research perspective. The concepts of self-organized criticality and self-organization and their relevance to organizational studies are examined. The potential usefulness of these concepts is illustrated in the context of organizational evolution and social network analysis. An alternative model of organizational evolution, based on biological evolution, is proposed and propositions are developed. Unlike traditional models for organization, this model does not rely on an algorithm of optimization of a fitness function. The problem of self-organization is approached from the viewpoint of random graph theory and is applied to the analysis of social networks. Finally, important issues in using concepts from the field of CST are discussed. It is suggested that the immediate benefits of CST may be as a framework that facilitates conceptual elaborations and encourages formal modeling; both activities may provide fresh and deep insights into organizational phenomena.},
	annotation = {218 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Morel, Benoit and Ramanujam, Rangaraj},
	doi = {10.1287/orsc.10.3.278},
	issn = {1047-7039},
	journal = {Organization Science},
	keywords = {complex systems theory,computer simulations,organizational adaptation,organizational evolution,social network analysis},
	month = jun,
	number = {3},
	pages = {278--293},
	publisher = {{INFORMS}},
	shorttitle = {Through the {{Looking Glass}} of {{Complexity}}},
	title = {Through the {{Looking Glass}} of {{Complexity}}: {{The Dynamics}} of {{Organizations}} as {{Adaptive}} and {{Evolving Systems}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-18},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1999},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.10.3.278}}

@book{murrayMathematicalBiology2002,
	address = {{New York}},
	author = {Murray, James D.},
	date-modified = {2024-02-10 19:02:26 +0200},
	edition = {3rd ed},
	isbn = {978-0-387-95223-9 978-0-387-95228-4},
	keywords = {Biology,Mathematical models},
	langid = {english},
	lccn = {QH323.5 .M88 2002},
	publisher = {{Springer}},
	series = {Interdisciplinary Applied Mathematics},
	title = {Mathematical Biology},
	year = {2002}}

@article{nashEquilibriumPointsNperson1950,
	annotation = {4174 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Nash, John F.},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.36.1.48},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	month = jan,
	number = {1},
	pages = {48--49},
	publisher = {{Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}},
	title = {Equilibrium Points in N-Person Games},
	urldate = {2023-04-07},
	volume = {36},
	year = {1950},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.36.1.48}}

@article{needhamHowBabiesUse2023,
	abstract = {Object play is essential for infant learning, and infants spend most of their day with objects. Young infants learn about objects and their properties through multimodal exploration facilitated by caregivers. They figure out how to transport their hands to where objects are, and how to grasp objects in increasingly complex ways. Building on earlier experiences, they learn how to use their hands collaboratively to act on objects, and how to use objects to act on other objects in instrumental ways. These changes in how infants use their hands occur during the most rapid period of motor development and may have important downstream implications for other domains. Recent research findings have established the importance of effective fine motor skills for later academic skills, yet our understanding of the factors that influence the early development of hand skills is sparse at best. Latest research on reaching, grasping, object manipulation, hands collaboration, and tool use is reviewed and connections among these developments are explained from the perspective of developmental cascades. This article is categorized under: Psychology {$>$} Motor Skill and Performance Psychology {$>$} Development and Aging},
	annotation = {1 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Needham, Amy Work and Nelson, Eliza L.},
	copyright = {\textcopyright{} 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.},
	doi = {10.1002/wcs.1661},
	issn = {1939-5086},
	journal = {WIREs Cognitive Science},
	keywords = {grasping,infancy,manipulation,motor development,reaching,tool use},
	langid = {english},
	number = {n/a},
	pages = {e1661},
	shorttitle = {How Babies Use Their Hands to Learn about Objects},
	title = {How Babies Use Their Hands to Learn about Objects: {{Exploration}}, Reach-to-Grasp, Manipulation, and Tool Use},
	urldate = {2023-06-24},
	volume = {n/a},
	year = {2023},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1661}}

@article{newmanWhySocialNetworks2003,
	abstract = {We argue that social networks differ from most other types of networks, including technological and biological networks, in two important ways. First, they have nontrivial clustering or network transitivity and second, they show positive correlations, also called assortative mixing, between the degrees of adjacent vertices. Social networks are often divided into groups or communities, and it has recently been suggested that this division could account for the observed clustering. We demonstrate that group structure in networks can also account for degree correlations. We show using a simple model that we should expect assortative mixing in such networks whenever there is variation in the sizes of the groups and that the predicted level of assortative mixing compares well with that observed in real-world networks.},
	annotation = {800 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Newman, M. E. J. and Park, Juyong},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.68.036122},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	month = sep,
	number = {3},
	pages = {036122},
	publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
	title = {Why Social Networks Are Different from Other Types of Networks},
	urldate = {2023-04-10},
	volume = {68},
	year = {2003},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.68.036122}}

@article{noorazarRecentAdvancesOpinion2020,
	abstract = {Opinion dynamics have attracted the interest of researchers from different fields. Local interactions among individuals create interesting dynamics for the system as a whole. Such dynamics are important from a variety of perspectives. Group decision making, successful marketing, and constructing networks (in which consensus can be reached or prevented) are a few examples of existing or potential applications. The invention of the Internet has made the opinion fusion faster, unilateral, and on a whole different scale. Spread of fake news, propaganda, and election interferences have made it clear there is an essential need to know more about these dynamics. The emergence of new ideas in the field has accelerated over the last few years. In the first quarter of 2020, at least 50 research papers have emerged, either peer-reviewed and published or on preprint outlets such as arXiv. In this paper, we summarize these ground-breaking ideas and their fascinating extensions and introduce newly surfaced concepts.},
	annotation = {58 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Noorazar, Hossein},
	doi = {10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00541-2},
	issn = {2190-5444},
	journal = {The European Physical Journal Plus},
	langid = {english},
	month = jun,
	number = {6},
	pages = {521},
	shorttitle = {Recent Advances in Opinion Propagation Dynamics},
	title = {Recent Advances in Opinion Propagation Dynamics: A 2020 Survey},
	urldate = {2023-04-21},
	volume = {135},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00541-2}}

@article{nosekReplicabilityRobustnessReproducibility2022,
	abstract = {Replication\textemdash an important, uncommon, and misunderstood practice\textemdash is gaining appreciation in psychology. Achieving replicability is important for making research progress. If findings are not replicable, then prediction and theory development are stifled. If findings are replicable, then interrogation of their meaning and validity can advance knowledge. Assessing replicability can be productive for generating and testing hypotheses by actively confronting current understandings to identify weaknesses and spur innovation. For psychology, the 2010s might be characterized as a decade of active confrontation. Systematic and multi-site replication projects assessed current understandings and observed surprising failures to replicate many published findings. Replication efforts highlighted sociocultural challenges such as disincentives to conduct replications and a tendency to frame replication as a personal attack rather than a healthy scientific practice, and they raised awareness that replication contributes to self-correction. Nevertheless, innovation in doing and understanding replication and its cousins, reproducibility and robustness, has positioned psychology to improve research practices and accelerate progress.},
	annotation = {97 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Nosek, Brian A. and Hardwicke, Tom E. and Moshontz, Hannah and Allard, Aur{\'e}lien and Corker, Katherine S. and Dreber, Anna and Fidler, Fiona and Hilgard, Joe and Kline Struhl, Melissa and Nuijten, Mich{\`e}le B. and Rohrer, Julia M. and Romero, Felipe and Scheel, Anne M. and Scherer, Laura D. and Sch{\"o}nbrodt, Felix D. and Vazire, Simine},
	doi = {10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-114157},
	journal = {Annual Review of Psychology},
	keywords = {generalizability,metascience,replication,reproducibility,research methods,robustness,statistical inference,theory,validity},
	number = {1},
	pages = {719--748},
	pmid = {34665669},
	title = {Replicability, {{Robustness}}, and {{Reproducibility}} in {{Psychological Science}}},
	urldate = {2023-05-20},
	volume = {73},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-114157}}

@article{nowakPrivateAttitudePublic1990,
	abstract = {A theory describing the functioning of an individual in the presence of others is examined through computer simulation by explaining Latane's theory of social impact (as applied to attitudes). Computer simulation may be useful to help determine the extent to which group-level phenomena result from individual-level processes. (SLD)},
	annotation = {553 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13] ERIC Number: EJ494092},
	author = {Nowak, Andrzej and Others, And},
	doi = {10.1037/0033-295X.97.3.362},
	issn = {0033-295X},
	journal = {Psychological Review},
	keywords = {Attitude Change,Attitudes,Cognitive Processes,Computer Simulation,Group Membership,Interaction,Interpersonal Relationship,Public Opinion,Research Methodology,Theories},
	langid = {english},
	number = {3},
	pages = {362--76},
	shorttitle = {From {{Private Attitude}} to {{Public Opinion}}},
	title = {From {{Private Attitude}} to {{Public Opinion}}: {{A Dynamic Theory}} of {{Social Impact}}},
	urldate = {2023-04-17},
	volume = {97},
	year = {1990},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.97.3.362}}

@article{obyrneHowCriticalBrain2022,
	abstract = {Criticality is the singular state of complex systems poised at the brink of a phase transition between order and randomness. Such systems display remarkable information-processing capabilities, evoking the compelling hypothesis that the brain may itself be critical. This foundational idea is now drawing renewed interest thanks to high-density data and converging cross-disciplinary knowledge. Together, these lines of inquiry have shed light on the intimate link between criticality, computation, and cognition. Here, we review these emerging trends in criticality neuroscience, highlighting new data pertaining to the edge of chaos and near-criticality, and making a case for the distance to criticality as a useful metric for probing cognitive states and mental illness. This unfolding progress in the field contributes to establishing criticality theory as a powerful mechanistic framework for studying emergent function and its efficiency in both biological and artificial neural networks.},
	annotation = {33 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {O'Byrne, Jordan and Jerbi, Karim},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tins.2022.08.007},
	issn = {0166-2236},
	journal = {Trends in Neurosciences},
	keywords = {cognition,complexity,edge of chaos,neuronal avalanche,phase transition,scale-free},
	langid = {english},
	month = nov,
	number = {11},
	pages = {820--837},
	title = {How Critical Is Brain Criticality?},
	urldate = {2023-02-11},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2022.08.007}}

@article{olivaGemcatGeneralMultivariate1987,
	abstract = {This paper presents a methodology for empirically estimating any specified univariate or multivariate catastrophe theory model. As such, the paper is appropriate for those interested in modeling virtually all levels of living systems and subsystems which can be described by catastrophe theory models, as well as those interested in testing cross-level hypotheses about such systems and subsystems. The lack of such flexible estimation procedures has limited the potential application of catastrophe modeling in the social and behavioral sciences. More specifically, a methodology called GEMCAT is presented, using the cusp model for expositional convenience, which allows the traditional canonical catastrophe model variables to be described as latent constructs of univariate or multivariate observable variable sets. A Monte Carlo analysis is presented demonstrating the performance of the methodology under various conditions. Furthermore, it is shown how this method is superior to the common practice of generating univariate composites (e.g., by summing, averaging, etc.) which has been traditionally used because of either computational convenience or the lack of such a methodology.},
	annotation = {54 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Oliva, Terence A. and Desarbo, Wayne S. and Day, Diana L. and Jedidi, Kamel},
	doi = {10.1002/bs.3830320205},
	issn = {1099-1743},
	journal = {Behavioral Science},
	keywords = {all levels of systems,all subsystems,catastrophe theory,controlled random search,cross-level hypotheses,cusp catastrophe model,nonlinear estimation},
	langid = {english},
	number = {2},
	pages = {121--137},
	shorttitle = {Gemcat},
	title = {Gemcat: {{A}} General Multivariate Methodology for Estimating Catastrophe Models},
	urldate = {2023-01-30},
	volume = {32},
	year = {1987},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830320205}}

@article{olthofComplexityTheoryPsychopathology2023,
	abstract = {There is a renewed interest for complex adaptive system approaches that can account for the inherently complex and dynamic nature of psychopathology. Yet a theory of psychopathology grounded in the principles of complex adaptive systems is lacking. Here, we present such a theory based on the notion of dynamic patterns: patterns that are formed over time. We propose that psychopathology can be understood as a dynamic pattern that emerges from self-organized interactions between interdependent biopsychosocial processes in a complex adaptive system comprising a person in their environment. Psychopathology is emergent in the sense that it refers to the person-environment system as a whole and cannot be reduced to specific system parts. Psychopathology as a dynamic pattern is also self-organized, meaning that it arises solely from the interdependencies in the system: the interactions between countless biopsychosocial variables. All possible manifestations of psychopathology will correspond to a wide variety of dynamic patterns. Yet we propose that the development of these patterns over time can be described by general principles of pattern formation in complex adaptive systems. A discussion of implications for classification, intervention, and public health concludes the article. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {1 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Olthof, Merlijn and Hasselman, Fred and Oude Maatman, Freek and Bosman, Anna M. T. and {Lichtwarck-Aschoff}, Anna},
	doi = {10.1037/abn0000740},
	issn = {2769-755X},
	journal = {Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science},
	keywords = {Biopsychosocial Approach,Development,Interdependence,Psychological Theories,Psychopathology,Transdiagnostic Treatment},
	pages = {314--323},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	title = {Complexity Theory of Psychopathology},
	volume = {132},
	year = {2023},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000740}}

@article{olthofCriticalFluctuationsEarlyWarning2020,
	abstract = {Whereas sudden gains and losses (large shifts in symptom severity) in patients receiving psychotherapy appear abrupt and hence may seem unexpected, hypotheses from complex-systems theory suggest that sudden gains and losses are actually preceded by certain early-warning signals (EWSs). We tested whether EWSs in patients? daily self-ratings of the psychotherapeutic process predicted future sudden gains and losses. Data were collected from 328 patients receiving psychotherapy for mood disorders who completed daily self-ratings about their therapeutic process using the Therapy Process Questionnaire (TPQ). Sudden gains and losses were classified from the Problem Intensity scale of the TPQ. The other items of the TPQ were used to compute the EWSs. EWSs predicted an increased probability for sudden gains and losses in a 4-day predictive window. These results show that EWSs can be used for real-time prediction of sudden gains and losses in clinical practice.},
	annotation = {49 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Olthof, Merlijn and Hasselman, Fred and Strunk, Guido and {van Rooij}, Marieke and Aas, Benjamin and Helmich, Marieke A. and Schiepek, G{\"u}nter and {Lichtwarck-Aschoff}, Anna},
	doi = {10.1177/2167702619865969},
	issn = {2167-7026},
	journal = {Clinical Psychological Science},
	month = jan,
	number = {1},
	pages = {25--35},
	publisher = {{SAGE Publications Inc}},
	title = {Critical {{Fluctuations}} as an {{Early-Warning Signal}} for {{Sudden Gains}} and {{Losses}} in {{Patients Receiving Psychotherapy}} for {{Mood Disorders}}},
	urldate = {2023-01-28},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702619865969}}

@book{ooyenRewiringBrainComputational2017,
	abstract = {The adult brain is not as hard-wired as traditionally thought. By modifying their small- or large-scale morphology, neurons can make new synaptic connections or break existing ones (structural plasticity). Structural changes accompany memory formation and learning, and are induced by neurogenesis, neurodegeneration and brain injury such as stroke.  Exploring the role of structural plasticity in the brain can be greatly assisted by mathematical and computational models, as they enable us to bridge the gap between system-level dynamics and lower level cellular and molecular processes. However, most traditional neural network models have fixed neuronal morphologies and a static connectivity pattern, with plasticity merely arising from changes in the strength of existing synapses (synaptic plasticity). In The Rewiring Brain, the editors bring together for the first time contemporary modeling studies that investigate the implications of structural plasticity for brain function and pathology. Starting with an experimental background on structural plasticity in the adult brain, the book covers computational studies on homeostatic structural plasticity, the impact of structural plasticity on cognition and cortical connectivity, the interaction between synaptic and structural plasticity, neurogenesis-related structural plasticity, and structural plasticity in neurological disorders. Structural plasticity adds a whole new dimension to brain plasticity, and The Rewiring Brain shows how computational approaches may help to gain a better understanding of the full adaptive potential of the adult brain. The book is written for both computational and experimental neuroscientists.  Reviews the current state of knowledge of structural plasticity in the adult brain Gives a comprehensive overview of computational studies on structural plasticity Provides insights into the potential driving forces of structural plasticity and the functional implications of structural plasticity for learning and memory Serves as inspiration for developing novel treatment strategies for stimulating functional repair after brain damage},
	author = {van Ooyen, Arjen and {Butz-Ostendorf}, Markus},
	googlebooks = {IZqpDQAAQBAJ},
	isbn = {978-0-12-803872-7},
	keywords = {Psychology / Developmental / Child,Psychology / Developmental / General,Science / Life Sciences / Neuroscience},
	langid = {english},
	month = jun,
	publisher = {{Academic Press}},
	shorttitle = {The {{Rewiring Brain}}},
	title = {The {{Rewiring Brain}}: {{A Computational Approach}} to {{Structural Plasticity}} in the {{Adult Brain}}},
	year = {2017}}

@article{pashlerEditorsIntroductionSpecial2012,
	abstract = {This editorial introduces the special section on replicability in psychological science, within the current issue of Perspectives on Psychological Science. This special section brings together a set of articles that analyze the causes and extent of the replicability problems in psychology and ask what can be done about it. The first nine articles focus principally on diagnosis; the following six articles focus principally on treatment. Those readers who need further motivation to change their research practices are referred to the illustration. The section ends with a stimulating overview. Many of the articles in this special issue make it clear why the replicability problems will not be so easily overcome, as they reflect deep-seated human biases and well-entrenched incentives that shape the behavior of individuals and institutions. It is hoped that the articles in this special section will not only be stimulating and pleasurable to read, but that they will also promote much wider discussion and, ultimately, collective actions that we can take to make our science more reliable and more reputable. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {831 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Pashler, Harold and Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan},
	doi = {10.1177/1745691612465253},
	issn = {1745-6924},
	journal = {Perspectives on Psychological Science},
	keywords = {Behavior,Experimental Replication,Psychologists,Psychology,Social Cognition},
	pages = {528--530},
	publisher = {{Sage Publications}},
	shorttitle = {Editors' Introduction to the Special Section on Replicability in Psychological Science},
	title = {Editors' Introduction to the Special Section on Replicability in Psychological Science: {{A}} Crisis of Confidence?},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2012},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612465253}}

@book{paulosMathematicsHumor2008,
	abstract = {John Allen Paulos cleverly scrutinizes the mathematical structures of jokes, puns, paradoxes, spoonerisms, riddles, and other forms of humor, drawing examples from such sources as Rabelais, Shakespeare, James Beattie, Ren\'e Thom, Lewis Carroll, Arthur Koestler, W. C. Fields, and Woody Allen.  "Jokes, paradoxes, riddles, and the art of non-sequitur are revealed with great perception and insight in this illuminating account of the relationship between humor and mathematics."\textemdash Joseph Williams, New York Times  "'Leave your mind alone,' said a Thurber cartoon, and a really complete and convincing analysis of what humour is might spoil all jokes forever. This book avoids that danger. What it does. . .is describe broadly several kinds of mathematical theory and apply them to throw sidelights on how many kinds of jokes work."\textemdash New Scientist  "Many scholars nowadays write seriously about the ludicrous. Some merely manage to be dull. A few\textemdash like Paulos\textemdash are brilliant in an odd endeavor."\textemdash Los Angeles Times Book Review},
	author = {Paulos, John Allen},
	googlebooks = {NguRFULe3QUC},
	isbn = {978-0-226-65023-4},
	keywords = {Mathematics / General},
	langid = {english},
	month = aug,
	publisher = {{University of Chicago Press}},
	title = {Mathematics and {{Humor}}},
	year = {2008}}

@misc{pavlusClumsyQuestPerfect2016,
	abstract = {Why is it so hard to build a walking robot?},
	author = {Pavlus, John},
	doi = {10.1038/scientificamerican0716-60},
	howpublished = {https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-clumsy-quest-to-perfect-the-walking-robot/},
	journal = {Scientific American},
	langid = {english},
	title = {The {{Clumsy Quest}} to {{Perfect}} the {{Walking Robot}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-14},
	year = {2016},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0716-60}}

@article{penkeEvolutionaryGeneticsPersonality2007,
	abstract = {Genetic influences on personality differences are ubiquitous, but their nature is not well understood. A theoretical framework might help, and can be provided by evolutionary genetics. We assess three evolutionary genetic mechanisms that could explain genetic variance in personality differences: selective neutrality, mutation-selection balance, and balancing selection. Based on evolutionary genetic theory and empirical results from behaviour genetics and personality psychology, we conclude that selective neutrality is largely irrelevant, that mutation-selection balance seems best at explaining genetic variance in intelligence, and that balancing selection by environmental heterogeneity seems best at explaining genetic variance in personality traits. We propose a general model of heritable personality differences that conceptualises intelligence as fitness components and personality traits as individual reaction norms of genotypes across environments, with different fitness consequences in different environmental niches. We also discuss the place of mental health in the model. This evolutionary genetic framework highlights the role of gene-environment interactions in the study of personality, yields new insight into the person-situation-debate and the structure of personality, and has practical implications for both quantitative and molecular genetic studies of personality. Copyright \textcopyright{} 2007 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	annotation = {369 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Penke, Lars and Denissen, Jaap J. A. and Miller, Geoffrey F.},
	doi = {10.1002/per.629},
	issn = {1099-0984},
	journal = {European Journal of Personality},
	keywords = {behaviour genetics,evolutionary psychology,gene-environment interactions,intelligence,personality differences,personality traits},
	langid = {english},
	number = {5},
	pages = {549--587},
	title = {The Evolutionary Genetics of Personality},
	urldate = {2023-03-22},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2007},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1002/per.629}}

@misc{peraltaOpinionDynamicsSocial2022,
	abstract = {Opinions are an integral part of how we perceive the world and each other. They shape collective action, playing a role in democratic processes, the evolution of norms, and cultural change. For decades, researchers in the social and natural sciences have tried to describe how shifting individual perspectives and social exchange lead to archetypal states of public opinion like consensus and polarization. Here we review some of the many contributions to the field, focusing both on idealized models of opinion dynamics, and attempts at validating them with observational data and controlled sociological experiments. By further closing the gap between models and data, these efforts may help us understand how to face current challenges that require the agreement of large groups of people in complex scenarios, such as economic inequality, climate change, and the ongoing fracture of the sociopolitical landscape.},
	archiveprefix = {arxiv},
	author = {Peralta, Antonio F. and Kert{\'e}sz, J{\'a}nos and I{\~n}iguez, Gerardo},
	doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2201.01322},
	eprint = {2201.01322},
	keywords = {Computer Science - Computers and Society,Computer Science - Social and Information Networks,Nonlinear Sciences - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems,Physics - Physics and Society},
	month = dec,
	number = {arXiv:2201.01322},
	primaryclass = {nlin, physics:physics},
	publisher = {{arXiv}},
	shorttitle = {Opinion Dynamics in Social Networks},
	title = {Opinion Dynamics in Social Networks: {{From}} Models to Data},
	urldate = {2023-05-18},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2201.01322}}

