diff --git a/HISTORY.md b/HISTORY.md
index b004cbfd4..302dee66e 100644
--- a/HISTORY.md
+++ b/HISTORY.md
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #### API
 
+- Add `replace` parameter to sample_elites in archives ({pr}`682`)
 - Require numpy to be at least 2.0.0 ({pr}`681`)
 - Allow specifying `centroids` with filenames in CVTArchive ({pr}`679`)
 - Add `kdtree_query_kwargs` parameter to CVTArchive ({pr}`677`)
diff --git a/ribs/archives/_archive_base.py b/ribs/archives/_archive_base.py
index 0d5fff265..740a57628 100644
--- a/ribs/archives/_archive_base.py
+++ b/ribs/archives/_archive_base.py
@@ -364,12 +364,11 @@ def data(
         """
         raise NotImplementedError("`data` has not been implemented in this archive")
 
-    def sample_elites(self, n: Int) -> BatchData:
+    def sample_elites(self, n: Int, replace: bool = True) -> BatchData:
         """Randomly samples elites from the archive.
 
-        Currently, this sampling is done uniformly at random. Furthermore, each sample
-        is done independently, so elites may be repeated in the sample. Additional
-        sampling methods may be supported in the future.
+        Currently, this sampling is done uniformly at random, either with or without
+        replacement. Additional sampling methods may be supported in the future.
 
         Example:
             ::
@@ -382,12 +381,16 @@ def sample_elites(self, n: Int) -> BatchData:
 
         Args:
             n: Number of elites to sample.
+            replace: Whether to replace the elites when sampling. If True, the elites
+                will be replaced and thus will be sampled independently.
 
         Returns:
             A batch of elites randomly selected from the archive.
 
         Raises:
             IndexError: The archive is empty.
+            ValueError: ``n`` was greater than the number of elites in the archive when
+                ``replace=False``.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError(
             "`sample_elites` has not been implemented in this archive"
diff --git a/ribs/archives/_categorical_archive.py b/ribs/archives/_categorical_archive.py
index 6bec4b44f..a6ff11556 100644
--- a/ribs/archives/_categorical_archive.py
+++ b/ribs/archives/_categorical_archive.py
@@ -789,11 +789,16 @@ def data(
     ) -> np.ndarray | BatchData | tuple[np.ndarray] | ArchiveDataFrame:
         return self._store.data(fields, return_type)
 
-    def sample_elites(self, n: Int) -> BatchData:
+    def sample_elites(self, n: Int, replace: bool = True) -> BatchData:
         if self.empty:
             raise IndexError("No elements in archive.")
+        if not replace and n > len(self._store):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot take a larger sample than the number of elites "
+                "in the archive when 'replace=False'"
+            )
 
-        random_indices = self._rng.integers(len(self._store), size=n)
+        random_indices = self._rng.choice(len(self._store), size=n, replace=replace)
         selected_indices = self._store.occupied_list[random_indices]
         _, elites = self._store.retrieve(selected_indices)
         return elites
diff --git a/ribs/archives/_cvt_archive.py b/ribs/archives/_cvt_archive.py
index 46b5579bd..378347261 100644
--- a/ribs/archives/_cvt_archive.py
+++ b/ribs/archives/_cvt_archive.py
@@ -1104,11 +1104,16 @@ def data(
     ) -> np.ndarray | BatchData | tuple[np.ndarray] | ArchiveDataFrame:
         return self._store.data(fields, return_type)
 
-    def sample_elites(self, n: Int) -> BatchData:
+    def sample_elites(self, n: Int, replace: bool = True) -> BatchData:
         if self.empty:
             raise IndexError("No elements in archive.")
+        if not replace and n > len(self._store):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot take a larger sample than the number of elites "
+                "in the archive when 'replace=False'"
+            )
 
-        random_indices = self._rng.integers(len(self._store), size=n)
+        random_indices = self._rng.choice(len(self._store), size=n, replace=replace)
         selected_indices = self._store.occupied_list[random_indices]
         _, elites = self._store.retrieve(selected_indices)
         return elites
diff --git a/ribs/archives/_grid_archive.py b/ribs/archives/_grid_archive.py
index 34665c941..5162dde88 100644
--- a/ribs/archives/_grid_archive.py
+++ b/ribs/archives/_grid_archive.py
@@ -911,11 +911,16 @@ def data(
     ) -> np.ndarray | BatchData | tuple[np.ndarray] | ArchiveDataFrame:
         return self._store.data(fields, return_type)
 
