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docs/egress-node-traffic-analysis.md

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# Egress cost estimation per node
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> **Note:** This analysis assumes fully utilized block space (filled blocks) for both Ouroboros Praos and Leios protocols. In practice, block utilization may vary, but this provides a conservative upper bound for egress traffic estimation.
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> [!Note]
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> **100% filled blocks assumption:**
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>
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> This analysis assumes **fully utilized block space (filled blocks)** for both Ouroboros Praos and Leios protocols. In practice, block utilization may vary, but this provides a conservative upper bound for egress traffic estimation.
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## Ouroboros Praos
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- **131,400 blocks per month**
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#### Total block data
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- block size 90,112 bytes (88KB)
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- **131,400 blocks x 90,112 bytes = 11,840,724,480 bytes ~11.84GB**
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- block size 90,112 bytes (88 KiB)
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- **131,400 blocks x 90,112 bytes = 11,840,724,480 bytes ~11.84 GiB**
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> [!Note]
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>
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> For reference, during epoch 500, blocks had an average size of 18.9 KiB
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> which is ~21.5% of what's available.
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#### Egress traffic for p2p block propagation
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- Peers (P): assume:
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```
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(A) 20 peers from TargetNumberOfActivePeers default configuration
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(B) ~35 downstream peers per node
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```
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- Block header size: 1,024 bytes
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- Block body size: 90,112 bytes
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- Block header size: 1,024 bytes (1 KiB)
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- Block body size: 90,112 bytes (88 KiB)
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- Propagation model: 100% header propagation, 25% body requests
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#### Node traffic
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```
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(A) Headers: 131,400 blocks x 1,024 bytes x 20 peers = 2.69 GB
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Bodies: 131,400 blocks x 90,112 bytes x 5 peers = 59.19 GB
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Total: 61.88 GB
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(A) Headers: 131,400 blocks x 1,024 bytes x 20 peers = 2.69 GiB
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Bodies: 131,400 blocks x 90,112 bytes x 5 peers = 59.19 GiB
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Total: 61.88 GiB
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(B) Headers: 131,400 blocks x 1,024 bytes x 35 peers = 4.71 GB
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Bodies: 131,400 blocks x 90,112 bytes x 9 peers = 106.55 GB
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Total: 111.26 GB
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(B) Headers: 131,400 blocks x 1,024 bytes x 35 peers = 4.71 GiB
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Bodies: 131,400 blocks x 90,112 bytes x 9 peers = 106.55 GiB
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Total: 111.26 GiB
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```
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- additional traffic from transactions (5-10GB?) and consensus (~1-2GB?)
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- additional traffic from transactions (5-10 GiB?) and consensus (~1-2 GiB?)
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#### Final total egress per month/ node
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```
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(A) Low end: 61.88 GB + 5 GB + 1 GB = 67.88 GB
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High end: 61.88 GB + 10 GB + 2 GB = 73.88 GB
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(A) Low end: 61.88 GiB + 5 GiB + 1 GiB = 67.88 GiB
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High end: 61.88 GiB + 10 GiB + 2 GiB = 73.88 GiB
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(B) Low end: 111.26 GB + 5 GB + 1 GB = 117.26 GB
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High end: 111.26 GB + 10 GB + 2 GB = 123.26 GB
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(B) Low end: 111.26 GiB + 5 GiB + 1 GiB = 117.26 GiB