@article{percStatisticalPhysicsHuman2017,
	abstract = {Extensive cooperation among unrelated individuals is unique to humans, who often sacrifice personal benefits for the common good and work together to achieve what they are unable to execute alone. The evolutionary success of our species is indeed due, to a large degree, to our unparalleled other-regarding abilities. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of human cooperation remains a formidable challenge. Recent research in the social sciences indicates that it is important to focus on the collective behavior that emerges as the result of the interactions among individuals, groups, and even societies. Non-equilibrium statistical physics, in particular Monte Carlo methods and the theory of collective behavior of interacting particles near phase transition points, has proven to be very valuable for understanding counterintuitive evolutionary outcomes. By treating models of human cooperation as classical spin models, a physicist can draw on familiar settings from statistical physics. However, unlike pairwise interactions among particles that typically govern solid-state physics systems, interactions among humans often involve group interactions, and they also involve a larger number of possible states even for the most simplified description of reality. The complexity of solutions therefore often surpasses that observed in physical systems. Here we review experimental and theoretical research that advances our understanding of human cooperation, focusing on spatial pattern formation, on the spatiotemporal dynamics of observed solutions, and on self-organization that may either promote or hinder socially favorable states.},
	annotation = {912 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Perc, Matja{\v z} and Jordan, Jillian J. and Rand, David G. and Wang, Zhen and Boccaletti, Stefano and Szolnoki, Attila},
	doi = {10.1016/j.physrep.2017.05.004},
	issn = {0370-1573},
	journal = {Physics Reports},
	langid = {english},
	month = may,
	pages = {1--51},
	series = {Statistical Physics of Human Cooperation},
	title = {Statistical Physics of Human Cooperation},
	urldate = {2023-02-16},
	volume = {687},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2017.05.004}}

@misc{petersQualitativeNetworkApproach2022,
	abstract = {Networks are a powerful tool to help understand and model human psychology. However, existing approaches preclude explorative, mostly inductive endeavors. For example, the network approaches that are popular in psychometrics first require knowing which indicators to collect data for; and Epistemic Network Analysis, an approach for qualitative data, requires prior knowledge as to the meaning of code co-occurrences, how to sensibly segment data, and to interpret the results of the applied data reduction procedures. In this contribution, we introduce a qualitative network approach, implemented in the Reproducible Open Coding Kit (ROCK). This approach enables directly coding relationships (of deductively or inductively specified types) between codes in qualitative data, yielding a visual representation of those codes and how they relate to each other.},
	author = {Peters, Gjalt Jorn Ygram and Z{\"o}rg{\H o}, Szilvia and {van der Maas}, Han L. J.},
	copyright = {cc by},
	doi = {10.31234/osf.io/cvf52},
	title = {The {{Qualitative Network Approach}} ({{QNA}}},
	urldate = {2023-04-01},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/cvf52}}

@book{piagetOriginsIntelligenceChildren1952,
	abstract = {This work, a second edition of which has very kindly been requested, was followed by La Construction du r\'eel chez l'enfant and was to have been completed by a study of the genesis of imitation in the child. The latter piece of research, whose publication we have postponed because it is so closely connected with the analysis of play and representational symbolism, appeared in 1945, inserted in a third work, La formation du symbole chez l'enfant. Together these three works form one entity dedicated to the beginnings of intelligence, that is to say, to the various manifestations of sensorimotor intelligence and to the most elementary forms of expression. The theses developed in this volume, which concern in particular the formation of the sensorimotor schemata and the mechanism of mental assimilation, have given rise to much discussion which pleases us and prompts us to thank both our opponents and our sympathizers for their kind interest in our work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{New York, NY, US}},
	author = {Piaget, Jean},
	doi = {10.1037/11494-000},
	editor = {Cook, Margaret},
	keywords = {Assimilation (Cognitive Process),Childhood Play Development,Cognitive Development,Imitation (Learning),Intelligence,Nonverbal Communication,Perceptual Motor Development,Symbolism},
	pages = {419},
	publisher = {{W W Norton \& Co}},
	series = {The Origins of Intelligence in Children},
	title = {The Origins of Intelligence in Children},
	year = {1952},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/11494-000}}

@article{plenzSelfOrganizedCriticalityBrain2021,
	abstract = {Self-organized criticality (SOC) refers to the ability of complex systems to evolve toward a second-order phase transition at which interactions between system components lead to scale-invariant events that are beneficial for system performance. For the last two decades, considerable experimental evidence has accumulated that the mammalian cortex with its diversity in cell types, interconnectivity, and plasticity might exhibit SOC. Here, we review the experimental findings of isolated, layered cortex preparations to self-organize toward four dynamical motifs presently identified in the intact cortex in vivo: up-states, oscillations, neuronal avalanches, and coherence potentials. During up-states, the synchronization observed for nested theta/gamma oscillations embeds scale-invariant neuronal avalanches, which can be identified by robust power law scaling in avalanche sizes with a slope of -3/2 and a critical branching parameter of 1. This precise dynamical coordination, tracked in the negative transients of the local field potential (nLFP) and spiking activity of pyramidal neurons using two-photon imaging, emerges autonomously in superficial layers of organotypic cortex cultures and acute cortex slices, is homeostatically regulated, exhibits separation of time scales, and reveals unique size vs. quiet time dependencies. A subclass of avalanches, the coherence potentials, exhibits precise maintenance of the time course in propagated local synchrony. Avalanches emerge in superficial layers of the cortex under conditions of strong external drive. The balance of excitation and inhibition (E/I), as well as neuromodulators such as dopamine, establishes powerful control parameters for avalanche dynamics. This rich dynamical repertoire is not observed in dissociated cortex cultures, which lack the differentiation into cortical layers and exhibit a dynamical phenotype expected for a first-order phase transition. The precise interactions between up-states, nested oscillations, and avalanches in superficial layers of the cortex provide compelling evidence for SOC in the brain.},
	annotation = {35 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Plenz, Dietmar and Ribeiro, Tiago L. and Miller, Stephanie R. and Kells, Patrick A. and Vakili, Ali and Capek, Elliott L.},
	doi = {10.3389/fphy.2021.639389},
	issn = {2296-424X},
	journal = {Frontiers in Physics},
	title = {Self-{{Organized Criticality}} in the {{Brain}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-10},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2021.639389}}

@article{ploegerStochasticCatastropheAnalysis2002,
	author = {Ploeger, Annemie and {van der Maas}, Han L. J. and Hartelman, Pascal A. I.},
	date-modified = {2024-02-10 18:39:52 +0200},
	doi = {10.3758/BF03196255},
	issn = {1531-5320},
	journal = {Psychonomic Bulletin \& Review},
	langid = {english},
	month = mar,
	number = {1},
	pages = {26--42},
	title = {Stochastic Catastrophe Analysis of Switches in the Perception of Apparent Motion},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2002},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196255}}

@article{poolItHealthyBe1989,
	annotation = {191 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Pool, Robert},
	doi = {10.1126/science.2916117},
	journal = {Science},
	month = feb,
	number = {4891},
	pages = {604--607},
	publisher = {{American Association for the Advancement of Science}},
	title = {Is {{It Healthy}} to {{Be Chaotic}}?},
	urldate = {2023-02-10},
	volume = {243},
	year = {1989},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2916117}}

@book{portMindMotionExplorations1995,
	abstract = {Mind as Motion is the first comprehensive presentation of the dynamical approach to cognition. It contains a representative sampling of original, current research on topics such as perception, motor control, speech and language, decision making, and development. Included are chapters by pioneers of the approach, as well as others applying the tools of dynamics to a wide range of new problems. Throughout, particular attention is paid to the philosophical foundations of this radical new research program.},
	author = {Port, Robert F. and Gelder, Timothy Van},
	googlebooks = {e6HUM6V8QbQC},
	isbn = {978-0-262-16150-3},
	keywords = {Psychology / Cognitive Psychology \& Cognition,Science / General},
	langid = {english},
	publisher = {{MIT Press}},
	shorttitle = {Mind as {{Motion}}},
	title = {Mind as {{Motion}}: {{Explorations}} in the {{Dynamics}} of {{Cognition}}},
	year = {1995}}

@article{posternakUntreatedShorttermCourse2001,
	abstract = {Introduction: While the short-term response rates to antidepressant medication and placebo are well established, very little is known about the short-term course of untreated depression. Knowledge of the course of untreated depression can serve as a benchmark for assessing the true benefits of active treatment. Method: A meta-analysis was performed analyzing the outcomes of all psychotherapy studies that randomized adult outpatients with major depressive disorder to a wait-list control group. Results: Nineteen studies involving 221 subjects were reviewed. The mean decrease in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores over 2\textendash 20 weeks was 11.9\%, while the mean decrease in Beck Depression Inventory scores was 15.7\%. Using a subsample of studies that reported individual outcomes, we estimated that 15 of 76 subjects (19.7\%) improved to a degree comparable to what would be considered a positive response in antidepressant trials. Conclusions: In the short-term, depressive symptomatology can be expected to decrease by about 10\textendash 15\% on average without treatment. As many as 20\% of subjects who participate in a short-term antidepressant trial may experience a spontaneous remission.},
	annotation = {139 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Posternak, Michael A. and Miller, Ivan},
	doi = {10.1016/S0165-0327(00)00304-9},
	issn = {0165-0327},
	journal = {Journal of Affective Disorders},
	langid = {english},
	month = oct,
	number = {2},
	pages = {139--146},
	shorttitle = {Untreated Short-Term Course of Major Depression},
	title = {Untreated Short-Term Course of Major Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Outcomes from Studies Using Wait-List Control Groups},
	urldate = {2023-04-01},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2001},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(00)00304-9}}

@book{postonCatastropheTheoryIts2014,
	author = {Poston, Tim and Stewart, Ian},
	isbn = {978-0-486-14378-1},
	langid = {english},
	month = may,
	publisher = {{Courier Corporation}},
	title = {Catastrophe {{Theory}} and {{Its Applications}}},
	year = {2014}}

@article{pritchardMeasuringChaosBrain1992,
	abstract = {Nonlinear dynamical systems that are open, dissipative, and subject to strong non-equilibrium constraints are capable of self-organization, the spontaneous emergence of large scaJe, complex behavior (Nicolis \& Prigogine, 1989). One variety of self-organization that can be produced by such systems is deterministic chaos (popularly, ``chaos''). Although chaos was first described by Poincar6 in the 1800s, recent years have witnessed major developments in the physics of chaotic systems (Crutchfield, Farmer, Packard, \& Shaw, 1986; Eubank \& Farmer, 1990; Glass \& Mackey, 1988; Gleick, 1987; Guevara, Glass, Mackey, \& Shrier, 1983; Middleton, 1990; Schuster, 1988; Stewart, 1989; Tsonis \& Tsonis, 1989; van Rossum \& de Bie, 1991). Beginning in the mid 1980s, scientists began to apply chaos theory to the human electroencephalogram, or EEG (Albano et al., 1986; Babloyantz \& Destexhe, 1986; Bab-loyantz, Salazar, \& Nicolis, 1985; Dvo\v{r}\'ak \& \v{S}I\v{s}ka, 1986; Dvo\v{r}\'ak, \v{S}I\v{s}ka, Wackermann, Hrudov\'a, \& Dost\'alek, 1986; Holzfuss \& Mayer-Kress, 1986; Layne, Mayer-Kress, \& Holzfuss, 1986; Rapp et al., 1985; for pioneering thoughts, see Basar, 1983a, 1983b; this literature will be reviewed in greater detail below).},
	annotation = {133 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {s. Pritchard, Walter and w. Duke, Dennis},
	doi = {10.3109/00207459208994774},
	issn = {0020-7454},
	journal = {International Journal of Neuroscience},
	keywords = {chaos,complex systems,correlation dimension,EEG analysis,Lyapunov exponent,nonlinear dynamics},
	month = jan,
	number = {1-4},
	pages = {31--80},
	pmid = {1305639},
	publisher = {{Taylor \& Francis}},
	shorttitle = {Measuring {{Chaos}} in the {{Brain}}},
	title = {Measuring {{Chaos}} in the {{Brain}}: {{A Tutorial Review}} of {{Nonlinear Dynamical Eeg Analysis}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-10},
	volume = {67},
	year = {1992},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.3109/00207459208994774}}

@article{proskurnikovTutorialModelingAnalysis2017,
	abstract = {In recent years, we have observed a significant trend towards filling the gap between social network analysis and control. This trend was enabled by the introduction of new mathematical models describing dynamics of social groups, the advancement in complex networks theory and multi-agent systems, and the development of modern computational tools for big data analysis. The aim of this tutorial is to highlight a novel chapter of control theory, dealing with applications to social systems, to the attention of the broad research community. This paper is the first part of the tutorial, and it is focused on the most classical models of social dynamics and on their relations to the recent achievements in multi-agent systems.},
	annotation = {244 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Proskurnikov, Anton V. and Tempo, Roberto},
	doi = {10.1016/j.arcontrol.2017.03.002},
	issn = {1367-5788},
	journal = {Annual Reviews in Control},
	keywords = {Distributed algorithms,Multi-agent systems,Opinion dynamics,Social network},
	langid = {english},
	month = jan,
	pages = {65--79},
	title = {A Tutorial on Modeling and Analysis of Dynamic Social Networks. {{Part I}}},
	urldate = {2023-04-23},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcontrol.2017.03.002}}

@article{proskurnikovTutorialModelingAnalysis2018,
	abstract = {Recent years have witnessed a significant trend towards filling the gap between Social Network Analysis (SNA) and control theory. This trend was enabled by the introduction of new mathematical models describing dynamics of social groups, the development of algorithms and software for data analysis and the tremendous progress in understanding complex networks and multi-agent systems (MAS) dynamics. The aim of this tutorial is to highlight a novel chapter of control theory, dealing with dynamic models of social networks and processes over them, to the attention of the broad research community. In its first part (Proskurnikov \& Tempo, 2017), we have considered the most classical models of social dynamics, which have anticipated and to a great extent inspired the recent extensive studies on MAS and complex networks. This paper is the second part of the tutorial, and it is focused on more recent models of social processes that have been developed concurrently with MAS theory. Future perspectives of control in social and techno-social systems are also discussed.},
	annotation = {148 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Proskurnikov, Anton V. and Tempo, Roberto},
	doi = {10.1016/j.arcontrol.2018.03.005},
	issn = {1367-5788},
	journal = {Annual Reviews in Control},
	keywords = {Distributed algorithms,Multi-agent systems,Opinion dynamics,Social network},
	langid = {english},
	month = jan,
	pages = {166--190},
	title = {A Tutorial on Modeling and Analysis of Dynamic Social Networks. {{Part II}}},
	urldate = {2023-04-23},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcontrol.2018.03.005}}

@article{rainerOpinionDynamicsBounded2002,
	author = {Rainer, Hegselmann and Krause, Ulrich},
	journal = {Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation},
	keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
	number = {3},
	shorttitle = {Opinion {{Dynamics}} and {{Bounded Confidence}}},
	title = {Opinion {{Dynamics}} and {{Bounded Confidence}}: {{Models}}, {{Analysis}} and {{Simulation}}},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2002}}

@book{rapoportFightsGamesDebates1960,
	abstract = {A scientifically grounded method by which we can understand human conflict in all its forms},
	author = {Rapoport, Anatol},
	googlebooks = {h30pcsNDD80C},
	isbn = {978-0-472-08741-9},
	langid = {english},
	publisher = {{University of Michigan Press}},
	title = {Fights, {{Games}}, and {{Debates}}},
	year = {1960}}

@article{ratcliffDiffusionDecisionModel2016,
	abstract = {There is growing interest in diffusion models to represent the cognitive and neural processes of speeded decision making. Sequential-sampling models like the diffusion model have a long history in psychology. They view decision making as a process of noisy accumulation of evidence from a stimulus. The standard model assumes that evidence accumulates at a constant rate during the second or two it takes to make a decision. This process can be linked to the behaviors of populations of neurons and to theories of optimality. Diffusion models have been used successfully in a range of cognitive tasks and as psychometric tools in clinical research to examine individual differences. In this review, we relate the models to both earlier and more recent research in psychology.},
	annotation = {792 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Ratcliff, Roger and Smith, Philip L. and Brown, Scott D. and McKoon, Gail},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2016.01.007},
	issn = {1364-6613},
	journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
	keywords = {diffusion model,nonstationarity,optimality,response time},
	langid = {english},
	month = apr,
	number = {4},
	pages = {260--281},
	shorttitle = {Diffusion {{Decision Model}}},
	title = {Diffusion {{Decision Model}}: {{Current Issues}} and {{History}}},
	urldate = {2023-03-15},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2016},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2016.01.007}}

@article{readDepressionWhyDrugs2022,
	abstract = {The dominant view within mental health services and research suggests that feeling depressed is a kind of medical illness, partially caused by various biological deficits which are somehow corrected by physical interventions. This article critically appraises evidence for the effectiveness and value of antidepressant drugs and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), the two principle physical treatments recommended for depression. It also describes the negative effects of these interventions and raises concerns about how they impact the brain. We propose an alternative understanding that recognises depression as an emotional and meaningful response to unwanted life events and circumstances. This perspective demands that we address the social conditions that make depression likely and suggests that a combination of politics and common sense needs to guide us in providing help for one another when we are suffering in this way. This alternative view is increasingly endorsed around the world, including by the United Nations, the World Health Organization and service users who have suffered negative consequences of physical treatments that modify brain functions in ways that are not well-understood.},
	annotation = {8 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Read, John and Moncrieff, Joanna},
	doi = {10.1017/S0033291721005031},
	issn = {0033-2917, 1469-8978},
	journal = {Psychological Medicine},
	keywords = {adverse effects,antidepressants,Depression,electroconvulsive therapy,placebo},
	langid = {english},
	month = jun,
	number = {8},
	pages = {1401--1410},
	publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
	shorttitle = {Depression},
	title = {Depression: Why Drugs and Electricity Are Not the Answer},
	urldate = {2023-03-31},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721005031}}

@article{rednerRealityinspiredVoterModels2019,
	abstract = {This mini-review presents extensions of the voter model that incorporate various plausible features of real decision-making processes by individuals. Although these generalizations are not calibrated by empirical data, the resulting dynamics are suggestive of realistic collective social behaviors. R\'esum\'e Cette mini-revue pr\'esente des extensions du mod\`ele de l'\'electeur qui int\`egrent divers \'el\'ements plausibles des processus r\'eels de prise de d\'ecision par des individus. Bien que ces g\'en\'eralisations ne soient pas calibr\'ees par des donn\'ees empiriques, la dynamique qui en r\'esulte sugg\`ere des comportements sociaux collectifs r\'ealistes.},
	annotation = {80 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Redner, Sidney},
	doi = {10.1016/j.crhy.2019.05.004},
	issn = {1631-0705},
	journal = {Comptes Rendus Physique},
	keywords = {Dynamique non conserv\'ee,\'Etats multiples,H\'et\'erog\'en\'eit\'e,Heterogeneity,Majority rule,Mod\`ele de l'\'electeur,Multiple states,Networks,Non-conserved dynamics,R\`egle de la majorit\'e,R\'eseaux,Voter model},
	langid = {english},
	month = may,
	number = {4},
	pages = {275--292},
	shorttitle = {Reality-Inspired Voter Models},
	title = {Reality-Inspired Voter Models: {{A}} Mini-Review},
	urldate = {2023-04-10},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crhy.2019.05.004}}

@article{reherDynamicWalkingAgile2021,
	abstract = {Dynamic walking on bipedal robots has evolved from an idea in science fiction to a practical reality. This is due to continued progress in three key areas: a mathematical understanding of locomotion, the computational ability to encode this mathematics through optimization, and the hardware capable of realizing this understanding in practice. In this context, this review outlines the end-to-end process of methods that have proven effective in the literature for achieving dynamic walking on bipedal robots. We begin by introducing mathematical models of locomotion, from reduced-order models that capture essential walking behaviors to hybrid dynamical systems that encode the full-order continuous dynamics along with discrete foot-strike dynamics. These models form the basis for gait generation via (nonlinear) optimization problems. Finally, models and their generated gaits merge in the context of real-time control, wherein walking behaviors are translated to hardware. The concepts presented are illustrated throughout in simulation, and experimental instantiations on multiple walking platforms are highlighted to demonstrate the ability to realize dynamic walking on bipedal robots that is both agile and efficient.},
	annotation = {19 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Reher, Jenna and Ames, Aaron D.},
	doi = {10.1146/annurev-control-071020-045021},
	journal = {Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems},
	keywords = {bipedal robots,control theory,dynamic walking,hybrid systems,optimization,robotics},
	number = {1},
	pages = {535--572},
	shorttitle = {Dynamic {{Walking}}},
	title = {Dynamic {{Walking}}: {{Toward Agile}} and {{Efficient Bipedal Robots}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-14},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-071020-045021}}

@article{remmerswaalImpairedSubjectiveSelfcontrol2019,
	abstract = {Background While both theory and empirical findings have supported impaired self-control as a crucial factor in understanding problem drinking, little is known about the relationship of self-control and drinking in naturalistic settings. The present study uses Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to examine the predictive relationships between impaired subjective self-control, craving and alcohol use in everyday life. Methods A sample of 172 regular drinkers responded on their smartphone to three random prompts each day for seven days in which amount of perceived self-control and craving were measured with self-report. In the meantime, participants were instructed to initiate an EMA report when they started drinking alcohol. Results Findings supported the hypotheses that impaired self-control and higher craving levels were prospectively related to the likelihood that people will drink. That is, on random assessments that preceded drinking (i.e., were within two hours of drinking), perceived self-control was lower and craving was higher compared to random assessments that were not followed by drinking. Additionally, during drink consumption, impaired self-control and craving were associated with a higher amount of expected alcohol consumption. Findings further indicated that subjective self-control acted as a moderator of the relationship between craving and alcohol consumption during drinking occasions. Conclusions By using a smartphone mobile application, this study showed that impaired subjective self-control and craving are prospectively related to alcohol use in the real-world. Furthermore, findings are consistent with theories of addiction that substance use might be associated with the interplay of control processes and increased motivation.},
	annotation = {15 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Remmerswaal, Danielle and Jongerling, Joran and Jansen, Pauline J. and Eielts, Charly and Franken, Ingmar H. A.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.04.043},
	issn = {0376-8716},
	journal = {Drug and Alcohol Dependence},
	keywords = {Alcohol,Craving,Ecological momentary assessment,Subjective control},
	langid = {english},
	month = nov,
	pages = {107479},
	shorttitle = {Impaired Subjective Self-Control in Alcohol Use},
	title = {Impaired Subjective Self-Control in Alcohol Use: {{An}} Ecological Momentary Assessment Study},
	urldate = {2023-03-16},
	volume = {204},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.04.043}}