-    def sample_elites(self, n: Int) -> BatchData:
+    def sample_elites(self, n: Int, replace: bool = True) -> BatchData:
         if self.empty:
             raise IndexError("No elements in archive.")
+        if not replace and n > len(self._store):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot take a larger sample than the number of elites "
+                "in the archive when 'replace=False'"
+            )
 
-        random_indices = self._rng.integers(len(self._store), size=n)
+        random_indices = self._rng.choice(len(self._store), size=n, replace=replace)
         selected_indices = self._store.occupied_list[random_indices]
         _, elites = self._store.retrieve(selected_indices)
         return elites
diff --git a/ribs/archives/_proximity_archive.py b/ribs/archives/_proximity_archive.py
index 7908449b5..a57d5c909 100644
--- a/ribs/archives/_proximity_archive.py
+++ b/ribs/archives/_proximity_archive.py
@@ -849,11 +849,16 @@ def data(
     ) -> np.ndarray | BatchData | tuple[np.ndarray] | ArchiveDataFrame:
         return self._store.data(fields, return_type)
 
-    def sample_elites(self, n: Int) -> BatchData:
+    def sample_elites(self, n: Int, replace: bool = True) -> BatchData:
         if self.empty:
             raise IndexError("No elements in archive.")
+        if not replace and n > len(self._store):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot take a larger sample than the number of elites "
+                "in the archive when 'replace=False'"
+            )
 
-        random_indices = self._rng.integers(len(self._store), size=n)
+        random_indices = self._rng.choice(len(self._store), size=n, replace=replace)
         selected_indices = self._store.occupied_list[random_indices]
         _, elites = self._store.retrieve(selected_indices)
         return elites
diff --git a/ribs/archives/_sliding_boundaries_archive.py b/ribs/archives/_sliding_boundaries_archive.py
index 7e49d3258..1dab13af2 100644
--- a/ribs/archives/_sliding_boundaries_archive.py
+++ b/ribs/archives/_sliding_boundaries_archive.py
@@ -773,11 +773,16 @@ def data(
     ) -> np.ndarray | BatchData | tuple[np.ndarray] | ArchiveDataFrame:
         return self._store.data(fields, return_type)
 
-    def sample_elites(self, n: Int) -> BatchData:
+    def sample_elites(self, n: Int, replace: bool = True) -> BatchData:
         if self.empty:
             raise IndexError("No elements in archive.")
+        if not replace and n > len(self._store):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot take a larger sample than the number of elites "
+                "in the archive when 'replace=False'"
+            )
 
-        random_indices = self._rng.integers(len(self._store), size=n)
+        random_indices = self._rng.choice(len(self._store), size=n, replace=replace)
         selected_indices = self._store.occupied_list[random_indices]
         _, elites = self._store.retrieve(selected_indices)
         return elites
diff --git a/tests/archives/archive_base_test.py b/tests/archives/archive_base_test.py
index 916aeed74..ef7773eae 100644
--- a/tests/archives/archive_base_test.py
+++ b/tests/archives/archive_base_test.py
@@ -593,6 +593,36 @@ def test_sample_elites_fails_when_empty(data):
         data.archive.sample_elites(1)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("setting_for_n", ["enough_n", "too_many_n"])
+def test_sample_elites_with_replacement(data, setting_for_n):
+    if isinstance(data.archive, CategoricalArchive):
+        data.archive.add(
+            solution=np.zeros((3, 3)),
+            objective=[1, 2, 3],
+            measures=[["A", "One"], ["A", "Two"], ["A", "Three"]],
+        )
+    else:
+        data.archive.add(
+            solution=np.zeros((3, 3)),
+            objective=[1, 2, 3],
+            measures=[[-1, -1], [-1, 1], [1, 1]],
+        )
+
+    if setting_for_n == "enough_n":
+        # Sampling exactly 3 with replace=False should cause the 3 elites to be sampled.
+        elites = data.archive.sample_elites(3, replace=False)
+        assert np.allclose(np.sort(elites["objective"]), [1, 2, 3])
+    elif setting_for_n == "too_many_n":
+        # Sampling more than the number of elites  with replace=False throws an error.
+        with pytest.raises(
+            ValueError,
+            match=r"Cannot take a larger sample than the number of elites in the archive .*",
+        ):
+            elites = data.archive.sample_elites(4, replace=False)
+    else:
+        raise ValueError
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("name", ARCHIVE_NAMES)
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("with_elite", [True, False], ids=["nonempty", "empty"])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", [np.float64, np.float32], ids=["float64", "float32"])