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High end: 111.26 GiB + 10 GiB + 2 GiB = 123.26 GiB
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```
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## Ouroboros Leios
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#### Example Calculation (1 IB/s, 20 peers, 100% header propagation, 25% body requests)
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```
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IB Headers: 2,592,000 seconds × 304 bytes × 20 peers = 15.76 GB
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IB Bodies: 2,592,000 seconds × 98,304 bytes × 5 peers = 1.27 TB
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EB Headers: 194,400 seconds × 240 bytes × 20 peers = 933.12 MB
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EB Bodies: 194,400 seconds × 32 bytes × 20 IBs per stage × 5 peers = 622.08 MB
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RB Headers: 129,600 seconds × 1,024 bytes × 20 peers = 2.65 GB
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RB Bodies: 129,600 seconds × 90,112 bytes × 5 peers = 58.39 GB
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Total: 1.35 TB
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IB Headers: 2,592,000 seconds × 304 bytes × 20 peers = 15.76 GiB
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IB Bodies: 2,592,000 seconds × 98,304 bytes × 5 peers = 1.27 TiB
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EB Headers: 194,400 seconds × 240 bytes × 20 peers = 933.12 MiB
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EB Bodies: 194,400 seconds × 32 bytes × 20 IBs per stage × 5 peers = 622.08 MiB
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RB Headers: 129,600 seconds × 1,024 bytes × 20 peers = 2.65 GiB
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RB Bodies: 129,600 seconds × 90,112 bytes × 5 peers = 58.39 GiB
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Total: 1.35 TiB
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Note:
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- IB traffic dominates due to larger body size (98,304 bytes)
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- IB traffic dominates due to larger body size (98,304 bytes = 96 KiB)
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- EB traffic is minimal due to small body size (32 bytes per reference)
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- RB traffic is moderate, similar to Praos block size
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```
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| IB/s | IB Headers | IB Bodies | EB Headers | EB Bodies | RB Headers | RB Bodies | Total | vs Praos (A) |
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|------|------------|-----------|------------|-----------|------------|-----------|-------|--------------|
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| 1 | 15.76 GB | 1.27 TB | 933.12 MB | 622.08 MB | 2.65 GB | 58.39 GB | 1.35 TB | +1,890% |
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| 5 | 78.80 GB | 6.37 TB | 933.12 MB | 3.11 GB | 2.65 GB | 58.39 GB | 6.51 TB | +9,495% |
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| 10 | 157.59 GB | 12.74 TB | 933.12 MB | 6.22 GB | 2.65 GB | 58.39 GB | 12.97 TB | +19,090% |
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| 20 | 315.19 GB | 25.48 TB | 933.12 MB | 12.44 GB | 2.65 GB | 58.39 GB | 25.87 TB | +38,180% |
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| 30 | 472.78 GB | 38.22 TB | 933.12 MB | 18.66 GB | 2.65 GB | 58.39 GB | 38.77 TB | +57,270% |
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| 1 | 15.76 GiB | 1.27 TiB | 933.12 MiB | 622.08 MiB| 2.65 GiB | 58.39 GiB | 1.35 TiB | +1,890% |
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| 5 | 78.80 GiB | 6.37 TiB | 933.12 MiB | 3.11 GiB | 2.65 GiB | 58.39 GiB | 6.51 TiB | +9,495% |
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| 10 | 157.59 GiB | 12.74 TiB | 933.12 MiB | 6.22 GiB | 2.65 GiB | 58.39 GiB | 12.97 TiB | +19,090% |
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| 20 | 315.19 GiB | 25.48 TiB | 933.12 MiB | 12.44 GiB | 2.65 GiB | 58.39 GiB | 25.87 TiB | +38,180% |
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| 30 | 472.78 GiB | 38.22 TiB | 933.12 MiB | 18.66 GiB | 2.65 GiB | 58.39 GiB | 38.77 TiB | +57,270% |
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### Monthly Cost by Cloud Provider ($)
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| Hetzner | $0.00108 | 1,024 | $1.49 | $7.03 | $14.01 | $27.94 | $41.87 | +47% |
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| UpCloud | $0.000 | 1,024–24,576 | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 0% |
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Note: Percentage increases are calculated against Praos scenario A (20 peers) baseline of 67.88 GB/month and $7.73/month (using average cost across providers)
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Note: Percentage increases are calculated against Praos scenario A (20 peers) baseline of 67.88 GiB/month and $7.73/month (using average cost across providers)
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### Data Egress Cost Sources
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