@incollection{rendellGameLifeUniversal2016,
	abstract = {This chapter presents a universal Turing machineTuring machineUniversal Turing machine built from patterns in Conway's Game of LifeGame of Lifecellular automatonCellular automatonby the author. A universal Turing machineTuring machineprogram designed to demonstrate this machine is described. It runs in polynomial time. A larger example Turing machineTuring machinepresented which demonstrates the speed of the universal Turing machine.Turing machineUniversal Turing machine The rebuilding the Turing machineTuring machineof Chap.~4Turing machine with newer tools and expanding it to hold the universal Turing machineTuring machineUniversal Turing machine program is also described.},
	address = {{Cham}},
	author = {Rendell, Paul},
	booktitle = {Turing {{Machine Universality}} of the {{Game}} of {{Life}}},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-19842-2_5},
	editor = {Rendell, Paul},
	isbn = {978-3-319-19842-2},
	keywords = {Machine Tape,stackStack,transitionsTransition,Turing machineTuring Machine,Universal Turing},
	langid = {english},
	pages = {71--89},
	publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}},
	series = {Emergence, {{Complexity}} and {{Computation}}},
	title = {Game of {{Life Universal Turing Machine}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-02},
	year = {2016},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19842-2_5}}

@article{reppSensorimotorSynchronizationReview2013,
	abstract = {Sensorimotor synchronization (SMS) is the coordination of rhythmic movement with an external rhythm, ranging from finger tapping in time with a metronome to musical ensemble performance. An earlier review (Repp, 2005) covered tapping studies; two additional reviews (Repp, 2006a, b) focused on music performance and on rate limits of SMS, respectively. The present article supplements and extends these earlier reviews by surveying more recent research in what appears to be a burgeoning field. The article comprises four parts, dealing with (1) conventional tapping studies, (2) other forms of moving in synchrony with external rhythms (including dance and nonhuman animals' synchronization abilities), (3) interpersonal synchronization (including musical ensemble performance), and (4) the neuroscience of SMS. It is evident that much new knowledge about SMS has been acquired in the last 7~years.},
	annotation = {671 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Repp, Bruno H. and Su, Yi-Huang},
	doi = {10.3758/s13423-012-0371-2},
	issn = {1531-5320},
	journal = {Psychonomic Bulletin \& Review},
	langid = {english},
	month = jun,
	number = {3},
	pages = {403--452},
	shorttitle = {Sensorimotor Synchronization},
	title = {Sensorimotor Synchronization: {{A}} Review of Recent Research (2006\textendash 2012)},
	urldate = {2023-02-13},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2013},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-012-0371-2}}

@article{rinaldiLoveDynamicsCase1998,
	abstract = {This paper proposes a minimal model composed of two ordinary differential equations to describe the dynamics of love between two individuals. The equations take into account three mechanisms of love growth and decay: the pleasure of being loved (return), the reaction to the partner's appeal (instinct), and the forgetting processes (oblivion). Under suitable assumptions on the behavior of the individuals, the model turns out to be a positive linear system enjoying, as such, a number of remarkable properties, which are in agreement with common wisdom on the argument. These properties are used to explore the consequences that individual behavior can have on the community structure. The main result along this line is that individual appeal is the driving force that creates order in the community. Possible extensions of this theory of linear love dynamics are briefly discussed.},
	annotation = {41 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Rinaldi, Sergio},
	doi = {10.1016/S0096-3003(97)10081-9},
	issn = {0096-3003},
	journal = {Applied Mathematics and Computation},
	keywords = {Frobenius theorem,Linear systems,Love dynamics,Population structures,Positive systems},
	langid = {english},
	month = sep,
	number = {2},
	pages = {181--192},
	shorttitle = {Love Dynamics},
	title = {Love Dynamics: {{The}} Case of Linear Couples},
	urldate = {2023-02-27},
	volume = {95},
	year = {1998},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0096-3003(97)10081-9}}

@article{robertsMetastableBrainWaves2019,
	abstract = {Traveling patterns of neuronal activity\textemdash brain waves\textemdash have been observed across a breadth of neuronal recordings, states of awareness, and species, but their emergence in the human brain lacks a firm understanding. Here we analyze the complex nonlinear dynamics that emerge from modeling large-scale spontaneous neural activity on a whole-brain network derived from human tractography. We find a rich array of three-dimensional wave patterns, including traveling waves, spiral waves, sources, and sinks. These patterns are metastable, such that multiple spatiotemporal wave patterns are visited in sequence. Transitions between states correspond to reconfigurations of underlying phase flows, characterized by nonlinear instabilities. These metastable dynamics accord with empirical data from multiple imaging modalities, including electrical waves in cortical tissue, sequential spatiotemporal patterns in resting-state MEG data, and large-scale waves in human electrocorticography. By moving the study of functional networks from a spatially static to an inherently dynamic (wave-like) frame, our work unifies apparently diverse phenomena across functional neuroimaging modalities and makes specific predictions for further experimentation.},
	annotation = {138 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Roberts, James A. and Gollo, Leonardo L. and Abeysuriya, Romesh G. and Roberts, Gloria and Mitchell, Philip B. and Woolrich, Mark W. and Breakspear, Michael},
	copyright = {2019 The Author(s)},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-019-08999-0},
	issn = {2041-1723},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	keywords = {Cognitive neuroscience,Computational neuroscience},
	langid = {english},
	month = mar,
	number = {1},
	pages = {1056},
	publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
	title = {Metastable Brain Waves},
	urldate = {2023-02-11},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08999-0}}

@book{robertsonChaosTheoryPsychology2014,
	abstract = {This book represents the best of the first three years of the Society for Chaos Theory in Psychology conferences. While chaos theory has been a topic of considerable interest in the physical and biological sciences, its applications in psychology and related fields have been obscured until recently by its complexity. Nevertheless, a small but rapidly growing community of psychologists, neurobiologists, sociologists, mathematicians, and philosophers have been coming together to discuss its implications and explore its research possibilities.   Chaos theory has been termed the first authentic paradigm shift since the advent of quantum physics. Whether this is true or not, it unquestionably bears profound implications for many fields of thought. These include the cognitive analysis of the mind, the nature of personality, the dynamics of psychotherapy and counseling, understanding brain events and behavioral records, the dynamics of social organization, and the psychology of prediction. To each of these topics, chaos theory brings the perspective of dynamic self-organizing processes of exquisite complexity. Behavior, the nervous system, and social processes exhibit many of the classical characteristics of chaotic systems -- they are deterministic and globally predictable and yet do not submit to precise predictability.   This volume is the first to explore ideas from chaos theory in a broad, psychological perspective. Its introduction, by the prominent neuroscientist Walter Freeman, sets the tone for diverse discussions of the role of chaos theory in behavioral research, the study of personality, psychotherapy and counseling, mathematical cognitive psychology, social organization, systems philosophy, and the understanding of the brain.},
	address = {{New York}},
	doi = {10.4324/9781315806280},
	editor = {Robertson, Robin and Combs, Allan},
	isbn = {978-1-315-80628-0},
	month = jul,
	publisher = {{Psychology Press}},
	title = {Chaos Theory in {{Psychology}} and the {{Life Sciences}}},
	year = {2014},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315806280}}

@misc{robinaughAdvancingNetworkTheory2019,
	abstract = {The network theory of psychopathology posits that mental disorders are complex systems of mutually reinforcing symptoms. This overarching framework has proven highly generative but does not specify precisely how any specific mental disorder operates as such a system. We address this gap in the literature by developing a network theory of Panic Disorder and formalizing that theory as a computational model. We first review prior psychological theory and research on Panic Disorder in order to identify its core components as well as the plausible causal relations among those components. We then construct and evaluate a computational model of Panic Disorder as a non-linear dynamical system. We show that this model can explain a great deal, including individual differences in the propensity to experience panic attacks, key phenomenological characteristics of those attacks, the onset of Panic Disorder, and the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy. We also show that the model identifies significant gaps in our understanding of Panic Disorder and propose a theory-driven research agenda for Panic Disorder that follows from our evaluation of the model. We conclude by discussing the implications of the model for how we understand and investigate mental disorders as complex systems.},
	annotation = {32 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Robinaugh, Donald J. and Haslbeck, Jonas and Waldorp, Lourens J. and Kossakowski, Jolanda and Fried, Eiko I. and Millner, Alex and McNally, Richard J. and Ryan, Ois{\'\i}n and {de Ron}, Jill and {van der Maas}, Han L. J. and van Nes, Egbert H. and Scheffer, Marten and Kendler, Kenneth S. and Borsboom, Denny},
	doi = {10.31234/osf.io/km37w},
	keywords = {Anxiety Disorders,Clinical Psychology,Complex System,Computational Model,Mental Disorders,Network Theory,Panic Disorder,Psychiatry,Psychopathology,Psychotherapy,Social and Behavioral Sciences,Theory and Philosophy of Science,Theory Development},
	langid = {american},
	month = may,
	publisher = {{PsyArXiv}},
	shorttitle = {Advancing the {{Network Theory}} of {{Mental Disorders}}},
	title = {Advancing the {{Network Theory}} of {{Mental Disorders}}: {{A Computational Model}} of {{Panic Disorder}}},
	urldate = {2023-03-02},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/km37w}}

@article{robinaughNetworkApproachPsychopathology2020,
	abstract = {The network approach to psychopathology posits that mental disorders can be conceptualized and studied as causal systems of mutually reinforcing symptoms. This approach, first posited in 2008, has grown substantially over the past decade and is now a full-fledged area of psychiatric research. In this article, we provide an overview and critical analysis of 363 articles produced in the first decade of this research program, with a focus on key theoretical, methodological, and empirical contributions. In addition, we turn our attention to the next decade of the network approach and propose critical avenues for future research in each of these domains. We argue that this program of research will be best served by working toward two overarching aims: (a) the identification of robust empirical phenomena and (b) the development of formal theories that can explain those phenomena. We recommend specific steps forward within this broad framework and argue that these steps are necessary if the network approach is to develop into a progressive program of research capable of producing a cumulative body of knowledge about how specific mental disorders operate as causal systems.},
	annotation = {235 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Robinaugh, Donald J. and Hoekstra, Ria H. A. and Toner, Emma R. and Borsboom, Denny},
	doi = {10.1017/S0033291719003404},
	issn = {0033-2917, 1469-8978},
	journal = {Psychological Medicine},
	keywords = {Causal systems,network approach,network psychometrics,network theory,psychopathology,symptom networks},
	langid = {english},
	month = feb,
	number = {3},
	pages = {353--366},
	publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
	shorttitle = {The Network Approach to Psychopathology},
	title = {The Network Approach to Psychopathology: A Review of the Literature 2008\textendash 2018 and an Agenda for Future Research},
	urldate = {2023-03-25},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291719003404}}

@misc{ronGeneralModellingFramework2023,
	abstract = {Although multiple differences between typically and atypically developing children have been robustly observed in empirical studies, we lack a unified theoretical framework on how these observed differences in cognitive phenotypes might arise. Here, we introduce a first step to- wards such a framework based on an extension of the mutualistic network model, which conceptualizes cognitive development in terms of reciprocal interactions between cognitive processes that promote each other's growth. We extend the mutualistic network model with dy- namic mechanisms of competition for limited resources, such as time and environmental factors. By doing so, the modelling framework defines both an empirical and theoretical research agenda. We show that this relatively simple model generates patterns of development that potentially explain five established phenomena in cognitive development: (1) developmental phases, (2) slower cognitive development in atypical cohorts, (3) lack of early indicators for atypical development, (4) developmental regression in the autistic profile, and (5) "quasi-autism" caused by extreme environmental deprivation. Theoretically, the presented framework fits a generic movement towards formal theory con- struction. The model can easily be reproduced and developed further through our openly available code, and we offer several paths forward in doing so.},
	annotation = {0 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	archiveprefix = {OSF Preprints},
	author = {{de Ron}, Jill and Deserno, Marie and Robinaugh, Donald J. and Borsboom, Denny and {van der Maas}, Han L. J.},
	doi = {10.31219/osf.io/sh6w7},
	keywords = {Developmental Psychology,Psychology,Social and Behavioral Sciences},
	langid = {american},
	month = may,
	publisher = {{OSF Preprints}},
	title = {Towards a {{General Modelling Framework}} of {{Resource Competition}} in {{Cognitive Development}}},
	urldate = {2023-06-25},
	year = {2023},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/sh6w7}}

@article{rosencransNetworkApproachPosttraumatic2021,
	abstract = {Objective: Trauma-related fear (e.g., reexperiencing), impaired reward (e.g., anhedonia), and interpersonal (e.g., detachment) processes may be functionally intertwined, giving rise to chronic psychopathology after a trauma. Network analyses can help pinpoint symptom drivers and treatment targets, but studies examining posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment-seeking individuals are lacking. Method: Treatment-seeking adults with primary PTSD (N = 350) completed interview and self-report measures of PTSD severity (PSS-I; PSS-SR). Self-report and interview-based networks were estimated and compared. Results: Both networks suggested distinct but interconnected communities of reexperiencing and dysphoric symptoms (e.g., interpersonal detachment, numbing). Centrality profiles were strongly associated across networks (rs = .71), with cued reexperiencing and interpersonal detachment showing strong centrality. Self-reported symptoms were more interconnected, suggesting lower specificity. Conclusions: For those seeking treatment, interrelated fear and interpersonal processes may drive functional impairment in PTSD, and interview-based networks may help better delineate influential symptoms. Therapeutically, targeting cued reexperiencing and interpersonal detachment may facilitate broader symptom decreases. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {0 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Rosencrans, Peter L. and Zoellner, Lori A. and Feeny, Norah C.},
	doi = {10.1037/tra0001151},
	issn = {1942-969X},
	journal = {Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy},
	keywords = {Health Care Seeking Behavior,Interpersonal Interaction,Interviews,Posttraumatic Stress Disorder,Rewards,Self-Report,Symptoms,Trauma,Treatment},
	pages = {No Pagination Specified-No Pagination Specified},
	publisher = {{Educational Publishing Foundation}},
	shorttitle = {A Network Approach to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder},
	title = {A Network Approach to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: {{Comparing}} Interview and Self-Report Networks},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001151}}

@article{rosserRiseFallCatastrophe2007,
	author = {Rosser, J. Barkley},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jedc.2006.09.013},
	issn = {0165-1889},
	journal = {Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control},
	langid = {english},
	month = oct,
	number = {10},
	pages = {3255--3280},
	title = {The Rise and Fall of Catastrophe Theory Applications in Economics: {{Was}} the Baby Thrown out with the Bathwater?},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2007},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2006.09.013}}

@article{roxinNeurobiologicalModelsTwoChoice2008,
	abstract = {The response behaviors in many two-alternative choice tasks are well described by so-called sequential sampling models. In these models, the evidence for each one of the two alternatives accumulates over time until it reaches a threshold, at which point a response is made. At the neurophysiological level, single neuron data recorded while monkeys are engaged in two-alternative choice tasks are well described by winner-take-all network models in which the two choices are represented in the firing rates of separate populations of neurons. Here, we show that such nonlinear network models can generally be reduced to a one-dimensional nonlinear diffusion equation, which bears functional resemblance to standard sequential sampling models of behavior. This reduction gives the functional dependence of performance and reaction-times on external inputs in the original system, irrespective of the system details. What is more, the nonlinear diffusion equation can provide excellent fits to behavioral data from two-choice decision making tasks by varying these external inputs. This suggests that changes in behavior under various experimental conditions, e.g. changes in stimulus coherence or response deadline, are driven by internal modulation of afferent inputs to putative decision making circuits in the brain. For certain model systems one can analytically derive the nonlinear diffusion equation, thereby mapping the original system parameters onto the diffusion equation coefficients. Here, we illustrate this with three model systems including coupled rate equations and a network of spiking neurons.},
	annotation = {104 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Roxin, Alex and Ledberg, Anders},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000046},
	issn = {1553-7358},
	journal = {PLOS Computational Biology},
	keywords = {Animal behavior,Behavior,Decision making,Neural networks,Neurons,Nonlinear dynamics,Nonlinear systems,Reaction time},
	langid = {english},
	month = mar,
	number = {3},
	pages = {e1000046},
	publisher = {{Public Library of Science}},
	title = {Neurobiological {{Models}} of {{Two-Choice Decision Making Can Be Reduced}} to a {{One-Dimensional Nonlinear Diffusion Equation}}},
	urldate = {2023-03-15},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2008},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000046}}

@incollection{rutjensChapterThreeAttitudes2018,
	abstract = {As science continues to progress, attitudes toward science seem to become ever more polarized. Whereas some put their faith in science, others routinely reject and dismiss scientific evidence. This chapter provides an integration of recent research on how people evaluate science. We organize our chapter along three research topics that are most relevant to this goal: ideology, motivation, and morality. We review the relations of political and religious ideologies to science attitudes, discuss the psychological functions and motivational underpinnings of belief in science, and describe work looking at the role of morality when evaluating science and scientists. In the final part of the chapter, we apply what we know about science evaluations to the current crisis of faith in science and the open science movement. Here, we also take into account the increased accessibility and popularization of science and the (perceived) relations between science and industry.},
	author = {Rutjens, Bastiaan T. and Heine, Steven J. and Sutton, Robbie M. and {van Harreveld}, Frenk},
	booktitle = {Advances in {{Experimental Social Psychology}}},
	doi = {10.1016/bs.aesp.2017.08.001},
	editor = {Olson, James M.},
	keywords = {Antiscience,Belief in science,Control,Existential meaning,Ideology,Morality,Motivation,Open science,Order,Popularization of science,Religion,Science},
	langid = {english},
	month = jan,
	pages = {125--165},
	publisher = {{Academic Press}},
	title = {Chapter {{Three}} - {{Attitudes Towards Science}}},
	urldate = {2023-04-20},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aesp.2017.08.001}}

@article{ryanChallengeGeneratingCausal2022,
	abstract = {Statistical network models based on Pairwise Markov Random Fields (PMRFs) are popular tools for analyzing multivariate psychological data, in large part due to their perceived role in generating insights into causal relationships: a practice known as causal discovery in the causal modeling literature. However, since network models are not presented as causal discovery tools, the role they play in generating causal insights is poorly understood among empirical researchers. In this paper, we provide a treatment of how PMRFs such as the Gaussian Graphical Model (GGM) work as causal discovery tools, using Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) and Structural Equation Models (SEMs) as causal models. We describe the key assumptions needed for causal discovery and show the equivalence class of causal models that networks identify from data. We clarify four common misconceptions found in the empirical literature relating to networks as causal skeletons; chains of relationships; collider bias; and cyclic causal models.},
	annotation = {3 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Ryan, Ois{\'\i}n and Bringmann, Laura F. and Schuurman, No{\'e}mi K.},
	doi = {10.1080/10705511.2022.2056039},
	issn = {1070-5511},
	journal = {Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal},
	keywords = {Causal hypotheses,conditional dependence,directed acyclic graph (DAG),Gaussian graphical model,network approach,statistical equivalence},
	month = nov,
	number = {6},
	pages = {953--970},
	publisher = {{Routledge}},
	title = {The {{Challenge}} of {{Generating Causal Hypotheses Using Network Models}}},
	urldate = {2023-04-01},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2022.2056039}}

@article{sachisthalIntroducingScienceInterest2019,
	abstract = {In this article, a science interest network model (SINM) is introduced and a first empirical test of the model is presented. The SINM models interest as a dynamic relational construct, in which different interest components, that is, affective, behavioral, and cognitive components and related motivational components mutually reinforce one another within the development of interest. The dynamical relational perspective hypothesizes that the mutual interactions between interest components underlie the development of interest. Applying the SINM to the PISA 2015 data of 2 countries, that is, the Netherlands and Colombia, we were able to not only illuminate the structure of interactions between the different variables (i.e., indicators) in the networks of different groups of adolescents but we could also make predictions about which variables are of structural importance within the interest construct and as such worthwhile to test as potential candidates for intervention. Additionally, we were able to replicate earlier findings of the literature, namely that (a) enjoyment is central within the interest network and that (b) important structural differences exist in the interest network across countries, which, for instance, point to differences in domain specificity of interest between countries. While the network approach is sensitive to structural differences in science interest across countries, the network structure is stable across subgroups within countries. Future studies are proposed to test theoretically important assumptions of a dynamical perspective on interest, such as the causal role of different interest components in the development of interest. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {15 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Sachisthal, Maien S. M. and Jansen, Brenda R. J. and Peetsma, Thea T. D. and Dalege, Jonas and {van der Maas}, Han L. J. and Raijmakers, Maartje E. J.},
	doi = {10.1037/edu0000327},
	issn = {1939-2176},
	journal = {Journal of Educational Psychology},
	keywords = {Adolescent Development,Cognitive Development,Countries,Emotional Development,Models,Pleasure,Predictability (Measurement),Self-Efficacy},
	pages = {1063--1080},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	title = {Introducing a Science Interest Network Model to Reveal Country Differences},
	volume = {111},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000327}}

@article{salaFarTransferCognitive2019,
	abstract = {Theory building in science requires replication and integration of findings regarding a particular research question. Second-order meta-analysis (i.e., a meta-analysis of meta-analyses) offers a powerful tool for achieving this aim, and we use this technique to illuminate the controversial field of cognitive training. Recent replication attempts and large meta-analytic investigations have shown that the benefits of cognitive-training programs hardly go beyond the trained task and similar tasks. However, it is yet to be established whether the effects differ across cognitive-training programs and populations (children, adults, and older adults). We addressed this issue by using second-order meta-analysis. In Models 1 (k = 99) and 2 (k = 119), we investigated the impact of working-memory training on near-transfer (i.e., memory) and far-transfer (e.g., reasoning, speed, and language) measures, respectively, and whether it is mediated by the type of population. Model 3 (k = 233) extended Model 2 by adding six meta-analyses assessing the far-transfer effects of other cognitive-training programs (video-games, music, chess, and exergames). Model 1 showed that working-memory training does induce near transfer, and that the size of this effect is moderated by the type of population. By contrast, Models 2 and 3 highlighted that far-transfer effects are small or null. Crucially, when placebo effects and publication bias were controlled for, the overall effect size and true variance equaled zero. That is, no impact on far-transfer measures was observed regardless of the type of population and cognitive-training program. The lack of generalization of skills acquired by training is thus an invariant of human cognition.},
	annotation = {85 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Sala, Giovanni and Aksayli, N. Deniz and Tatlidil, K. Semir and Tatsumi, Tomoko and Gondo, Yasuyuki and Gobet, Fernand},
	doi = {10.1525/collabra.203},
	editor = {Zwaan, Rolf and Verkoeijen, Peter},
	issn = {2474-7394},
	journal = {Collabra: Psychology},
	month = apr,
	number = {1},
	pages = {18},
	shorttitle = {Near and {{Far Transfer}} in {{Cognitive Training}}},
	title = {Near and {{Far Transfer}} in {{Cognitive Training}}: {{A Second-Order Meta-Analysis}}},
	urldate = {2023-03-31},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.203}}

@article{sandubeteDChaosPackageChaotic2021,
	abstract = {Chaos theory has been hailed as a revolution of thoughts and attracting ever-increasing attention of many scientists from diverse disciplines. Chaotic systems are non-linear deterministic dynamic systems which can behave like an erratic and apparently random motion. A relevant field inside chaos theory is the detection of chaotic behavior from empirical time-series data. One of the main features of chaos is the well-known initial-value sensitivity property. Methods and techniques related to testing the hypothesis of chaos try to quantify the initial-value sensitive property estimating the so-called Lyapunov exponents. This paper describes the main estimation methods of the Lyapunov exponent from time series data. At the same time, we present the DChaos library. R users may compute the delayed-coordinate embedding vector from time series data, estimates the best-fitted neural net model from the delayed-coordinate embedding vectors, calculates analytically the partial derivatives from the chosen neural nets model. They can also obtain the neural net estimator of the Lyapunov exponent from the partial derivatives computed previously by two different procedures and four ways of subsampling by blocks. To sum up, the DChaos package allows the R users to test robustly the hypothesis of chaos in order to know if the data-generating process behind time series behaves chaotically or not. The package's functionality is illustrated by examples.},
	annotation = {2 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Sandubete, E., Julio and Escot, Lorenzo},
	doi = {10.32614/RJ-2021-036},
	issn = {2073-4859},
	journal = {The R Journal},
	langid = {english},
	number = {1},
	pages = {232},
	shorttitle = {{{DChaos}}},
	title = {{{DChaos}}: {{An R Package}} for {{Chaotic Time Series Analysis}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-10},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.32614/RJ-2021-036}}

@article{saulTricriticalBehaviorBlumeCapel1974,
	abstract = {The thermodynamic behavior of the fcc Blume-Capel ferromagnet, H=-J{$\Sigma\langle$}12{$\rangle$}Sz(1)Sz(2)+{$\Delta\Sigma$}1[Sz(1)]2-h{$\Sigma$}1Sz(1), Sz=0, {$\pm$}1, is studied by series-extrapolation techniques. By using both high- and low-temperature series, we are able to trace first- and second-order branches of the phase boundary and examine behavior at temperatures both above and below the phase transition. We find a tricritical point at kBTt12J=0.2615{$\pm$}0.0070, {$\Delta$}t12J=0.4716{$\pm$}0.0010. Tricritical exponents are consistent with {$\gamma$}t={$\gamma{'}$}t=1, {$\beta$}t=14, {$\phi$}t={$\nu$}t={$\alpha$}t={$\alpha{'}$}t=12, in good agreement with tricritical mean-field theory and the Gaussian tricritical fixed point of Riedel and Wegner.},
	annotation = {208 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Saul, D. M. and Wortis, Michael and Stauffer, D.},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.9.4964},
	journal = {Physical Review B},
	month = jun,
	number = {11},
	pages = {4964--4980},
	publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
	title = {Tricritical Behavior of the {{Blume-Capel}} Model},
	urldate = {2023-05-18},
	volume = {9},
	year = {1974},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.9.4964}}

@article{saviWiringIntelligence2019,
	abstract = {The positive manifold of intelligence has fascinated generations of scholars in human ability. In the past century, various formal explanations have been proposed, including the dominant g factor, the revived sampling theory, and the recent multiplier effect model and mutualism model. In this article, we propose a novel idiographic explanation. We formally conceptualize intelligence as evolving networks in which new facts and procedures are wired together during development. The static model, an extension of the Fortuin\textendash Kasteleyn model, provides a parsimonious explanation of the positive manifold and intelligence's hierarchical factor structure. We show how it can explain the Matthew effect across developmental stages. Finally, we introduce a method for studying growth dynamics. Our truly idiographic approach offers a new view on a century-old construct and ultimately allows the fields of human ability and human learning to coalesce.},
	author = {Savi, Alexander O. and Marsman, Maarten and {van der Maas}, Han L. J. and Maris, Gunter K. J.},
	doi = {10.1177/1745691619866447},
	issn = {1745-6916},
	journal = {Perspectives on Psychological Science},
	keywords = {child development,cognition,idiographic science,individual differences,intelligence,network model,quantitative methodology},
	langid = {english},
	month = aug,
	number = {6},
	pages = {1034--1061},
	publisher = {{SAGE Publications Inc}},
	title = {The {{Wiring}} of {{Intelligence}}},
	urldate = {2022-02-24},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2019},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691619866447}}

@book{schefferEcologyShallowLakes2004,
	address = {{Dordrecht}},
	author = {Scheffer, Marten},
	doi = {10.1007/978-1-4020-3154-0},
	isbn = {978-1-4020-2306-4 978-1-4020-3154-0},
	keywords = {ecology,ecosystem,environment,phytoplankton,plankton,Seen,vegetation},
	langid = {english},
	publisher = {{Springer Netherlands}},
	title = {Ecology of {{Shallow Lakes}}},
	urldate = {2023-01-11},
	year = {2004},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3154-0}}

@article{schefferDynamicalSystemsView2024,
  title = {A {{Dynamical Systems View}} of {{Psychiatric Disorders}}---{{Practical Implications}}: {{A Review}}},
  shorttitle = {A {{Dynamical Systems View}} of {{Psychiatric Disorders}}---{{Practical Implications}}},
  author = {Scheffer, Marten and Bockting, Claudi L. and Borsboom, Denny and Cools, Roshan and Delecroix, Clara and Hartmann, Jessica A. and Kendler, Kenneth S. and {van de Leemput}, Ingrid and {van der Maas}, Han L. J. and {van Nes}, Egbert and Mattson, Mark and McGorry, Pat D. and Nelson, Barnaby},
  year = {2024},
  month = apr,
  journal = {JAMA Psychiatry},
  issn = {2168-622X},
  doi = {10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.0228},
  urldate = {2024-05-16},
  abstract = {Dynamical systems theory is widely used to explain tipping points, cycles, and chaos in complex systems ranging from the climate to ecosystems. It has been suggested that the same theory may be used to explain the nature and dynamics of psychiatric disorders, which may come and go with symptoms changing over a lifetime. Here we review evidence for the practical applicability of this theory and its quantitative tools in psychiatry.Emerging results suggest that time series of mood and behavior may be used to monitor the resilience of patients using the same generic dynamical indicators that are now employed globally to monitor the risks of collapse of complex systems, such as tropical rainforest and tipping elements of the climate system. Other dynamical systems tools used in ecology and climate science open ways to infer personalized webs of causality for patients that may be used to identify targets for intervention. Meanwhile, experiences in ecological restoration help make sense of the occasional long-term success of short interventions.Those observations, while promising, evoke follow-up questions on how best to collect dynamic data, infer informative timescales, construct mechanistic models, and measure the effect of interventions on resilience. Done well, monitoring resilience to inform well-timed interventions may be integrated into approaches that give patients an active role in the lifelong challenge of managing their resilience and knowing when to seek professional help.}
}


@article{schellingDynamicModelsSegregation1971,
	abstract = {Some segregation results from the practices of organizations, some from specialized communication systems, some from correlation with a variable that is non-random; and some results from the interplay of individual choices. This is an abstract study of the interactive dynamics of discriminatory individual choices. One model is a simulation in which individual members of two recognizable groups distribute themselves in neighborhoods defined by reference to their own locations. A second model is analytic and deals with compartmented space. A final section applies the analytics to `neighborhood tipping.' The systemic effects are found to be overwhelming: there is no simple correspondence of individual incentive to collective results. Exaggerated separation and patterning result from the dynamics of movement. Inferences about individual motives can usually not be drawn from aggregate patterns. Some unexpected phenomena, like density and vacancy, are generated. A general theory of `tipping' begins to emerge.},
	annotation = {2581 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Schelling, Thomas C.},
	doi = {10.1080/0022250X.1971.9989794},
	issn = {0022-250X},
	journal = {The Journal of Mathematical Sociology},
	month = jul,
	number = {2},
	pages = {143--186},
	publisher = {{Routledge}},
	title = {Dynamic Models of Segregation},
	urldate = {2023-04-07},
	volume = {1},
	year = {1971},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1080/0022250X.1971.9989794}}

@incollection{schiepekSelfOrganizationClinicalPsychology2009,
	address = {{New York, NY}},
	author = {Schiepek, G{\"u}nter and Perlitz, Volker},
	booktitle = {Synergetics},
	doi = {10.1007/978-1-0716-0421-2_472},
	editor = {Hutt, Axel and Haken},
	isbn = {978-1-07-160420-5 978-1-07-160421-2},
	langid = {english},
	pages = {263--285},
	publisher = {{Springer US}},
	title = {Self-{{Organization}} in {{Clinical Psychology}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-15},
	year = {2009},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0421-2_472}}

@article{schmidhuberDeepLearningNeural2015,
	abstract = {In recent years, deep artificial neural networks (including recurrent ones) have won numerous contests in pattern recognition and machine learning. This historical survey compactly summarizes relevant work, much of it from the previous millennium. Shallow and Deep Learners are distinguished by the depth of their credit assignment paths, which are chains of possibly learnable, causal links between actions and effects. I review deep supervised learning (also recapitulating the history of backpropagation), unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning \& evolutionary computation, and indirect search for short programs encoding deep and large networks.},
	annotation = {10683 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Schmidhuber, J{\"u}rgen},
	doi = {10.1016/j.neunet.2014.09.003},
	issn = {0893-6080},
	journal = {Neural Networks},
	keywords = {Deep learning,Evolutionary computation,Reinforcement learning,Supervised learning,Unsupervised learning},
	langid = {english},
	month = jan,
	pages = {85--117},
	shorttitle = {Deep Learning in Neural Networks},
	title = {Deep Learning in Neural Networks: {{An}} Overview},
	urldate = {2023-02-13},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2015},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2014.09.003}}

@article{schmidtPhaseTransitionsCritical1990,
	abstract = {By watching each other's lower oscillating leg, 2 seated Ss kept a common tempo and a particular phase relation of either 0 degrees (symmetric mode) or 180 degrees (alternate mode). This study investigated the differential stability of the 2 phase modes. In Experiment 1, in which Ss were instructed to remain in the initial phase mode, the alternate phase mode was found to be less stable as the frequency of oscillation increased. In addition, analysis of the nonsteady state cycles revealed evidence of a switching to the symmetric phase mode for the initial alternate phase mode trials. In Experiments 2 and 3, Ss were instructed to remain at a noninitial phase angle if it was found to be more comfortable. The transition observed between the 2 phase modes satisfies the criteria of a physical bifurcation--hysteresis, critical fluctuations, and divergence--and is consonant with previous findings on transitions in limb coordination within a person.},
	annotation = {392 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Schmidt, R. C. and Carello, C. and Turvey, M. T.},
	doi = {10.1037//0096-1523.16.2.227},
	issn = {0096-1523},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance},
	keywords = {Adult,Attention,Female,Humans,Interpersonal Relations,Kinesthesis,Male,Motion Perception,Motor Activity,Time Perception,Visual Perception},
	langid = {english},
	month = may,
	number = {2},
	pages = {227--247},
	pmid = {2142196},
	title = {Phase Transitions and Critical Fluctuations in the Visual Coordination of Rhythmic Movements between People},
	volume = {16},
	year = {1990},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-1523.16.2.227}}

@incollection{schneiderCattellHornCarrollModelIntelligence2012,
	abstract = {The Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory of cognitive abilities consists of two components. First, it is a taxonomy of cognitive abilities. However, it is no mere list. The second component, embedded in the taxonomy, is a set of theoretical explanations of how and why people differ in their various cognitive abilities. This chapter is intended to make CHC theory useful and usable to practitioners. It also aims to provide a reflective account of CHC theory historical roots and evolution; an introspective meditation on its current status, with a candid discussion of its virtues and shortcomings; and a tempered but hopeful projection of its future. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{New York, NY, US}},
	author = {Schneider, W. Joel and McGrew, Kevin S.},
	booktitle = {Contemporary Intellectual Assessment: {{Theories}}, Tests, and Issues, 3rd Ed},
	isbn = {978-1-60918-995-2},
	keywords = {Cognitive Ability,History,Intelligence,Models,Taxonomies},
	pages = {99--144},
	publisher = {{The Guilford Press}},
	title = {The {{Cattell-Horn-Carroll}} Model of Intelligence},
	year = {2012}}

@article{schonerDynamicsNeuralPopulations2020,
	abstract = {What would it mean to explain the mind in neural terms? Neural accounts of the mind are often sought in a reductionistic spirit in which neural mechanisms explain cognition. Because an individual's thoughts and behaviors are not reproducible without careful control of task, stimulus, and behavioral history, laws of the mind are the currency of psychology. Reduction may thus have to take the form familiar from physics: deriving macroscopic laws from microscopic laws. I argue that the metaphor of reduction from non-equilibrium physics may be the most appropriate. Macroscopic patterns of neural activity, which cause behavior and thought, are slow dynamical variables that dominate the fast microscopic dynamics of individual neurons and synapses. I outline a theoretical framework in which strongly recurrent neural networks, described by neural dynamics, generate neural representations as attractor states that are embedded in low-dimensional feature spaces. Instabilities of these states are instrumental in decision-making and the generation of sequences of mental states that are the basis for higher cognition. Networks of such neural population dynamics form neural cognitive architectures that capture the laws of the mind.},
	annotation = {11 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Sch{\"o}ner, Gregor},
	copyright = {\textcopyright{} 2019 The Authors. Topics in Cognitive Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Cognitive Science Society},
	doi = {10.1111/tops.12453},
	issn = {1756-8765},
	journal = {Topics in Cognitive Science},
	keywords = {Cognitive architectures,Dynamical systems,Embodied cognition,Foundations of cognitive science,Neural dynamics,Neural populations,Sequence generation},
	langid = {english},
	number = {4},
	pages = {1257--1271},
	title = {The {{Dynamics}} of {{Neural Populations Capture}} the {{Laws}} of the {{Mind}}},
	urldate = {2023-06-03},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12453}}

@book{schonerDynamicThinkingPrimer2016,
	author = {Sch{\"o}ner, Gregor and Spencer, John P.},
	publisher = {{Oxford University Press}},
	shorttitle = {Dynamic Thinking},
	title = {Dynamic Thinking: {{A}} Primer on Dynamic Field Theory},
	year = {2016}}

@article{schwerenAssessmentSymptomNetwork2018,
	abstract = {This cohort study uses the 33-item Mood and Feelings Questionnaire to examine whether symptom network density is associated with treatment response in adolescent depression.},
	annotation = {65 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Schweren, Lizanne and {van Borkulo}, Claudia D. and Fried, Eiko I. and Goodyer, Ian M.},
	doi = {10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.3561},
	issn = {2168-622X},
	journal = {JAMA Psychiatry},
	month = jan,
	number = {1},
	pages = {98--100},
	pmcid = {PMC5833532},
	pmid = {29188277},
	title = {Assessment of {{Symptom Network Density}} as a {{Prognostic Marker}} of {{Treatment Response}} in {{Adolescent Depression}}},
	urldate = {2023-03-25},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.3561}}

@article{scottSocialNetworkAnalysis2011,
	abstract = {This paper reviews the development of social network analysis and examines its major areas of application in sociology. Current developments, including those from outside the social sciences, are examined and their prospects for advances in substantive knowledge are considered. A concluding section looks at the implications of data mining techniques and highlights the need for interdisciplinary cooperation if significant work is to ensue.},
	annotation = {183 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Scott, John},
	doi = {10.1007/s13278-010-0012-6},
	issn = {1869-5469},
	journal = {Social Network Analysis and Mining},
	keywords = {Data Mining Technique,Exponential Random Graph Model,Multiple Correspondence Analysis,Social Network,Social Network Analysis},
	langid = {english},
	month = jan,
	number = {1},
	pages = {21--26},
	shorttitle = {Social Network Analysis},
	title = {Social Network Analysis: Developments, Advances, and Prospects},
	urldate = {2023-05-26},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2011},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-010-0012-6}}

@book{senSociophysicsIntroduction2014,
	abstract = {This book discusses the study and analysis of the physical aspects of social systems and models, inspired by the analogy with familiar models of physical systems and possible applications of statistical physics tools. Unlike the traditional analysis of the physics of macroscopic many-body or condensed matter systems, which is now an established and mature subject, the upsurge in the physical analysis and modelling of social systems, which are clearly many-body dynamical systems, is a recent phenomenon. Though the major developments in sociophysics have taken place only recently, the earliest attempts of proposing "Social Physics" as a discipline are more than one and a half centuries old. Various developments in the mainstream physics of condensed matter systems have inspired and induced the recent growth of sociophysical analysis and models. In spite of the tremendous efforts of many scientists in recent years, the subject is still in its infancy and major challenges are yet to be taken up. An introduction to these challenges is the main motivation for this book.},
	author = {Sen, Parongama and Chakrabarti, Bikas K.},
	googlebooks = {XWUBAQAAQBAJ},
	isbn = {978-0-19-966245-6},
	keywords = {Computers / Computer Science,Mathematics / Applied,Science / Physics / General,Science / Physics / Mathematical \& Computational,Social Science / Popular Culture,Social Science / Sociology / General},
	langid = {english},
	publisher = {{OUP Oxford}},
	shorttitle = {Sociophysics},
	title = {Sociophysics: {{An Introduction}}},
	year = {2014}}

@book{serraComplexSystemsCognitive1990,
	address = {{Berlin, Heidelberg}},
	author = {Serra, Roberto and Zanarini, Gianni},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-46678-6},
	isbn = {978-3-642-46680-9 978-3-642-46678-6},
	keywords = {algorithms,artificial intelligence,automata,behavior,cognition,complex system,complex systems,dynamical systems,dynamics,Dynamische Systeme,genetic algorithms,intelligence,knowledge representation,learning,Lernen in Neuronalen Netzen,Neue Architekturen in der KI,neural networks,Neuronale Netze,supervised learning,Theorien der Komplexen Systeme},
	langid = {english},
	publisher = {{Springer}},
	title = {Complex {{Systems}} and {{Cognitive Processes}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-10},
	year = {1990},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46678-6}}

@book{sherifSocialJudgmentAssimilation1961,
	abstract = {Assimilation and contrast effects in the placement of opinion items in a series and in the evaluation of the acceptability of such items are explained by principles derived from psychophysical studies of stimulus placement and the development of scales of judgment. The book contains a systematic survey of relevant psychophysical studies plus an analysis of several of the authors' recent experiments on the judgment of weights, opinion topics, and political parties. In addition to the argument that assimilation and contrast effects depend on the location of anchors employed by the judge in evaluating the stimulus items, the authors introduce the concepts of latitude of acceptance and latitude of rejection and discuss the implications of these concepts for attitude change and communication. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{Oxford, England}},
	author = {Sherif, Muzafer and Hovland, Carl I.},
	pages = {xii, 218},
	publisher = {{Yale Univer. Press}},
	series = {Social Judgment: {{Assimilation}} and Contrast Effects in Communication and Attitude Change},
	shorttitle = {Social Judgment},
	title = {Social Judgment: {{Assimilation}} and Contrast Effects in Communication and Attitude Change},
	year = {1961}}

@article{silverGeneralReinforcementLearning2018,
	abstract = {The game of chess is the longest-studied domain in the history of artificial intelligence. The strongest programs are based on a combination of sophisticated search techniques, domain-specific adaptations, and handcrafted evaluation functions that have been refined by human experts over several decades. By contrast, the AlphaGo Zero program recently achieved superhuman performance in the game of Go by reinforcement learning from self-play. In this paper, we generalize this approach into a single AlphaZero algorithm that can achieve superhuman performance in many challenging games. Starting from random play and given no domain knowledge except the game rules, AlphaZero convincingly defeated a world champion program in the games of chess and shogi (Japanese chess), as well as Go.},
	author = {Silver, David and Hubert, Thomas and Schrittwieser, Julian and Antonoglou, Ioannis and Lai, Matthew and Guez, Arthur and Lanctot, Marc and Sifre, Laurent and Kumaran, Dharshan and Graepel, Thore and Lillicrap, Timothy and Simonyan, Karen and Hassabis, Demis},
	doi = {10.1126/science.aar6404},
	journal = {Science},
	month = dec,
	number = {6419},
	pages = {1140--1144},
	publisher = {{American Association for the Advancement of Science}},
	title = {A General Reinforcement Learning Algorithm That Masters Chess, Shogi, and {{Go}} through Self-Play},
	urldate = {2023-08-21},
	volume = {362},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar6404}}

@article{skardaHowBrainsMake1987,
	abstract = {Recent ``connectionist'' models provide a new explanatory alternative to the digital computer as a model for brain function. Evidence from our EEG research on the olfactory bulb suggests that the brain may indeed use computational mechanisms like those found in connectionist models. In the present paper we discuss our data and develop a model to describe the neural dynamics responsible for odor recognition and discrimination. The results indicate the existence of sensory- and motor-specific information in the spatial dimension of EEG activity and call for new physiological metaphors and techniques of analysis. Special emphasis is placed in our model on chaotic neural activity. We hypothesize that chaotic behavior serves as the essential ground state for the neural perceptual apparatus, and we propose a mechanism for acquiring new forms of patterned activity corresponding to new learned odors. Finally, some of the implications of our neural model for behavioral theories are briefly discussed. Our research, in concert with the connectionist work, encourages a reevaluation of explanatory models that are based only on the digital computer metaphor.},
	annotation = {1435 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Skarda, Christine A. and Freeman, Walter J.},
	doi = {10.1017/S0140525X00047336},
	issn = {1469-1825, 0140-525X},
	journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
	keywords = {brain theory,chaos,connectionism,EEG,nonlinear dynamics,olfaction,perception,sensation},
	langid = {english},
	month = jun,
	number = {2},
	pages = {161--173},
	publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
	title = {How Brains Make Chaos in Order to Make Sense of the World},
	urldate = {2023-02-15},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1987},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00047336}}

@article{smalLearningIsingAttitudesubmitted,
  title = {The {{Learning Ising Attitude Model}} ({{LIAM}}): {{Entropy Reduction}} by {{Hebbian Learning}}},
  author = {Smal, Iris and Dalege, Jonas and van der Maas, Han L. J.},
  year = {submitted}
}


@techreport{smolenskyInformationProcessingDynamical1986,
	abstract = {At this early stage in the development of cognitive science, methodological issues are both open and central. There may have been times when developments in neuroscience, artificial intelligence, or cognitive psychology seduced researchers into believing that their discipline was on the verge of discovering the secret of intelligence. But a humbling history of hopes disappointed has produced the realization that understanding the mind will challenge the power of all these methodologies combined. The work reported in this chapter rests on the conviction that a methodology that has a crucial role to play in the development of cognitive science is mathematical analysis. The success of cognitive science, like that of many other sciences, will, I believe, depend upon the construction of a solid body of theoretical results results that express in a mathematical language the conceptual insights of the field results that squeeze all possible implications out of those insights by exploiting powerful mathematical techniques. This body of results, which I will call the theory of information processing, exists because information is a concept that lends itself to mathematical formalization. One part of the theory of information processing is already well-developed. The classical theory of computation provides powerful and elegant results about the notion of effective procedure, including languages for precisely expressing them and theoretical machines for realizing them.},
	author = {Smolensky, Paul},
	chapter = {Technical Reports},
	langid = {english},
	shorttitle = {Information {{Processing}} in {{Dynamical Systems}}},
	title = {Information {{Processing}} in {{Dynamical Systems}}: {{Foundations}} of {{Harmony Theory}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-16},
	year = {1986}}

@article{snijdersStatisticalEvaluationSocial2001,
	abstract = {A class of statistical models is proposed for longitudinal network data. The dependent variable is the changing (or evolving) relation network, represented by two or more observations of a directed graph with a fixed set of actors. The network evolution is modeled as the consequence of the actors making new choices, or withdrawing existing choices, on the basis of functions, with fixed and random components, that the actors try to maximize. Individual and dyadic exogenous variables can be used as covariates. The change in the network is modeled as the stochastic result of network effects (reciprocity, transitivity, etc.) and these covariates. The existing network structure is a dynamic constraint for the evolution of the structure itself. The models are continuous-time Markov chain models that can be implemented as simulation models. The model parameters are estimated from observed data. For estimating and testing these models, statistical procedures are proposed that are based on the method of moments. The statistical procedures are implemented using a stochastic approximation algorithm based on computer simulations of the network evolution process.},
	annotation = {626 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Snijders, Tom A. B.},
	doi = {10.1111/0081-1750.00099},
	issn = {1467-9531},
	journal = {Sociological Methodology},
	langid = {english},
	number = {1},
	pages = {361--395},
	title = {The {{Statistical Evaluation}} of {{Social Network Dynamics}}},
	urldate = {2023-05-26},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2001},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/0081-1750.00099}}

@article{sobkowiczMinorityPersistenceAgent2013,
	abstract = {We present detailed analysis of the behavior of an agent based model of opinion formation, using a discrete variant of cusp catastrophe behavior of single agents. The agent opinion about a particular issue is determined by its information about the issue and its emotional arousal. It is possible that for agitated agents the same information would lead to different opinions. This results in a nontrivial individual opinion dynamics. The agents communicate via messages, which allows direct application of the model to ICT based communities. We study the dependence of the composition of an agent society on the range of interactions and the rate of emotional arousal. Despite the minimal number of adjustable parameters, the model reproduces several phenomena observed in real societies, for example nearly perfectly balanced results of some highly contested elections or the fact that minorities seldom perceive themselves to be a minority.},
	annotation = {10 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Sobkowicz, Pawel},
	doi = {10.1140/epjb/e2013-40029-0},
	issn = {1434-6036},
	journal = {The European Physical Journal B},
	keywords = {Statistical and Nonlinear Physics},
	langid = {english},
	month = jul,
	number = {7},
	pages = {335},
	title = {Minority Persistence in Agent Based Model Using Information and Emotional Arousal as Control Variables},
	urldate = {2023-04-20},
	volume = {86},
	year = {2013},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2013-40029-0}}

@article{sobkowiczWhitherNowOpinion2020,
	abstract = {The article describes the current status and potential directions of development of agent-based models of social opinion dynamics. Despite extensive effort, the models achieve, at best, only qualitative agreement with social observations. To understand the increasingly pressing issues such as all-encompassing political and social polarization, resurgence of fundamentalist and populist movements, persistence of socially dangerous trends such as denial of climate change, or the anti-vaccination activism, the models must be capable of handling much more complex set of agent characteristics, content of the communications (between agents and through media) as well as psychologically adequate reaction mechanisms, and realistic influence networks. Moreover, to meet the challenge of understanding the globally growing political polarization and changes brought by increasing reliance on electronic communication, the models should adapt to the post-truth era. It is necessary to include in the models phenomena such as fake news, omnipresent exaggerations and stereotypes, trolling, and algorithmic biases funneling personal information universe. We also need to consider that most social systems may be described as transient, out-of-equilibrium ones, where a crucial role is played by the models' initial conditions. In this work, we analyze the challenges facing the modeling community and point out certain promising directions for development.},
	annotation = {8 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Sobkowicz, Pawel},
	doi = {10.3389/fphy.2020.587009},
	issn = {2296-424X},
	journal = {Frontiers in Physics},
	title = {Whither {{Now}}, {{Opinion Modelers}}?},
	urldate = {2023-05-18},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2020.587009}}

@article{spearmanGeneralIntelligenceObjectively1904,
	abstract = {Determined the connection between psychical tendencies and, that between 'mental tests' and psychical activities of greater generality and interest, on the basis of correlation. A critical review of previous and present studies showed that no conclusive results could be obtained. Experiments were confined to testing the sensory discrimination of hearing, sight and touch, using the monochord, a graduated series of colored cards, and a graduated series of weights constructed on Galton's cartridge pattern, respectively, for the three conditioned. Five series of experiments were conducted involving varying number of Ss. The results indicated that all branches of intellectual activity possess in common one fundamental function, whereas the remaining or specific elements of the activity seem to be wholly different from that in all the others. In adult life no difference between the two sexes was observed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {3248 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Spearman, C.},
	doi = {10.2307/1412107},
	issn = {1939-8298},
	journal = {The American Journal of Psychology},
	pages = {201--293},
	publisher = {{Univ of Illinois Press}},
	title = {'{{General}} Intelligence,' Objectively Determined and Measured},
	volume = {15},
	year = {1904},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.2307/1412107}}

@article{spillerValidityCentralityHypothesis2020,
	abstract = {In the network approach to psychopathology, psychiatric disorders are considered networks of causally active symptoms (nodes), with node centrality hypothesized to reflect symptoms' causal influence within a network. Accordingly, centrality measures have been used in numerous network-based cross-sectional studies to identify specific treatment targets, based on the assumption that deactivating highly central nodes would proliferate to other nodes in the network, thereby collapsing the network structure and alleviating the overall psychopathology (i.e., the centrality hypothesis).},
	annotation = {33 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Spiller, Tobias R. and Levi, Ofir and Neria, Yuval and {Suarez-Jimenez}, Benjamin and {Bar-Haim}, Yair and Lazarov, Amit},
	doi = {10.1186/s12916-020-01740-5},
	issn = {1741-7015},
	journal = {BMC Medicine},
	keywords = {Centrality measures,Network analysis,Network approach,Posttraumatic stress disorder,Treatment},
	month = oct,
	number = {1},
	pages = {297},
	title = {On the Validity of the Centrality Hypothesis in Cross-Sectional between-Subject Networks of Psychopathology},
	urldate = {2023-03-24},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01740-5}}

@article{sprottDynamicalModelsHappiness2005,
	author = {Sprott, J C},
	keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
	langid = {english},
	title = {Dynamical {{Models}} of {{Happiness}}},
	year = {2005}}

@article{sprottDynamicalModelsLove2004,
	abstract = {Following a suggestion of Strogatz, this paper examines a sequence of dynamical models involving coupled ordinary differential equations describing the time-variation of the love or hate displayed by individuals in a romantic relationship. The models start with a linear system of two individuals and advance to love triangles and finally to include the effect of nonlinearities, which are shown to produce chaos.},
	author = {Sprott, J. C.},
	issn = {1090-0578},
	journal = {Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences},
	keywords = {Hate,Humans,Interpersonal Relations,Love,Nonlinear Dynamics},
	langid = {english},
	month = jul,
	number = {3},
	pages = {303--314},
	pmid = {15233877},
	title = {Dynamical Models of Love},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2004}}

@article{steelsSelfOrganizingSpatialVocabulary1995,
	abstract = {Language is a shared set of conventions for mapping meanings to utterances. This paper explores self-organization as the primary mechanism for the formation of a vocabulary. It reports on a computational experiment in which a group of distributed agents develop ways to identify each other using names or spatial descriptions. It is also shown that the proposed mechanism copes with the acquisition of an existing vocabulary by new agents entering the community and with an expansion of the set of meanings.},
	annotation = {184 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Steels, Luc},
	doi = {10.1162/artl.1995.2.3.319},
	issn = {1064-5462},
	journal = {Artificial Life},
	month = apr,
	number = {3},
	pages = {319--332},
	title = {A {{Self-Organizing Spatial Vocabulary}}},
	urldate = {2023-04-09},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1995},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1162/artl.1995.2.3.319}}

@misc{stefanRPubsFractals2020,
	author = {Stefan, Martin},
	howpublished = {https://rpubs.com/mstefan-rpubs/fractals},
	title = {{{RPubs}} - {{Fractals}} with {{R}}},
	urldate = {2023-01-25},
	year = {2020}}

@book{stengersOrderOutChaos1978,
	abstract = {A pioneering book that shows how the two great themes of classic science, order and chaos, are being reconciled in a new and unexpected synthesis Order Out of Chaos is a sweeping critique of the discordant landscape of modern scientific knowledge. In this landmark book, Nobel Laureate Ilya Prigogine and acclaimed philosopher Isabelle Stengers offer an exciting and accessible account of the philosophical implications of thermodynamics. Prigogine and Stengers bring contradictory philosophies of time and chance into a novel and ambitious synthesis. Since its first publication in France in 1978, this book has sparked debate among physicists, philosophers, literary critics and historians.},
	address = {{London}},
	author = {Stengers, Isabelle and Prigogine, Ilya},
	isbn = {978-1-78663-100-8},
	shorttitle = {Order {{Out}} of {{Chaos}}},
	title = {Order {{Out}} of {{Chaos}}: {{Man}}'s {{New Dialogue}} with {{Nature}}},
	year = {1978}}

@article{steppDataanalysisMethodDecomposing2009,
	abstract = {Synchronization has been shown to be a valuable concept in the field of nonlinear dynamics and dynamical systems in general. Deviation from perfect synchronization results from an interplay of deterministic coupling forces and stochastic fluctuating forces. When the exact details of these two sources of variance are unknown, it becomes useful to estimate them directly from data. To this end, we develop a data analysis method for estimating parameters associated with these deterministic and stochastic components. The method relies on separating their respective contributions to synchronization error. We focus on the case where a slave system synchronizes with the future of a master system, so-called anticipating synchronization.},
	annotation = {9 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Stepp, N. and Frank, T. D.},
	doi = {10.1140/epjb/e2009-00022-x},
	issn = {1434-6028, 1434-6036},
	journal = {The European Physical Journal B},
	langid = {english},
	month = jan,
	number = {2},
	pages = {251--257},
	title = {A Data-Analysis Method for Decomposing Synchronization Variability of Anticipatory Systems into Stochastic and Deterministic Components},
	urldate = {2023-02-13},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2009},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2009-00022-x}}

@article{stewartCatastropheTheoryModeling1983,
	abstract = {Many phenomena of human behavior involve sudden "catastrophic" changes, bimodality, hysteresis, and divergence. Catastrophe theory suggests several models for such behavior. A description of catastrophe theory is presented that includes points of special interest to psychologists and a section on mathematical considerations. An experiment in which 30 undergraduates indicated their perceptions of multistable figures illustrates the use of catastrophy theory models, and a method of fitting observational data to a cusp catastrophe surface is demonstrated. The limitations of the model and of the curve fitting procedure are emphasized along with the potential of catastrophe theory modeling as a mathematically based method of analyzing human behavior. (32 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {110 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Stewart, Ian and Peregoy, P. L.},
	doi = {10.1037/0033-2909.94.2.336},
	issn = {1939-1455},
	journal = {Psychological Bulletin},
	keywords = {Behavioral Assessment,Mathematical Modeling},
	pages = {336--362},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	title = {Catastrophe Theory Modeling in Psychology},
	volume = {94},
	year = {1983},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.94.2.336}}

@article{stewartCatastropheTheoryPhysics1982,
	abstract = {We present a broadly based discussion of `catastrophe theory', a mathematical discipline commonly associated with the names of Thom and Zeeman, placing emphasis on the developmental feedback between the mathematics and its applications, especially to the physical sciences. While the paper is in no sense a comprehensive survey of the theory and its applications, it aims to present a typical selection of current work.},
	annotation = {57 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Stewart, Ian},
	doi = {10.1088/0034-4885/45/2/002},
	issn = {0034-4885, 1361-6633},
	journal = {Reports on Progress in Physics},
	langid = {english},
	month = feb,
	number = {2},
	pages = {185--221},
	title = {Catastrophe Theory in Physics},
	urldate = {2023-01-22},
	volume = {45},
	year = {1982},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/45/2/002}}

@article{steyversLargeScaleStructureSemantic2005,
	abstract = {We present statistical analyses of the large-scale structure of 3 types of semantic networks: word associations, WordNet, and Roget's Thesaurus. We show that they have a small-world structure, characterized by sparse connectivity, short average path lengths between words, and strong local clustering. In addition, the distributions of the number of connections follow power laws that indicate a scale-free pattern of connectivity, with most nodes having relatively few connections joined together through a small number of hubs with many connections. These regularities have also been found in certain other complex natural networks, such as the World Wide Web, but they are not consistent with many conventional models of semantic organization, based on inheritance hierarchies, arbitrarily structured networks, or high-dimensional vector spaces. We propose that these structures reflect the mechanisms by which semantic networks grow. We describe a simple model for semantic growth, in which each new word or concept is connected to an existing network by differentiating the connectivity pattern of an existing node. This model generates appropriate small-world statistics and power-law connectivity distributions, and it also suggests one possible mechanistic basis for the effects of learning history variables (age of acquisition, usage frequency) on behavioral performance in semantic processing tasks.},
	annotation = {680 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Steyvers, Mark and Tenenbaum, Joshua B.},
	doi = {10.1207/s15516709cog2901_3},
	issn = {1551-6709},
	journal = {Cognitive Science},
	keywords = {Growing network models,Semantic networks,Semantic representation,Small worlds},
	langid = {english},
	number = {1},
	pages = {41--78},
	shorttitle = {The {{Large-Scale Structure}} of {{Semantic Networks}}},
	title = {The {{Large-Scale Structure}} of {{Semantic Networks}}: {{Statistical Analyses}} and a {{Model}} of {{Semantic Growth}}},
	urldate = {2023-03-31},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2005},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog2901_3}}

@book{stoufferAmericanSoldierAdjustment1949,
	abstract = {Based on the work of the Research Branch of the Information and Education Division of the War Department, this volume describes studies of soldiers' attitudes as related to their general problems of personal adjustment in the institutionalized life of the Army. Titles of the 10 chapters are (1) how these volumes came to be produced, (2) the old Army and the new, (3) how personal adjustment varied in the Army\textemdash preliminary considerations, (4) how personal adjustment varied in the Army\textemdash by background characteristics, (5) how personal adjustment varied in the Army\textemdash by type of experience in the Army, (6) social mobility in the Army, (7) job assignment and job satisfaction, (8) attitudes toward leadership and social control, (9) the orientation of soldiers toward the war, and (10) Negro soldiers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{Oxford, England}},
	author = {Stouffer, Samuel A. and Suchman, Edward A. and Devinney, Leland C. and Star, Shirley A. and Williams Jr., Robin M.},
	keywords = {Military Personnel},
	pages = {xii, 599},
	publisher = {{Princeton Univ. Press}},
	series = {The {{American}} Soldier: {{Adjustment}} during Army Life. ({{Studies}} in Social Psychology in {{World War II}}), {{Vol}}. 1},
	shorttitle = {The {{American}} Soldier},
	title = {The {{American}} Soldier: {{Adjustment}} during Army Life. ({{Studies}} in Social Psychology in {{World War II}}), {{Vol}}. 1},
	year = {1949}}

@article{strogatzLoveAffairsDifferential1988,
	annotation = {32 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Strogatz, Steven H.},
	doi = {10.1080/0025570X.1988.11977342},
	issn = {0025-570X},
	journal = {Mathematics Magazine},
	month = feb,
	number = {1},
	pages = {35--35},
	publisher = {{Taylor \& Francis}},
	title = {Love {{Affairs}} and {{Differential Equations}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-27},
	volume = {61},
	year = {1988},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1080/0025570X.1988.11977342}}

@book{strogatzNonlinearDynamicsChaos2018,
	abstract = {This textbook is aimed at newcomers to nonlinear dynamics and chaos, especially students taking a first course in the subject. The presentation stresses analytical methods, concrete examples, and geometric intuition. The theory is developed systematically, starting with first-order differential equations and their bifurcations, followed by phase plane analysis, limit cycles and their bifurcations, and culminating with the Lorenz equations, chaos, iterated maps, period doubling, renormalization, fractals, and strange attractors.},
	author = {Strogatz, Steven H.},
	googlebooks = {wUBvDwAAQBAJ},
	isbn = {978-0-429-68015-1},
	keywords = {Mathematics / General},
	langid = {english},
	month = sep,
	publisher = {{CRC Press}},
	shorttitle = {Nonlinear {{Dynamics}} and {{Chaos}} with {{Student Solutions Manual}}},
	title = {Nonlinear {{Dynamics}} and {{Chaos}} with {{Student Solutions Manual}}: {{With Applications}} to {{Physics}}, {{Biology}}, {{Chemistry}}, and {{Engineering}}, {{Second Edition}}},
	year = {2018}}

@misc{StructuralStabilityCatastrophe,
	howpublished = {https://www-jstor-org.proxy.uba.uva.nl/stable/2029499},
	title = {Structural {{Stability}}, {{Catastrophe Theory}}, and {{Applied Mathematics}}: {{The John}} von {{Neumann Lecture}}, 1976 on {{JSTOR}}},
	urldate = {2023-08-21}}

@book{surowieckiWisdomCrowds2005,
	abstract = {In this fascinating book, New Yorker business columnist James Surowiecki explores a deceptively simple idea: Large groups of people are smarter than an elite few, no matter how brilliant\textemdash better at solving problems, fostering innovation, coming to wise decisions, even predicting the future.~With boundless erudition and in delightfully clear prose, Surowiecki ranges across fields as diverse as popular culture, psychology, ant biology, behavioral economics, artificial intelligence, military history, and politics to show how this simple idea offers important lessons for how we live our lives, select our leaders, run our companies, and think about our world.},
	author = {Surowiecki, James},
	googlebooks = {hHUsHOHqVzEC},
	isbn = {978-0-307-27505-9},
	keywords = {Business \& Economics / Consumer Behavior,Business \& Economics / Economic History,Social Science / Sociology / Social Theory},
	langid = {english},
	month = aug,
	publisher = {{Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group}},
	title = {The {{Wisdom}} of {{Crowds}}},
	year = {2005}}

@article{sussmannCatastropheTheoryApplied1978,
	annotation = {78 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Sussmann, H{\'e}ctor J. and Zahler, Raphael S.},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00869575},
	issn = {1573-0964},
	journal = {Synthese},
	langid = {english},
	month = feb,
	number = {2},
	pages = {117--216},
	shorttitle = {Catastrophe Theory as Applied to the Social and Biological Sciences},
	title = {Catastrophe Theory as Applied to the Social and Biological Sciences: {{A}} Critique},
	urldate = {2023-01-30},
	volume = {37},
	year = {1978},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00869575}}

@book{suttonReinforcementLearningSecond2018,
	abstract = {The significantly expanded and updated new edition of a widely used text on reinforcement learning, one of the most active research areas in artificial intelligence.Reinforcement learning, one of the most active research areas in artificial intelligence, is a computational approach to learning whereby an agent tries to maximize the total amount of reward it receives while interacting with a complex, uncertain environment. In Reinforcement Learning, Richard Sutton and Andrew Barto provide a clear and simple account of the field's key ideas and algorithms. This second edition has been significantly expanded and updated, presenting new topics and updating coverage of other topics.Like the first edition, this second edition focuses on core online learning algorithms, with the more mathematical material set off in shaded boxes. Part I covers as much of reinforcement learning as possible without going beyond the tabular case for which exact solutions can be found. Many algorithms presented in this part are new to the second edition, including UCB, Expected Sarsa, and Double Learning. Part II extends these ideas to function approximation, with new sections on such topics as artificial neural networks and the Fourier basis, and offers expanded treatment of off-policy learning and policy-gradient methods. Part III has new chapters on reinforcement learning's relationships to psychology and neuroscience, as well as an updated case-studies chapter including AlphaGo and AlphaGo Zero, Atari game playing, and IBM Watson's wagering strategy. The final chapter discusses the future societal impacts of reinforcement learning.},
	author = {Sutton, Richard S. and Barto, Andrew G.},
	googlebooks = {uWV0DwAAQBAJ},
	isbn = {978-0-262-35270-3},
	keywords = {Computers / Artificial Intelligence / General},
	langid = {english},
	month = nov,
	publisher = {{MIT Press}},
	shorttitle = {Reinforcement {{Learning}}, Second Edition},
	title = {Reinforcement {{Learning}}, Second Edition: {{An Introduction}}},
	year = {2018}}

@article{sznajd-weronReviewSznajdModel2021,
	abstract = {In honor of professor Dietrich Stauffer we review the literature on the Sznajd model, which probably owes him not only the name and popularity, but perhaps even the fact that it was published in a scientific journal at all. We start the review with the personal memories on the origin of the model and on Stauffer's role throughout the story. Then, we describe the original model and propose the new generalization that captures all versions of the model described in the original paper from 2000. In consecutive sections we review the existing literature that was published over last 20 years.},
	annotation = {19 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {{Sznajd-Weron}, Katarzyna and Sznajd, J{\'o}zef and Weron, Tomasz},
	doi = {10.1016/j.physa.2020.125537},
	issn = {0378-4371},
	journal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
	keywords = {Agent-based modeling,Opinion dynamics,Sznajd model},
	langid = {english},
	month = mar,
	pages = {125537},
	title = {A Review on the {{Sznajd}} Model \textemdash{} 20 Years After},
	urldate = {2023-04-17},
	volume = {565},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2020.125537}}

@article{szostakHypercycle2016,
	annotation = {27 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Szostak, Natalia and Wasik, Szymon and Blazewicz, Jacek},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004853},
	editor = {Wodak, Shoshana},
	issn = {1553-7358},
	journal = {PLOS Computational Biology},
	langid = {english},
	month = apr,
	number = {4},
	pages = {e1004853},
	title = {Hypercycle},
	urldate = {2023-02-21},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2016},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004853}}

@article{tesfatsionAgentBasedComputationalEconomics2002,
	abstract = {Agent-based computational economics (ACE) is the computational study of economies modeled as evolving systems of autonomous interacting agents. Thus, ACE is a specialization of economics of the basic complex adaptive systems paradigm. This study outlines the main objectives and defining characteristics of the ACE methodology and discusses similarities and distinctions between ACE and artificial life research. Eight ACE research areas are identified, and a number of publications in each area are highlighted for concrete illustration. Open questions and directions for future ACE research are also considered. The study concludes with a discussion of the potential benefits associated with ACE modeling, as well as some potential difficulties.},
	annotation = {402 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Tesfatsion, Leigh},
	doi = {10.1162/106454602753694765},
	issn = {1064-5462},
	journal = {Artificial Life},
	keywords = {agent-based computational economics,artificial life,evolution of norms,learning,markets,networks},
	month = jan,
	number = {1},
	pages = {55--82},
	shorttitle = {Agent-{{Based Computational Economics}}},
	title = {Agent-{{Based Computational Economics}}: {{Growing Economies From}} the {{Bottom Up}}},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2002},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1162/106454602753694765}}

@incollection{tesserSelfGeneratedAttitude1978,
	abstract = {This chapter discusses self-generated attitude change. The thought about some nonneutral attitude object in the absence of any new external information or change in overt behavior often results in attitude polarization. Attitude polarization seems to be predicated on cognitive changes such as the addition of consistent cognitions and the reinterpretation of existing inconsistent cognitions. Such changes in cognitions and affect are expected to occur only to the extent that persons have a developed cognitive schema for thinking about the object. One's attitude is a function of those salient cognitions and inferences. The data suggest that persons can tune in more than one schema for thinking about a particular object. Thus, persons have the potential for more than one attitude toward the same object. Some implications for the relationship between attitudes and behavior and for psychotherapy were touched upon. The relationship between this research and group polarization research and mere exposure research are briefly explored. It points out a number of aspects of the present approach that are in need of further elaboration.},
	author = {Tesser, Abraham},
	booktitle = {Advances in {{Experimental Social Psychology}}},
	doi = {10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60010-6},
	editor = {Berkowitz, Leonard},
	month = jan,
	pages = {289--338},
	publisher = {{Academic Press}},
	title = {Self-{{Generated Attitude}}},
	urldate = {2019-05-25},
	volume = {11},
	year = {1978},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60010-6}}

@book{thelenDynamicSystemsApproach1994,
	abstract = {A Dynamic Systems Approach to the Development of Cognition and Action presents a comprehensive and detailed theory of early human development based on the principles of dynamic systems theory. Beginning with their own research in motor, perceptual, and cognitive development, Thelen and Smith raise fundamental questions about prevailing assumptions in the field. They propose a new theory of the development of cognition and action, unifying recent advances in dynamic systems theory with current research in neuroscience and neural development. In particular, they show how by processes of exploration and selection, multimodal experiences form the bases for self-organizing perception-action categories. Thelen and Smith offer a radical alternative to current cognitive theory, both in their emphasis on dynamic representation and in their focus on processes of change. Among the first attempt to apply complexity theory to psychology, they suggest reinterpretations of several classic issues in early cognitive development. The book is divided into three sections. The first discusses the nature of developmental processes in general terms, the second covers dynamic principles in process and mechanism, and the third looks at how a dynamic theory can be applied to enduring puzzles of development. Cognitive Psychology series},
	author = {Thelen, Esther and Smith, Linda B.},
	googlebooks = {kBslxoe0TekC},
	isbn = {978-0-262-70059-7},
	keywords = {Psychology / Psychotherapy / Child \& Adolescent},
	langid = {english},
	publisher = {{MIT Press}},
	title = {A {{Dynamic Systems Approach}} to the {{Development}} of {{Cognition}} and {{Action}}},
	year = {1994}}

@article{thelenMotorDevelopmentNew1995,
	abstract = {The study of the acquisition of motor skills, long moribund in developmental psychology, has seen a renaissance in the last decade. Inspired by contemporary work in movement science, perceptual psychology, neuroscience, and dynamic systems theory, multidisciplinary approaches are affording new insights into the processes by which infants and children learn to control their bodies. In particular the new synthesis emphasizes the multicausal, fluid, contextual, and self-organizing nature of developmental change, the unity of perception, action, and cognition, and the role of exploration and selection in the emergence of new behavior. Studies are concerned less with how children perform and more with how the components cooperate to produce stability or engender change. Such process approaches make moot the traditional nature\textendash nurture debates. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {550 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Thelen, Esther},
	doi = {10.1037/0003-066X.50.2.79},
	issn = {1935-990X},
	journal = {American Psychologist},
	keywords = {Motor Development,Motor Skills},
	pages = {79--95},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	shorttitle = {Motor Development},
	title = {Motor Development: {{A}} New Synthesis},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1995},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.50.2.79}}

@article{thompsonAlphaS1caseinBos1969,
	annotation = {16 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Thompson, M P and Farrell, H M and Greenberg, R},
	doi = {10.1016/0010-406x(69)91364-4},
	issn = {0010-406X},
	journal = {Comparative biochemistry and physiology},
	langid = {english},
	month = jan,
	number = {1},
	pages = {471--475},
	pmid = {5777398},
	shorttitle = {Alpha S1-Casein {{A}} ({{Bos}} Taurus)},
	title = {Alpha S1-Casein {{A}} ({{Bos}} Taurus): A Probable Sequential Deletion of Eight Amino Acid Residues and Its Effect on Physical Properties},
	urldate = {2023-05-16},
	volume = {28},
	year = {1969},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-406x(69)91364-4}}

@article{thomStructuralStabilityCatastrophe1977,
	author = {Thom, Ren{\'e}},
	doi = {10.1137/1019036},
	issn = {0036-1445},
	journal = {SIAM Review},
	month = apr,
	number = {2},
	pages = {189--201},
	title = {Structural {{Stability}}, {{Catastrophe Theory}}, and {{Applied Mathematics}}},
	volume = {19},
	year = {1977},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1137/1019036}}

@book{thomStructuralStabilityMorphogenesis2018,
	abstract = {First Published in 2018. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor \& Francis, an Informa company.},
	author = {Thom, Rene},
	googlebooks = {nF0PEAAAQBAJ},
	isbn = {978-0-429-96157-1},
	keywords = {Mathematics / General},
	langid = {english},
	month = mar,
	publisher = {{CRC Press}},
	title = {Structural {{Stability And Morphogenesis}}},
	year = {2018}}

@book{thurnerIntroductionTheoryComplex2018,
  title = {Introduction to the {{Theory}} of {{Complex Systems}}},
  author = {Thurner, Stefan and Klimek, Peter and Hanel, Rudolf},
  year = {2018},
  month = sep,
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  doi = {10.1093/oso/9780198821939.001.0001},
  urldate = {2024-05-20},
  abstract = {Abstract. This book is a comprehensive introduction to quantitative approaches to complex adaptive systems. Practically all areas of life on this planet ar},
  isbn = {978-0-19-186106-2},
  langid = {english}
}


@article{tilmanPhytoplanktonCommunityEcology1982,
	annotation = {682 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Tilman, D and Kilham, S S and Kilham, P},
	doi = {10.1146/annurev.es.13.110182.002025},
	journal = {Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics},
	number = {1},
	pages = {349--372},
	shorttitle = {Phytoplankton {{Community Ecology}}},
	title = {Phytoplankton {{Community Ecology}}: {{The Role}} of {{Limiting Nutrients}}},
	urldate = {2023-03-24},
	volume = {13},
	year = {1982},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.13.110182.002025}}

@article{tokerSimpleMethodDetecting2020,
	abstract = {Chaos, or exponential sensitivity to small perturbations, appears everywhere in nature. Moreover, chaos is predicted to play diverse functional roles in living systems. A method for detecting chaos from empirical measurements should therefore be a key component of the biologist's toolkit. But, classic chaos-detection tools are highly sensitive to measurement noise and break down for common edge cases, making it difficult to detect chaos in domains, like biology, where measurements are noisy. However, newer tools promise to overcome these limitations. Here, we combine several such tools into an automated processing pipeline, and show that our pipeline can detect the presence (or absence) of chaos in noisy recordings, even for difficult edge cases. As a first-pass application of our pipeline, we show that heart rate variability is not chaotic as some have proposed, and instead reflects a stochastic process in both health and disease. Our tool is easy-to-use and freely available.},
	annotation = {68 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Toker, Daniel and Sommer, Friedrich T. and D'Esposito, Mark},
	copyright = {2020 The Author(s)},
	doi = {10.1038/s42003-019-0715-9},
	issn = {2399-3642},
	journal = {Communications Biology},
	keywords = {Computational biophysics,Data processing},
	langid = {english},
	month = jan,
	number = {1},
	pages = {1--13},
	publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
	title = {A Simple Method for Detecting Chaos in Nature},
	urldate = {2023-02-10},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-019-0715-9}}

@article{tononiMeasureBrainComplexity1994,
	abstract = {In brains of higher vertebrates, the functional segregation of local areas that differ in their anatomy and physiology contrasts sharply with their global integration during perception and behavior. In this paper, we introduce a measure, called neural complexity (CN), that captures the interplay between these two fundamental aspects of brain organization. We express functional segregation within a neural system in terms of the relative statistical independence of small subsets of the system and functional integration in terms of significant deviations from independence of large subsets. CN is then obtained from estimates of the average deviation from statistical independence for subsets of increasing size. CN is shown to be high when functional segregation coexists with integration and to be low when the components of a system are either completely independent (segregated) or completely dependent (integrated). We apply this complexity measure in computer simulations of cortical areas to examine how some basic principles of neuroanatomical organization constrain brain dynamics. We show that the connectivity patterns of the cerebral cortex, such as a high density of connections, strong local connectivity organizing cells into neuronal groups, patchiness in the connectivity among neuronal groups, and prevalent reciprocal connections, are associated with high values of CN. The approach outlined here may prove useful in analyzing complexity in other biological domains such as gene regulation and embryogenesis.},
	annotation = {1100 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Tononi, Giulio and Sporns, Olaf and Edelman, Gerald M.},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.91.11.5033},
	eprint = {2364906},
	eprinttype = {jstor},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	number = {11},
	pages = {5033--5037},
	publisher = {{National Academy of Sciences}},
	shorttitle = {A {{Measure}} for {{Brain Complexity}}},
	title = {A {{Measure}} for {{Brain Complexity}}: {{Relating Functional Segregation}} and {{Integration}} in the {{Nervous System}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-11},
	volume = {91},
	year = {1994},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.11.5033}}

@article{treiberCongestedTrafficStates2000,
	abstract = {We present data from several German freeways showing different kinds of congested traffic forming near road inhomogeneities, specifically lane closings, intersections, or uphill gradients. The states are localized or extended, homogeneous or oscillating. Combined states are observed as well, like the coexistence of moving localized clusters and clusters pinned at road inhomogeneities, or regions of oscillating congested traffic upstream of nearly homogeneous congested traffic. The experimental findings are consistent with a recently proposed theoretical phase diagram for traffic near on-ramps [D. Helbing, A. Hennecke, and M. Treiber, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4360 (1999)]. We simulate these situations with a continuous microscopic single-lane model, the ``intelligent driver model,'' using empirical boundary conditions. All observations, including the coexistence of states, are qualitatively reproduced by describing inhomogeneities with local variations of one model parameter. We show that the results of the microscopic model can be understood by formulating the theoretical phase diagram for bottlenecks in a more general way. In particular, a local drop of the road capacity induced by parameter variations has essentially the same effect as an on-ramp.},
	annotation = {2464 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Treiber, Martin and Hennecke, Ansgar and Helbing, Dirk},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.62.1805},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	month = aug,
	number = {2},
	pages = {1805--1824},
	publisher = {{American Physical Society}},
	title = {Congested Traffic States in Empirical Observations and Microscopic Simulations},
	urldate = {2023-05-20},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2000},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.62.1805}}



@article{turner-zwinkelsBeliefSystemNetworks2022,
	abstract = {We test if a change in an attitude affects other related attitudes (i.e., dynamic constraint), a core prediction of belief systems theory. We use psychological network methods to represent the belief system and make preregistered predictions about which attitudes should change and to what extent. We collected data in two longitudinal experiments (N~=~3004; N~=~2999) and three pilot studies (combined N~=~2788) from community samples of US Americans. We use data from T1 as pretest measures of attitudes and to estimate the structure of the sample's belief system from which to generate and preregister predictions. At T2 participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: a control condition (no manipulation), a terrorism attitude manipulation (Study 1), a crime attitude manipulation (Study 2) attitude manipulation, or a banking attitude manipulation (Studies 1 \& 2). We successfully manipulated the targeted attitude and also observed changes in non-targeted attitudes in the belief system. Multilevel models provided evidence that changes in non-targeted attitudes were moderated by their distance from the targeted attitude within the belief system: Non-targeted attitudes closer to the experimentally targeted attitude typically changed more. Changes in non-targeted attitudes were generally related to (and mediated by) changes in the targeted attitude. We discuss the implications of our findings for belief systems theory and the value of network methods in studying attitude change.},
	annotation = {0 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {{Turner-Zwinkels}, Felicity M. and Brandt, Mark J.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104279},
	issn = {0022-1031},
	journal = {Journal of Experimental Social Psychology},
	keywords = {Attitude change,Belief systems,Dynamic constraint,Psychological networks},
	langid = {english},
	month = may,
	pages = {104279},
	title = {Belief System Networks Can Be Used to Predict Where to Expect Dynamic Constraint},
	urldate = {2023-04-24},
	volume = {100},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104279}}

@article{tushmanTechnologicalDiscontinuitiesOrganizational1986,
	abstract = {This paper focuses on patterns of technological change and on the impact of technological breakthroughs on environmental conditions. Using data from the minicomputer, cement, and airline industries from their births through 1980, we demonstrate that technology evolves through periods of incremental change punctuated by technological break-throughs that either enhance or destroy the competence of firms in an industry. These breakthroughs, or technological discontinuities, significantly increase both environmental uncertainty and munificence. The study shows that while competence-destroying discontinuities are initiated by new firms and are associated with increased environmental turbulence, competence-enhancing discontinuities are initiated by existing firms and are associated with decreased environmental turbulence. These effects decrease over successive discontinuities. Those firms that initiate major technological changes grow more rapidly than other firms.},
	annotation = {3466 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Tushman, Michael L. and Anderson, Philip W.},
	doi = {10.2307/2392832},
	eprint = {2392832},
	eprinttype = {jstor},
	issn = {0001-8392},
	journal = {Administrative Science Quarterly},
	number = {3},
	pages = {439--465},
	publisher = {{[Sage Publications, Inc., Johnson Graduate School of Management, Cornell University]}},
	title = {Technological {{Discontinuities}} and {{Organizational Environments}}},
	urldate = {2023-06-10},
	volume = {31},
	year = {1986},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.2307/2392832}}

@article{uherPsychometricsNotMeasurement2021,
	abstract = {Psychometrics has always been confronted with fundamental criticism, highlighting serious insufficiencies and fallacies. Many fallacies persist, however, because each critic explores only some fallacies while still building on others. This article scrutinizes the epistemological, metatheoretical, and methodological foundations of psychometrics, revealing a complex network of numerous conceptual fallacies underlying its framework of theory and practice. At its core lies a key challenge for psychology: the necessity to distinguish the phenomena under study from the means used to explore them (e.g., concepts, methods, data). This distinction is intricate because concepts constitute psychical phenomena in themselves and many psychical phenomena are accessible only through language-based methods. The analyses show how insufficient consideration of this important distinction and common misconceptions about concepts and language (e.g., signifier\textendash referent conflation, reification of constructs) led to conflations of disparate notions of key terms in psychological measurement (e.g., ``variables'', ``attributes'', ``causality'') and numerous interrelated fallacies (e.g., construct\textendash referent conflation, phenomenon\textendash quality\textendash quantity conflation, numeral\textendash number conflation). These fallacies are maintained and masked by repeated conceptual back-and-forth switching between two incompatible epistemological frameworks, (a) an operationist framework of data modeling implemented through methodical and statistical operations and (b) a realist framework of measurement sporadically invoked in theoretical considerations but neither theoretically elaborated nor empirically implemented. The analyses demonstrate that psychometrics constitutes only data modeling but not data generation or even measurement as often assumed and that analogies to (indirect or fundamental) physical measurement are mistaken. They provide theoretical support for the increasing criticism of psychometrics and its use in research and applied contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {14 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Uher, Jana},
	doi = {10.1037/teo0000176},
	issn = {2151-3341},
	journal = {Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology},
	keywords = {Concepts,Epistemology,Experimental Replication,Latent Variables,Measurement,Psychometrics,Quantitative Methods,Simulation,Statistical Variables},
	pages = {58--84},
	publisher = {{Educational Publishing Foundation}},
	shorttitle = {Psychometrics Is Not Measurement},
	title = {Psychometrics Is Not Measurement: {{Unraveling}} a Fundamental Misconception in Quantitative Psychology and the Complex Network of Its Underlying Fallacies},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/teo0000176}}

@book{vallacherComputationalSocialPsychology2017,
	abstract = {Computational Social Psychology showcases a new approach to social psychology that enables theorists and researchers to specify social psychological processes in terms of formal rules that can be implemented and tested using the power of high speed computing technology and sophisticated software. This approach allows for previously infeasible investigations of the multi-dimensional nature of human experience as it unfolds in accordance with different temporal patterns on different timescales. In effect, the computational approach represents a rediscovery of the themes and ambitions that launched the field over a century ago.The book brings together social psychologists with varying topical interests who are taking the lead in this redirection of the field. Many present formal models that are implemented in computer simulations to test basic assumptions and investigate the emergence of higher-order properties; others develop models to fit the real-time evolution of people's inner states, overt behavior, and social interactions. Collectively, the contributions illustrate how the methods and tools of the computational approach can investigate, and transform, the diverse landscape of social psychology.},
	address = {{New York ; London}},
	edition = {1st edition},
	editor = {Vallacher, Robin R. and Read, Stephen J. and Nowak, Andrzej},
	isbn = {978-1-138-95165-5},
	langid = {english},
	month = jun,
	publisher = {{Routledge}},
	title = {Computational {{Social Psychology}}},
	year = {2017}}

@book{vallacherDynamicalSystemsSocial1994,
	abstract = {This book demonstrates how the dynamical systems perspective can explain such social psychological research phenomenon as social relations, attitudes, social cognition, and interpersonal behavior.  Readers will first become familiar with what a dynamical system is, how it operates, and the methodology for studying such a system. The book then applies the dynamical system perspective to the study of specific topics in social behavior and social cognition. The book concludes with a discussion of the implications of dynamical systems theory for social psychological research and recommends other topics and issues in social psychology that may benefit from investigations using a dynamical system approach. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{San Diego, CA, US}},
	editor = {Vallacher, Robin R. and Nowak, Andrzej},
	isbn = {978-0-12-709990-3},
	keywords = {Social Psychology,Systems Theory},
	pages = {xx, 305},
	publisher = {{Academic Press}},
	series = {Dynamical Systems in Social Psychology},
	title = {Dynamical Systems in Social Psychology},
	year = {1994}}

@article{vanborkWhatPfactorPsychopathology2017,
	abstract = {Recent research has suggested that a range of psychological disorders may stem from a single underlying common factor, which has been dubbed the p-factor. This finding may spur a line of research in psychopathology very similar to the history of factor modeling in intelligence and, more recently, personality research, in which similar general factors have been proposed. We point out some of the risks of modeling and interpreting general factors, derived from the fields of intelligence and personality research. We argue that: (a) factor-analytic resolution, i.e., convergence of the literature on a particular factor structure, should not be expected in the presence of multiple highly similar models; and (b) the true underlying model may not be a factor model at all, because alternative explanations can account for the correlational structure of psychopathology.},
	annotation = {61 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {{van Bork}, Riet and Epskamp, Sacha and Rhemtulla, Mijke and Borsboom, Denny and {van der Maas}, Han L. J.},
	doi = {10.1177/0959354317737185},
	issn = {0959-3543},
	journal = {Theory \& Psychology},
	month = dec,
	number = {6},
	pages = {759--773},
	publisher = {{SAGE Publications Ltd}},
	shorttitle = {What Is the P-Factor of Psychopathology?},
	title = {What Is the P-Factor of Psychopathology? {{Some}} Risks of General Factor Modeling},
	urldate = {2023-03-25},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0959354317737185}}

@article{vandenendeReviewMathematicalModeling2022,
	abstract = {Addiction is a complex biopsychosocial phenomenon, impacted by biological predispositions, psychological processes, and the social environment. Using mathematical and computational models that allow for surrogative reasoning may be a promising avenue for gaining a deeper understanding of this complex behavior. This paper reviews and classifies a selection of formal models of addiction focusing on the intra- and inter-individual dynamics, i.e., (neuro) psychological models and social models. We find that these modeling approaches to addiction are too disjoint and argue that in order to unravel the complexities of biopsychosocial processes of addiction, models should integrate intra- and inter-individual factors.},
	annotation = {3 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {{van den Ende}, Maarten W. J. and Epskamp, Sacha and Lees, Michael H. and {van der Maas}, Han L. J. and Wiers, Reinout W. and Sloot, Peter M. A.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107201},
	issn = {0306-4603},
	journal = {Addictive Behaviors},
	keywords = {Addiction,Agent-based modeling,Computational modeling,Dynamical systems,Formal theories,Review},
	langid = {english},
	month = apr,
	pages = {107201},
	title = {A Review of Mathematical Modeling of Addiction Regarding Both (Neuro-) Psychological Processes and the Social Contagion Perspectives},
	urldate = {2023-03-16},
	volume = {127},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107201}}

@article{vandermaasDynamicalModelGeneral2006,
	author = {{van der Maas}, Han L. J. and Dolan, Conor V. and Grasman, Raoul P. P. P. and Wicherts, Jelte M. and Huizenga, Hilde M. and Raijmakers, Maartje E. J.},
	date-modified = {2024-02-10 18:35:44 +0200},
	doi = {10/c3jm44},
	issn = {1939-1471, 0033-295X},
	journal = {Psychological Review},
	langid = {english},
	number = {4},
	pages = {842--861},
	shorttitle = {A Dynamical Model of General Intelligence},
	title = {A Dynamical Model of General Intelligence: {{The}} Positive Manifold of Intelligence by Mutualism.},
	urldate = {2021-07-06},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2006},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10/c3jm44}}

@article{vandermaasHowMuchIntelligence2021,
	abstract = {Schank (1980) wrote an editorial for Intelligence on ``How much intelligence is there in artificial intelligence?''. In this paper, we revisit this question. We start with a short overview of modern AI and showcase some of the AI breakthroughs in the four decades since Schank's paper. We follow with a description of the main techniques these AI breakthroughs were based upon, such as deep learning and reinforcement learning; two techniques that have deep roots in psychology. Next, we discuss how psychologically plausible AI is and could become given the modern breakthroughs in AI's ability to learn. We then access the main question of how intelligent AI systems actually are. For example, are there AI systems that can solve human intelligence tests? We conclude that Shank's observation, that intelligence is all about generalization and that AI is not particularly good at this, has, so far, withstood the test of time. Finally, we consider what AI insights could mean for the study of individual differences in intelligence. We close with how AI can further Intelligence research and vice versa, and look forward to fruitful interactions in the future.},
	annotation = {16 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {{van der Maas}, Han L. J. and Snoek, Lukas and Stevenson, Claire E.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.intell.2021.101548},
	issn = {0160-2896},
	journal = {Intelligence},
	keywords = {Artificial Intelligence,Deep learning,Individual differences,Intelligence tests,Reinforcement},
	langid = {english},
	month = jul,
	pages = {101548},
	shorttitle = {How Much Intelligence Is There in Artificial Intelligence?},
	title = {How Much Intelligence Is There in Artificial Intelligence? {{A}} 2020 Update},
	urldate = {2023-02-08},
	volume = {87},
	year = {2021},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2021.101548}}

@article{vandermaasIntelligenceWhatIntelligence2014,
	abstract = {The mutualism model, an alternative for the g-factor model of intelligence, implies a formative measurement model in which ``g'' is an index variable without a causal role. If this model is accurate, the search for a genetic of brain instantiation of ``g'' is deemed useless. This also implies that the (weighted) sum score of items of an intelligence test is just what it is: a weighted sum score. Preference for one index above the other is a pragmatic issue that rests mainly on predictive value.},
	annotation = {43 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {{van der Maas}, Han L. J. and Kan, Kees-Jan and Borsboom, Denny},
	copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},
	doi = {10.3390/jintelligence2010012},
	issn = {2079-3200},
	journal = {Journal of Intelligence},
	keywords = {\emph{g}-factor,formative model,intelligence test,IQ,mutualism model},
	langid = {english},
	month = mar,
	number = {1},
	pages = {12--15},
	publisher = {{Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute}},
	title = {Intelligence {{Is What}} the {{Intelligence Test Measures}}. {{Seriously}}},
	urldate = {2023-03-31},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2014},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence2010012}}

@article{vandermaasMetaphor1995,
	author = {{van der Maas}, Han L. J.},
	journal = {Cognitive Development},
	keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
	langid = {english},
	title = {Beyond the Metaphor?},
	urldate = {2021-08-21},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1995}}

@article{vandermaasNetworkModelsCognitive2017,
	abstract = {Cronbach's (1957) famous division of scientific psychology into two disciplines is still apparent for the fields of cognition (general mechanisms) and intelligence (dimensionality of individual differences). The welcome integration of the two fields requires the construction of mechanistic models of cognition and cognitive development that explain key phenomena in individual differences research. In this paper, we argue that network modeling is a promising approach to integrate the processes of cognitive development and (developing) intelligence into one unified theory. Network models are defined mathematically, describe mechanisms on the level of the individual, and are able to explain positive correlations among intelligence subtest scores\textemdash the empirical basis for the well-known g-factor\textemdash as well as more complex factorial structures. Links between network modeling, factor modeling, and item response theory allow for a common metric, encompassing both discrete and continuous characteristics, for cognitive development and intelligence.},
	annotation = {77 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {{van der Maas}, Han L. J. and Kan, Kees-Jan and Marsman, Maarten and Stevenson, Claire E.},
	copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},
	doi = {10.3390/jintelligence5020016},
	issn = {2079-3200},
	journal = {Journal of Intelligence},
	keywords = {cognitive development,development of intelligence,factor models,intelligence,latent variable models,network models,psychometrics},
	langid = {english},
	month = jun,
	number = {2},
	pages = {16},
	publisher = {{Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute}},
	title = {Network {{Models}} for {{Cognitive Development}} and {{Intelligence}}},
	urldate = {2023-03-24},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence5020016}}

@article{vandermaasNoteChaoticBehavior1990,
	abstract = {Local dynamics in a neural network are described by a two-dimensional (backpropagation or Hebbian) map of network activation and coupling strength. Adiabetic reduction leads to a nonlinear one-dimensional map of coupling strength, suggesting the presence of a period-doubling route to chaos. It is shown that smooth variation of one of the parameters of the original map\textemdash learning rate\textemdash gives rise to period-doubling bifurcations of total coupling strength. Firstly, the associated bifurcation diagrams are given which indicate the presence of chaotic regimes and periodic windows. Secondly, pseudo-phase space diagrams and the Lyapunov exponents for alleged chaotic regimes are presented. Finally, spectral plots associated with these regimes are shown.},
	annotation = {51 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {{van der Maas}, Han L. J. and Verschure, Paul F. M. J. and Molenaar, Peter C. M.},
	doi = {10.1016/0893-6080(90)90050-U},
	issn = {0893-6080},
	journal = {Neural Networks},
	keywords = {Autoassociator,Backpropagation,Bifurcation,Chaotic behavior,Deterministic chaos,Hebbian learning,Nonlinearity,Periodic windows},
	langid = {english},
	month = jan,
	number = {1},
	pages = {119--122},
	title = {A Note on Chaotic Behavior in Simple Neural Networks},
	urldate = {2023-02-10},
	volume = {3},
	year = {1990},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0893-6080(90)90050-U}}

@article{vandermaasSuddenTransitionsAttitudes2003,
	author = {{van der Maas}, Han L. J. and Kolstein, Rogier and {van der Pligt}, Joop},
	doi = {10.1177/0049124103253773},
	issn = {1552-8294(Electronic),0049-1241(Print)},
	journal = {Sociological Methods \& Research},
	number = {2},
	pages = {125--152},
	title = {Sudden {{Transitions}} in {{Attitudes}}},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2003},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124103253773}}

@article{vangeertDynamicSystemsModel1991,
	abstract = {In the first part of the article, a conceptual framework is sketched to define cognitive growth, including language growth, as a process of growth under limited resources. Important concepts are the process, level, and rate of growth; minimal structural growth level; carrying capacity and unutilized capacity for growth; and feedback delay. Second, a mathematical model of cognitive growth under limited resources is presented, with the conclusion that the most plausible model is a model of logistic growth with delayed feedback. Third, the model is transformed into a dynamic systems model based on the logistic growth equation. This model describes cognitive growth as a system of supportive and competitive interactions between growers. Models of normal logistic growth, U-shaped growth, bootstrap growth, and competitive growth are also presented. An overview is presented of forms of adaptation of resources (e.g., parental and tutorial assistance and support) to the growth characteristics of a cognitive or linguistic competence. Finally, the question of how the model can account for stages of growth is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {246 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {{van Geert}, Paul},
	doi = {10.1037/0033-295X.98.1.3},
	issn = {1939-1471},
	journal = {Psychological Review},
	keywords = {Cognitive Development,Language Development,Mathematical Modeling,Systems Theory},
	pages = {3--53},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	title = {A Dynamic Systems Model of Cognitive and Language Growth},
	volume = {98},
	year = {1991},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.98.1.3}}

@article{vangeertDynamicSystemsModel1998,
	abstract = {A dynamic systems model is proposed on the basis of a general developmental mechanism adopted from the theories of J. Piaget and L. S. Vygotsky, more particularly a mechanism based on the concepts assimilation versus accommodation and actual development versus zone of proximal development. In the model, action and experience have a distributed effect on contents (skills, knowledge, rules, action patterns, etc.) ordered along an abstract developmental distance dimension. After a mathematical treatment of the model, an overview is given of empirical evidence on continuous and discontinuous change. The dynamic model is then applied to the classic Piagetian and the neo-Piagetian models, models of continuous and discontinuous domain-specific change, and to models of cognitive strategies, transitions, microdevelopment, and inter- and intraindividual variability. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {162 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {{van Geert}, Paul},
	doi = {10.1037/0033-295X.105.4.634-677},
	issn = {1939-1471},
	journal = {Psychological Review},
	keywords = {Developmental Psychology,Models,Piaget (Jean),Theories,Vygotsky (Lev)},
	pages = {634--677},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	shorttitle = {A Dynamic Systems Model of Basic Developmental Mechanisms},
	title = {A Dynamic Systems Model of Basic Developmental Mechanisms: {{Piaget}}, {{Vygotsky}}, and Beyond},
	volume = {105},
	year = {1998},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.105.4.634-677}}

@article{vangeliPredictorsAttemptsStop2011,
	abstract = {AIMS: To identify the predictors of attempts to stop smoking and the predictors of quit attempt success in adult general population samples. METHODS: We performed an electronic search of EMBASE, Pubmed, Web of Science, PsychINFO and the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group specialized register for articles that examined, in prospective adult general population samples, predictors of quit attempts and the success of quit attempts. Experts were contacted for knowledge of other relevant studies. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria and results were extracted independently by two researchers. RESULTS: There was considerable methodological heterogeneity between studies. Motivational factors dominated the prediction of quit attempts, whereas only cigarette dependence consistently predicted success after an attempt had been made. Social grade also appeared to predict success but was only examined in two studies. None of the other socio-demographic factors consistently predicted making a quit attempt or success. CONCLUSIONS: Population-level studies from a number of countries show that past quit attempts and measures of motivation to stop are highly predictive of quit attempts, whereas only measures of dependence are consistently predictive of success of those attempts. Gender, age and marital status and educational level are not related consistently to quit attempts or quit success across countries.},
	annotation = {415 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Vangeli, Eleni and Stapleton, John and Smit, Eline Suzanne and Borland, Ron and West, Robert},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03565.x},
	issn = {1360-0443},
	journal = {Addiction (Abingdon, England)},
	keywords = {Adult,Attitude to Health,{Databases, Bibliographic},Female,Humans,Male,Meta-Analysis as Topic,Motivation,{Outcome Assessment, Health Care},Prospective Studies,Severity of Illness Index,Smoking,Smoking Cessation,Socioeconomic Factors,Tobacco Use Disorder,Treatment Outcome},
	langid = {english},
	month = dec,
	number = {12},
	pages = {2110--2121},
	pmid = {21752135},
	shorttitle = {Predictors of Attempts to Stop Smoking and Their Success in Adult General Population Samples},
	title = {Predictors of Attempts to Stop Smoking and Their Success in Adult General Population Samples: A Systematic Review},
	volume = {106},
	year = {2011},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03565.x}}

@article{vanoverwalleConnectionistModelAttitude2005,
	abstract = {This article discusses a recurrent connectionist network, simulating empirical phenomena usually explained by current dual-process approaches of attitudes, thereby focusing on the processing mechanisms that may underlie both central and peripheral routes of persuasion. Major findings in attitude formation and change involving both processing modes are reviewed and modeled from a connectionist perspective. We use an autoassociative network architecture with a linear activation update and the delta learning algorithm for adjusting the connection weights. The network is applied to well-known experiments involving deliberative attitude formation, as well as the use of heuristics of length, consensus, expertise, and mood. All these empirical phenomena are successfully reproduced in the simulations. Moreover, the proposed model is shown to be consistent with algebraic models of attitude formation (Fishbein \& Ajzen, 1975). The discussion centers on how the proposed network model may be used to unite and formalize current ideas and hypotheses on the processes underlying attitude acquisition and how it can be deployed to develop novel hypotheses in the attitude domain.},
	annotation = {58 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Van Overwalle, Frank and Siebler, Frank},
	doi = {10.1207/s15327957pspr0903_3},
	issn = {1088-8683},
	journal = {Personality and Social Psychology Review: An Official Journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc},
	keywords = {Attention,Attitude,Humans,Memory,{Neural Networks, Computer}},
	langid = {english},
	number = {3},
	pages = {231--274},
	pmid = {16083362},
	title = {A Connectionist Model of Attitude Formation and Change},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2005},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0903_3}}

@book{varelaEmbodiedMindRevised2017,
	abstract = {A new edition of a classic work that originated the ``embodied cognition'' movement and was one of the first to link science and Buddhist practices.This classic book, first published in 1991, was one of the first to propose the ``embodied cognition'' approach in cognitive science. It pioneered the connections between phenomenology and science and between Buddhist practices and science\textemdash claims that have since become highly influential. Through this cross-fertilization of disparate fields of study, The Embodied Mind introduced a new form of cognitive science called ``enaction,'' in which both the environment and first person experience are aspects of embodiment. However, enactive embodiment is not the grasping of an independent, outside world by a brain, a mind, or a self; rather it is the bringing forth of an interdependent world in and through embodied action. Although enacted cognition lacks an absolute foundation, the book shows how that does not lead to either experiential or philosophical nihilism. Above all, the book's arguments were powered by the conviction that the sciences of mind must encompass lived human experience and the possibilities for transformation inherent in human experience. This revised edition includes substantive introductions by Evan Thompson and Eleanor Rosch that clarify central arguments of the work and discuss and evaluate subsequent research that has expanded on the themes of the book, including the renewed theoretical and practical interest in Buddhism and mindfulness. A preface by Jon Kabat-Zinn, the originator of the mindfulness-based stress reduction program, contextualizes the book and describes its influence on his life and work.},
	author = {Varela, Francisco J. and Thompson, Evan and Rosch, Eleanor},
	googlebooks = {bxLiDQAAQBAJ},
	isbn = {978-0-262-33550-8},
	keywords = {Philosophy / Mind \& Body,Psychology / Cognitive Psychology \& Cognition,Science / Cognitive Science},
	langid = {english},
	month = jan,
	publisher = {{MIT Press}},
	shorttitle = {The {{Embodied Mind}}, Revised Edition},
	title = {The {{Embodied Mind}}, Revised Edition: {{Cognitive Science}} and {{Human Experience}}},
	year = {2017}}

@article{verdonckIsingDecisionMaker2014,
	abstract = {[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 122(1) of Psychological Review (see record 2014-57178-002). An inaccurate assumption in Appendix B (provided in the erratum) led to an oversimplified result in Equation 18 (the diffusion equations associated with the microscopically defined dynamics). The authors sincerely thank Rani Moran for making them aware of the problem. Only the expression of the diffusion coefficient D is incorrect, and should be changed, as indicated in the erratum. Both the cause of the problem and the solution are also explained in the erratum.] The Ising Decision Maker (IDM) is a new formal model for speeded two-choice decision making derived from the stochastic Hopfield network or dynamic Ising model. On a microscopic level, it consists of 2 pools of binary stochastic neurons with pairwise interactions. Inside each pool, neurons excite each other, whereas between pools, neurons inhibit each other. The perceptual input is represented by an external excitatory field. Using methods from statistical mechanics, the high-dimensional network of neurons (microscopic level) is reduced to a two-dimensional stochastic process, describing the evolution of the mean neural activity per pool (macroscopic level). The IDM can be seen as an abstract, analytically tractable multiple attractor network model of information accumulation. In this article, the properties of the IDM are studied, the relations to existing models are discussed, and it is shown that the most important basic aspects of two-choice response time data can be reproduced. In addition, the IDM is shown to predict a variety of observed psychophysical relations such as Pi\'eron's law, the van der Molen-Keuss effect, and Weber's law. Using Bayesian methods, the model is fitted to both simulated and real data, and its performance is compared to the Ratcliff diffusion model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {19 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Verdonck, Stijn and Tuerlinckx, Francis},
	doi = {10.1037/a0037012},
	issn = {1939-1471},
	journal = {Psychological Review},
	keywords = {Choice Behavior,Decision Making,Inference,Reaction Time,Statistical Inference,Statistical Probability,Stochastic Modeling},
	pages = {422--462},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	shorttitle = {The {{Ising Decision Maker}}},
	title = {The {{Ising Decision Maker}}: {{A}} Binary Stochastic Network for Choice Response Time},
	volume = {121},
	year = {2014},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037012}}

@book{visserMixtureHiddenMarkov2022,
	abstract = {This book discusses mixture and hidden Markov models for modeling behavioral data. Mixture and hidden Markov models are statistical models which are useful when an observed system occupies a number of distinct ``regimes'' or unobserved (hidden) states. These models are widely used in a variety of fields, including artificial intelligence, biology, finance, and psychology. Hidden Markov models can be viewed as an extension of mixture models, to model transitions between states over time. Covering both mixture and hidden Markov models in a single book allows main concepts and issues to be introduced in the relatively simpler context of mixture models. After a thorough treatment of the theory and practice of mixture modeling, the conceptual leap towards hidden Markov models is relatively straightforward. This book provides many practical examples illustrating the wide variety of uses of the models. These examples are drawn from our own work in psychology, as well as other areas such as financial time series and climate data. Most examples illustrate the use of the authors' depmixS4 package, which provides a flexible framework to construct and estimate mixture and hidden Markov models. All examples are fully reproducible and the accompanying hmmR package provides all the datasets used, as well as additional functionality. This book is suitable for advanced students and researchers with an applied background.},
	author = {Visser, Ingmar and Speekenbrink, Maarten},
	googlebooks = {CvP3zgEACAAJ},
	isbn = {978-3-031-01438-3},
	keywords = {Mathematics / Probability \& Statistics / General,Mathematics / Probability \& Statistics / Stochastic Processes,Medical / Biostatistics},
	langid = {english},
	month = jun,
	publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}},
	title = {Mixture and {{Hidden Markov Models}} with {{R}}},
	year = {2022}}

@article{voelkleSEMApproachContinuous2012,
	abstract = {[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 17(3) of Psychological Methods (see record 2012-24038-005). The supplemental materials link was missing. All versions of this article have been corrected.] Panel studies, in which the same subjects are repeatedly observed at multiple time points, are among the most popular longitudinal designs in psychology. Meanwhile, there exists a wide range of different methods to analyze such data, with autoregressive and cross-lagged models being 2 of the most well known representatives. Unfortunately, in these models time is only considered implicitly, making it difficult to account for unequally spaced measurement occasions or to compare parameter estimates across studies that are based on different time intervals. Stochastic differential equations offer a solution to this problem by relating the discrete time model to its underlying model in continuous time. It is the goal of the present article to introduce this approach to a broader psychological audience. A step-by-step review of the relationship between discrete and continuous time modeling is provided, and we demonstrate how continuous time parameters can be obtained via structural equation modeling. An empirical example on the relationship between authoritarianism and anomia is used to illustrate the approach. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {153 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Voelkle, Manuel C. and Oud, Johan H. L. and Davidov, Eldad and Schmidt, Peter},
	doi = {10.1037/a0027543},
	issn = {1939-1463},
	journal = {Psychological Methods},
	keywords = {Authoritarianism,Longitudinal Studies,Models,Statistical Analysis,Statistical Regression,Stochastic Modeling,Structural Equation Modeling},
	pages = {176--192},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	shorttitle = {An {{SEM}} Approach to Continuous Time Modeling of Panel Data},
	title = {An {{SEM}} Approach to Continuous Time Modeling of Panel Data: {{Relating}} Authoritarianism and Anomia},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2012},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027543}}

@article{volberdaCoevolutionaryDynamicsFirms2003,
	abstract = {The extensive selection\textendash adaptation literature spans diverse theoretical perspectives, but is inconclusive on the role of managerial intentionality in organizational adaptation. Indeed this voluminous literature has more to say about selection and sources and causes of structural inertia than about self-renewing organizations that might counteract such inertia. In this introductory essay, we identify four co-evolutionary generative mechanisms (engines) \textendash{} na\"ive selection, managed selection, hierarchical renewal and holistic renewal \textendash{} which illustrate the extensive range of evolutionary paths that can take place in a population of organizations. In particular, the managed selection engine provides the foundations of the underlying principles of co-evolving self-renewing organizations: managing internal rates of change, optimizing self-organization, and balancing concurrent exploration and exploitation. However, it is altogether clear that empirical co-evolution research represents the next frontier for empirically resolving the adaptation selection debate. The essay concludes with a discussion of requirements for co-evolutionary empirical research and introduces the empirical papers in this Special Research Symposium.},
	annotation = {325 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Volberda, Henk W. and Lewin, Arie Y.},
	doi = {10.1046/j.1467-6486.2003.00414.x},
	issn = {1467-6486},
	journal = {Journal of Management Studies},
	langid = {english},
	number = {8},
	pages = {2111--2136},
	shorttitle = {Co-Evolutionary {{Dynamics Within}} and {{Between Firms}}},
	title = {Co-Evolutionary {{Dynamics Within}} and {{Between Firms}}: {{From Evolution}} to {{Co-evolution}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-18},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2003},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-6486.2003.00414.x}}

@article{wagemansCenturyGestaltPsychology2012,
	abstract = {In 1912, Max Wertheimer published his paper on phi motion, widely recognized as the start of Gestalt psychology. Because of its continued relevance in modern psychology, this centennial anniversary is an excellent opportunity to take stock of what Gestalt psychology has offered and how it has changed since its inception. We first introduce the key findings and ideas in the Berlin school of Gestalt psychology, and then briefly sketch its development, rise, and fall. Next, we discuss its empirical and conceptual problems, and indicate how they are addressed in contemporary research on perceptual grouping and figure\textendash ground organization. In particular, we review the principles of grouping, both classical (e.g., proximity, similarity, common fate, good continuation, closure, symmetry, parallelism) and new (e.g., synchrony, common region, element and uniform connectedness), and their role in contour integration and completion. We then review classic and new image-based principles of figure\textendash ground organization, how it is influenced by past experience and attention, and how it relates to shape and depth perception. After an integrated review of the neural mechanisms involved in contour grouping, border ownership, and figure\textendash ground perception, we conclude by evaluating what modern vision science has offered compared to traditional Gestalt psychology, whether we can speak of a Gestalt revival, and where the remaining limitations and challenges lie. A better integration of this research tradition with the rest of vision science requires further progress regarding the conceptual and theoretical foundations of the Gestalt approach, which is the focus of a second review article. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {711 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Wagemans, Johan and Elder, James H. and Kubovy, Michael and Palmer, Stephen E. and Peterson, Mary A. and Singh, Manish and {von der Heydt}, R{\"u}diger},
	doi = {10.1037/a0029333},
	issn = {1939-1455},
	journal = {Psychological Bulletin},
	keywords = {Figure Ground Discrimination,Form and Shape Perception,Gestalt Psychology,Visual Perception},
	pages = {1172--1217},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	shorttitle = {A Century of {{Gestalt}} Psychology in Visual Perception},
	title = {A Century of {{Gestalt}} Psychology in Visual Perception: {{I}}. {{Perceptual}} Grouping and Figure\textendash Ground Organization},
	volume = {138},
	year = {2012},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029333}}

@article{wagenmakersTransformationInvariantStochastic2005,
	author = {Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan and Molenaar, Peter C. M. and Grasman, Raoul P. P. P. and Hartelman, Pascal A. I. and {van der Maas}, Han L. J.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.physd.2005.08.014},
	issn = {0167-2789},
	journal = {Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena},
	month = nov,
	number = {3},
	pages = {263--276},
	title = {Transformation Invariant Stochastic Catastrophe Theory},
	volume = {211},
	year = {2005},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physd.2005.08.014}}

@article{waldorpRelationsNetworksRegression2022,
	abstract = {The Gaussian graphical model (GGM) has become a popular tool for analyzing networks of psychological variables. In a recent article in this journal, Forbes, Wright, Markon, and Krueger (FWMK) voiced the concern that GGMs that are estimated from partial correlations wrongfully remove the variance that is shared by its constituents. If true, this concern has grave consequences for the application of GGMs. Indeed, if partial correlations only capture the unique covariances, then the data that come from a unidimensional latent variable model ULVM should be associated with an empty network (no edges), as there are no unique covariances in a ULVM. We know that this cannot be true, which suggests that FWMK are missing something with their claim. We introduce a connection between the ULVM and the GGM and use that connection to prove that we find a fully-connected and not an empty network associated with a ULVM. We then use the relation between GGMs and linear regression to show that the partial correlation indeed does not remove the common variance.},
	annotation = {4 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Waldorp, Lourens J. and Marsman, Maarten},
	doi = {10.1080/00273171.2021.1938959},
	issn = {0027-3171},
	journal = {Multivariate Behavioral Research},
	keywords = {Gaussian graphical model,type I and II sum of squares,unidimensional latent variable model},
	month = nov,
	number = {6},
	pages = {994--1006},
	pmid = {34397314},
	publisher = {{Routledge}},
	title = {Relations between {{Networks}}, {{Regression}}, {{Partial Correlation}}, and the {{Latent Variable Model}}},
	urldate = {2023-06-25},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2022},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2021.1938959}}

@article{weaverScienceComplexity1948,
	author = {Weaver, Warren},
	eprint = {27826254},
	eprinttype = {jstor},
	issn = {0003-0996},
	journal = {American Scientist},
	keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
	number = {4},
	pages = {536--544},
	publisher = {{Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society}},
	title = {Science and {{Complexity}}},
	urldate = {2023-06-12},
	volume = {36},
	year = {1948}}

@article{weisbuchMeetDiscussSegregate2002,
	abstract = {We present a model of opinion dynamics in which agents adjust continuous opinions as a result of random binary encounters whenever their difference in opinion is below a given threshold. High thresholds yield convergence of opinions toward an average opinion, whereas low thresholds result in several opinion clusters. The model is further generalized to network interactions, threshold heterogeneity, adaptive thresholds, and binary strings of opinions. \textcopyright{} 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
	annotation = {327 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Weisbuch, G{\'e}rard and Deffuant, Guillaume and Amblard, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Nadal, Jean-Pierre},
	doi = {10.1002/cplx.10031},
	issn = {1099-0526},
	journal = {Complexity},
	keywords = {bounded confidence,heterogeneous agents,opinion dynamics},
	langid = {english},
	number = {3},
	pages = {55--63},
	title = {Meet, Discuss, and Segregate!},
	urldate = {2023-04-22},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2002},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1002/cplx.10031}}

@book{wheelerHomeUniverse1994,
	abstract = {Colleague and confidant of Einstein and Bohr, pioneer of nuclear fission theory, and staunch champion of the theory of black holes - John Archibald Wheeler is one of the most original and profound thinkers of modern science. In 1939 he published, with Niels Bohr, the first paper to describe nuclear fission successfully in terms of quantum physics, a ground-breaking study that led to his involvement in the Los Alamos atom bomb project and his subsequent work on the hydrogen bomb. Wheeler has made significant contributions to atomic and nuclear physics, elementary-particle physics, relativity theory, cosmology, and astrophysics. Yet, in the final analysis, it is his simple delight and wonder in "the machinery of existence" that illuminates this collection. At Home in the Universe presents a feast of engaging essays formed of reminiscence, science, and conjecture. Wheeler provides intimate glimpses of Einstein, Bohr, and other giants in the field who were his friends and collaborators. He writes of debates and discussions with Bohr that formed the cornerstone of nuclear fission theory, long talks with Einstein in his upstairs study at Princeton, and the eloquence and nobility of Hermann Weyl. He sees in these and other great physicists - Marie Curie, Hideki Yukawa, and Hendrik Anthony Kramers - exemplars of the scientific spirit. Wheeler ranges over what he calls the "intensely human activity" of science, the nature of scientific endeavor, the role of curiosity and creativity, characteristics of good scientists, and scientific skepticism and optimism. He delves into new directions of physics, notably his intriguing proposition that reality can be thought of as binary units - or "bits" -similar to those from information theory. Uniting the collection is Wheeler's lifelong passion for the truth and his unconcealed joy in its pursuit. An unforgettable journey through the mind and memory of one of the century's great physicists, At Home in the Universe will delight, educate, and inspire.},
	author = {Wheeler, John Archibald},
	googlebooks = {F9fuAAAAMAAJ},
	isbn = {978-0-88318-862-0},
	langid = {english},
	publisher = {{American Institute of Physics}},
	title = {At {{Home}} in the {{Universe}}},
	year = {1994}}

@article{wichersCriticalSlowingPersonalized2016,
	annotation = {183 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Wichers, Marieke and Groot, Peter C. and Psychosystems, ESM Group},
	doi = {10.1159/000441458},
	issn = {0033-3190, 1423-0348},
	journal = {Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics},
	langid = {english},
	number = {2},
	pages = {114--116},
	pmid = {26821231},
	publisher = {{Karger Publishers}},
	title = {Critical {{Slowing Down}} as a {{Personalized Early Warning Signal}} for {{Depression}}},
	urldate = {2023-01-27},
	volume = {85},
	year = {2016},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1159/000441458}}

@book{wienerCyberneticsControlCommunication2019,
	abstract = {A classic and influential work that laid the theoretical foundations for information theory and a timely text for contemporary informations theorists and practitioners.With the influential book Cybernetics, first published in 1948, Norbert Wiener laid the theoretical foundations for the multidisciplinary field of cybernetics, the study of controlling the flow of information in systems with feedback loops, be they biological, mechanical, cognitive, or social. At the core of Wiener's theory is the message (information), sent and responded to (feedback); the functionality of a machine, organism, or society depends on the quality of messages. Information corrupted by noise prevents homeostasis, or equilibrium. And yet Cybernetics is as philosophical as it is technical, with the first chapter devoted to Newtonian and Bergsonian time and the philosophical mixed with the technical throughout. This book brings the 1961 second edition back into print, with new forewords by Doug Hill and Sanjoy Mitter. Contemporary readers of Cybernetics will marvel at Wiener's prescience\textemdash his warnings against ``noise,'' his disdain for ``hucksters'' and ``gadget worshipers,'' and his view of the mass media as the single greatest anti-homeostatic force in society. This edition of Cybernetics gives a new generation access to a classic text.},
	author = {Wiener, Norbert},
	isbn = {978-0-262-35591-9},
	keywords = {Computers / Cybernetics},
	langid = {english},
	month = oct,
	publisher = {{MIT Press}},
	title = {Cybernetics or {{Control}} and {{Communication}} in the {{Animal}} and the {{Machine}}, {{Reissue}} of the 1961 Second Edition},
	year = {2019}}

@book{wilenskyIntroductionAgentbasedModeling2015,
	address = {{Cambridge, Massachusetts}},
	author = {Wilensky, Uri and Rand, William},
	isbn = {978-0-262-73189-8},
	keywords = {Computer simulation,Data processing,Multiagent systems,NetLogo (Computer program language),System analysis},
	langid = {english},
	lccn = {T57.62 .W54 2015},
	publisher = {{The MIT Press}},
	shorttitle = {An Introduction to Agent-Based Modeling},
	title = {An Introduction to Agent-Based Modeling: Modeling Natural, Social, and Engineered Complex Systems with {{NetLogo}}},
	year = {2015}}

@article{witkiewitzNonnormalityDivergencePosttreatment2007,
	abstract = {Alcohol lapses are the modal outcome following treatment for alcohol use disorders, yet many alcohol researchers have encountered limited success in the prediction and prevention of relapse. One hypothesis is that lapses are unpredictable, but another possibility is the complexity of the relapse process is not captured by traditional statistical methods. Data from Project Matching Alcohol Treatments to Client Heterogeneity (Project MATCH), a multisite alcohol treatment study, were reanalyzed with 2 statistical methodologies: catastrophe and 2-part growth mixture modeling. Drawing on previous investigations of self-efficacy as a dynamic predictor of relapse, the current study revisits the self-efficacy matching hypothesis, which was not statistically supported in Project MATCH. Results from both the catastrophe and growth mixture analyses demonstrated a dynamic relationship between self-efficacy and drinking outcomes. The growth mixture analyses provided evidence in support of the original matching hypothesis: Individuals with lower self-efficacy who received cognitive behavior therapy drank far less frequently than did those with low self-efficacy who received motivational therapy. These results highlight the dynamical nature of the relapse process and the importance of the use of methodologies that accommodate this complexity when evaluating treatment outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)},
	address = {{US}},
	annotation = {50 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Witkiewitz, Katie and {van der Maas}, Han L. J. and Hufford, Michael R. and Marlatt, G. Alan},
	doi = {10.1037/0021-843X.116.2.378},
	issn = {1939-1846},
	journal = {Journal of Abnormal Psychology},
	keywords = {Alcohol Treatment,Alcohol Use,Alcoholism,Mixture Modeling,Models,Relapse (Disorders),Relapse Prevention,Self-Efficacy},
	pages = {378--394},
	publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
	shorttitle = {Nonnormality and Divergence in Posttreatment Alcohol Use},
	title = {Nonnormality and Divergence in Posttreatment Alcohol Use: {{Reexamining}} the {{Project MATCH}} Data "Another Way."},
	volume = {116},
	year = {2007},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.116.2.378}}

@article{wittenbornDepressionSystemicSyndrome2016,
	abstract = {BackgroundDepression is a complex public health problem with considerable variation in treatment response. The systemic complexity of depression, or the feedback processes among diverse drivers of the disorder, contribute to the persistence of depression. This paper extends prior attempts to understand the complex causal feedback mechanisms that underlie depression by presenting the first broad boundary causal loop diagram of depression dynamics.MethodWe applied qualitative system dynamics methods to map the broad feedback mechanisms of depression. We used a structured approach to identify candidate causal mechanisms of depression in the literature. We assessed the strength of empirical support for each mechanism and prioritized those with support from validation studies. Through an iterative process, we synthesized the empirical literature and created a conceptual model of major depressive disorder.ResultsThe literature review and synthesis resulted in the development of the first causal loop diagram of reinforcing feedback processes of depression. It proposes candidate drivers of illness, or inertial factors, and their temporal functioning, as well as the interactions among drivers of depression. The final causal loop diagram defines 13 key reinforcing feedback loops that involve nine candidate drivers of depression.ConclusionsFuture research is needed to expand upon this initial model of depression dynamics. Quantitative extensions may result in a better understanding of the systemic syndrome of depression and contribute to personalized methods of evaluation, prevention and intervention.},
	annotation = {102 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Wittenborn, A. K. and Rahmandad, H. and Rick, J. and Hosseinichimeh, N.},
	doi = {10.1017/S0033291715002044},
	issn = {0033-2917, 1469-8978},
	journal = {Psychological Medicine},
	keywords = {Feedback loops,feedback mechanisms,major depressive disorder,personalized medicine,system dynamics},
	langid = {english},
	month = feb,
	number = {3},
	pages = {551--562},
	publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
	shorttitle = {Depression as a Systemic Syndrome},
	title = {Depression as a Systemic Syndrome: Mapping the Feedback Loops of Major Depressive Disorder},
	urldate = {2023-03-31},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2016},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715002044}}

@article{xueNovelSwarmIntelligence2020,
	abstract = {In this paper, a novel swarm optimization approach, namely sparrow search algorithm (SSA), is proposed inspired by the group wisdom, foraging and anti-predation behaviours of sparrows. Experiments on 19 benchmark functions are conducted to test the performance of the SSA and its performance is compared with other algorithms such as grey wolf optimizer (GWO), gravitational search algorithm (GSA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Simulation results show that the proposed SSA is superior over GWO, PSO and GSA in terms of accuracy, convergence speed, stability and robustness. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed SSA is demonstrated in two practical engineering examples.},
	annotation = {970 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Xue, Jiankai and Shen, Bo},
	doi = {10.1080/21642583.2019.1708830},
	issn = {null},
	journal = {Systems Science \& Control Engineering},
	keywords = {convergence speed,sparrow search algorithm,stability and robustness,Swarm optimization},
	month = jan,
	number = {1},
	pages = {22--34},
	publisher = {{Taylor \& Francis}},
	shorttitle = {A Novel Swarm Intelligence Optimization Approach},
	title = {A Novel Swarm Intelligence Optimization Approach: Sparrow Search Algorithm},
	urldate = {2023-02-18},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21642583.2019.1708830}}

@article{youngCausalityPsychiatryHybrid2015,
	abstract = {Causality or etiology in psychiatry is marked by standard biomedical, reductionistic models (symptoms reflect the construct involved) that inform approaches to nosology, or classification, such as in the DSM-5 [Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; (1)]. However, network approaches to symptom interaction [i.e., symptoms are formative of the construct; e.g., (2), for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)] are being developed that speak to bottom-up processes in mental disorder, in contrast to the typical top-down psychological construct approach. The present article presents a hybrid top-down, bottom-up model of the relationship between symptoms and mental disorder, viewing symptom expression and their causal complex as a reciprocally dynamic system with multiple levels, from lower-order symptoms in interaction to higher-order constructs affecting them. The hybrid model hinges on good understanding of systems theory in which it is embedded, so that the article reviews in depth non-linear dynamical systems theory (NLDST). The article applies the concept of emergent circular causality (3) to symptom development, as well. Conclusions consider that symptoms vary over several dimensions, including: subjectivity; objectivity; conscious motivation effort; and unconscious influences, and the degree to which individual (e.g., meaning) and universal (e.g., causal) processes are involved. The opposition between science and skepticism is a complex one that the article addresses in final comments.},
	annotation = {34 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Young, Gerald},
	doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00164},
	issn = {1664-0640},
	journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry},
	shorttitle = {Causality in {{Psychiatry}}},
	title = {Causality in {{Psychiatry}}: {{A Hybrid Symptom Network Construct Model}}},
	urldate = {2023-02-18},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2015},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00164}}

@article{zahlerClaimsAccomplishmentsApplied1977,
	abstract = {Several representative attempts to apply catastrophe theory to biological and social science problems turn out on close analysis to be characterised by incorrect reasoning, far-fetched assumptions, erroneous consequences, and exaggerated claims. Catastrophe theory seems to have made no significant contributions to biology and the social sciences, and to have no advantage over other better-established mathematical tools which have been used to better effect.},
	annotation = {81 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13] ADS Bibcode: 1977Natur.269..759Z},
	author = {Zahler, Raphael S. and Sussmann, Hector J.},
	doi = {10.1038/269759a0},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	journal = {Nature},
	month = oct,
	pages = {759--763},
	title = {Claims and Accomplishments of Applied Catastrophe Theory},
	urldate = {2023-01-30},
	volume = {269},
	year = {1977},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/269759a0}}

@article{zeemanCatastropheTheory1976,
	author = {Zeeman, E. C.},
	issn = {0036-8733},
	journal = {Scientific American},
	number = {4},
	pages = {65--83},
	title = {Catastrophe {{Theory}}},
	volume = {234},
	year = {1976}}

@article{zhangRobustConsensusNoisy2018,
	abstract = {We construct a new opinion formation of the Deffuant-Weisbuch model with the interference of the outer noise, where there are finite agents and the evolution is discrete-time. The opinion interaction occurs by one randomly chosen pair at each time step. The difference to the original Deffuant-Weisbuch model is that communications of any selected pairs will be affected by noises. The aim of this paper is to study the robust consensus of this noisy Deffuant-Weisbuch model. We first define the noise strength as the maximum noise absolute value. We will then show that when the noise strength is less than a certain threshold, this noisy model will achieve robust consensus when is sufficiently large; next we prove that the noisy model achieves robust consensus with a positive probability; finally, we demonstrate these results and provide numerical relations among the noise strength and some model parameters.},
	annotation = {3 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Zhang, Jiangbo and Zhao, Yiyi},
	doi = {10.1155/2018/1065451},
	issn = {1024-123X},
	journal = {Mathematical Problems in Engineering},
	langid = {english},
	month = dec,
	pages = {e1065451},
	publisher = {{Hindawi}},
	title = {The {{Robust Consensus}} of a {{Noisy Deffuant-Weisbuch Model}}},
	urldate = {2023-04-23},
	volume = {2018},
	year = {2018},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1065451}}

@article{zwickerApplyingAttitudeNetwork2020,
	abstract = {In a time of rapid climate change, understanding what may encourage sustainable consumer behaviour is a vital but difficult challenge. Using an attitude network approach, we investigated which associations people have towards conventional and bio-based plastic in order to develop an empirically-based approach to initiate attitude- and behaviour change. With a qualitative study (N~=~97), we distilled 25 evaluative reactions (i.e. beliefs, emotions, and behaviours) that encompass people's attitudes towards using (bio-based) plastic. These reactions were used to create a new scale, which was subsequently tested among 508 online participants. The resulting data was then used to build a network displaying relationships between participants' evaluative reactions regarding plastic use. Analyses of this network indicated that guilt was most strongly connected to people's willingness to pay more for bio-based plastic products. Based on this, we conducted another study (N~=~285) in which we experimentally manipulated guilt (general guilt, personal guilt, and control condition) to determine its effects on people's willingness to pay for a sustainable cause. Results indicate that manipulating guilt can lead participants to donate more to a sustainable cause. This effect was fully mediated by self-reported guilt. Determining which factors influence consumers to change their buying behaviour towards sustainability is the first step in creating a demand for more sustainable products amongst the public and investors.},
	annotation = {34 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13]},
	author = {Zwicker, Maria V. and Nohlen, Hannah U. and Dalege, Jonas and Gruter, Gert-Jan M. and {van Harreveld}, Frenk},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101433},
	issn = {0272-4944},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Psychology},
	keywords = {Attitude networks,Behavioural change,Climate change,Guilt,Plastic,Pro-environmental behaviour},
	langid = {english},
	month = jun,
	pages = {101433},
	title = {Applying an Attitude Network Approach to Consumer Behaviour towards Plastic},
	urldate = {2023-04-24},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101433}}

@article{fortunato-tavares2012,
	author = {Fortunato-Tavares, Talita and de Andrade, Claudia R. F. and Befi-Lopes, Debora M. and Hestvik, Arild and Epstein, Baila and Tornyova, Lidiya and Schwartz, Richard G.},
	date = {2012-08-01},
	journal = {Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research},
	month = {08},
	note = {Publisher: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research},
	number = {4},
	pages = {1097--1111},
	title = {Syntactic Structural Assignment in Brazilian Portuguese-Speaking Children with Specific Language Impairment},
	url = {http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,sso&db=eric&AN=EJ984113&site=ehost-live&custid=s1098328},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2012},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,sso&db=eric&AN=EJ984113&site=ehost-live&custid=s1098328}}

@article{schiepek2017,
	author = {Schiepek, {G{\"u}nter K.} and Viol, Kathrin and Aichhorn, Wolfgang and {H{\"u}tt}, Marc-Thorsten and Sungler, Katharina and Pincus, David and {Sch{\"o}ller}, Helmut J.},
	date = {2017},
	journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
	title = {Psychotherapy Is Chaotic{\textemdash}(Not Only) in a Computational World},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00379},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00379}}

@article{tyutyunov2020,
	author = {Tyutyunov, Yu. V. and Titova, L. I.},
	date = {2020-05-01},
	doi = {10.1134/S207908642003007X},
	journal = {Biology Bulletin Reviews},
	langid = {en},
	month = {05},
	number = {3},
	pages = {167--185},
	title = {From Lotka{\textendash}Volterra to Arditi{\textendash}Ginzburg: 90 Years of Evolving Trophic Functions},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1134/S207908642003007X},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1134/S207908642003007X}}

@article{molenaar1993,
	author = {Molenaar, Peter C. M. and Boomsma, Dorret I. and Dolan, Conor V.},
	date = {1993-11-01},
	doi = {10.1007/BF01068142},
	journal = {Behavior Genetics},
	langid = {en},
	month = {11},
	number = {6},
	pages = {519--524},
	title = {A third source of developmental differences},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01068142},
	volume = {23},
	year = {1993},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01068142}}

@book{murray1989,
	address = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
	author = {Murray, James D.},
	date = {1989},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-08539-4},
	note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-08539-4},
	publisher = {Springer},
	title = {Mathematical Biology},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-662-08539-4},
	year = {1989},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-662-08539-4},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08539-4}}

@article{soetaert2010,
	author = {Soetaert, Karline and Petzoldt, Thomas and Setzer, R. Woodrow},
	date = {2010},
	doi = {10.18637/jss.v033.i09},
	journal = {Journal of Statistical Software},
	langid = {en},
	note = {806 citations (Crossref) [2023-07-13] Citation Key: soetaertSolvingDifferentialEquations2010},
	number = {9},
	title = {Solving Differential Equations in {\emph{R}} : Package {\textbf{deSolve}}},
	url = {http://www.jstatsoft.org/v33/i09/},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2010},
	bdsk-url-1 = {http://www.jstatsoft.org/v33/i09/},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v033.i09}}

@article{ludwig1978,
	author = {Ludwig, D. and Jones, D. D. and Holling, C. S.},
	date = {1978},
	doi = {10.2307/3939},
	journal = {Journal of Animal Ecology},
	note = {Publisher: [Wiley, British Ecological Society]},
	number = {1},
	pages = {315--332},
	title = {Qualitative Analysis of Insect Outbreak Systems: The Spruce Budworm and Forest},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/3939},
	volume = {47},
	year = {1978},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/3939},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.2307/3939}}

@article{sayama2015,
	author = {Sayama, Hiroki},
	date = {2015-01-01},
	journal = {Milne Open Textbooks},
	month = {01},
	title = {Introduction to the Modeling and Analysis of Complex Systems},
	url = {https://knightscholar.geneseo.edu/oer-ost/14},
	year = {2015},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://knightscholar.geneseo.edu/oer-ost/14}}

@book{smaldino2023,
	author = {Smaldino, Paul},
	date = {2023-10-03},
	langid = {en},
	month = {10},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: aOS3EAAAQBAJ},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press},
	title = {Modeling Social Behavior: Mathematical and Agent-Based Models of Social Dynamics and Cultural Evolution},
	year = {2023}}

@article{cramer2012,
	author = {Cramer, Ang{\'e}lique O. J. and Van Der Sluis, Sophie and Noordhof, Arjen and Wichers, Marieke and Geschwind, Nicole and Aggen, Steven H. and Kendler, Kenneth S. and Borsboom, Denny},
	date = {2012-07-01},
	doi = {10.1002/per.1866},
	journal = {European Journal of Personality},
	langid = {en},
	month = {07},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
	number = {4},
	pages = {414--431},
	title = {Dimensions of Normal Personality as Networks in Search of Equilibrium: You Can't like Parties if you Don't like People},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/per.1866},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2012},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1002/per.1866}}

@article{boccaletti2014,
	author = {Boccaletti, S. and Bianconi, G. and Criado, R. and del Genio, C. I. and {G{\'o}mez-Garde{\~n}es}, J. and Romance, M. and {Sendi{\~n}a-Nadal}, I. and Wang, Z. and Zanin, M.},
	date = {2014-11-01},
	doi = {10.1016/j.physrep.2014.07.001},
	journal = {Physics Reports},
	month = {11},
	note = {2246 citations (Crossref) [2023-09-25]},
	number = {1},
	pages = {1--122},
	series = {The structure and dynamics of multilayer networks},
	title = {The structure and dynamics of multilayer networks},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370157314002105},
	volume = {544},
	year = {2014},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370157314002105},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2014.07.001}}

@article{cramer2016,
	author = {Cramer, Ang{\'e}lique O. J. and Borkulo, Claudia D. van and Giltay, Erik J. and Maas, Han L. J. van der and Kendler, Kenneth S. and Scheffer, Marten and Borsboom, Denny},
	date = {2016-12-08},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0167490},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	langid = {en},
	month = {12},
	note = {229 citations (Crossref) [2023-09-25] Publisher: Public Library of Science},
	number = {12},
	pages = {e0167490},
	title = {Major Depression as a Complex Dynamic System},
	url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0167490},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2016},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0167490},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167490}}

@article{dalege2017,
	author = {Dalege, Jonas and Borsboom, Denny and van Harreveld, Frenk and {van der Maas}, Han L. J.},
	date = {2017-07},
	doi = {10.1177/1948550617709827},
	journal = {Social Psychological and Personality Science},
	langid = {eng},
	month = {07},
	note = {115 citations (Crossref) [2023-09-25] PMID: 28919944 PMCID: PMC5582642},
	number = {5},
	pages = {528--537},
	title = {Network Analysis on Attitudes: A Brief Tutorial},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2017},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550617709827}}

@article{vandermaas2020,
	author = {{van der Maas}, Han L. J. and Dalege, Jonas and Waldorp, Lourens J.},
	date = {2020-04-01},
	doi = {10.1093/comnet/cnaa010},
	journal = {Journal of Complex Networks},
	month = {04},
	note = {13 citations (Crossref) [2023-09-25]},
	number = {2},
	pages = {cnaa010},
	title = {The polarization within and across individuals: the hierarchical Ising opinion model},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnaa010},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1093/comnet/cnaa010}}

@article{finnemann2021,
	author = {Finnemann, Adam and Borsboom, Denny and Epskamp, Sacha and {van der Maas}, Han L. J.},
	date = {2021-12},
	doi = {10.3390/psych3040039},
	journal = {Psych},
	langid = {en},
	month = {12},
	note = {Number: 4 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
	number = {4},
	pages = {593--617},
	title = {The theoretical and statistical ising model: A practical guide in R},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8611/3/4/39},
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