Technical report #2 (#530)

* Fixed broken links in technical report
* Refactored footnote numbering
* Added section on inter-datacenter bandwidth measurements
* Summary of simulation results
* Filled in missing experiments and edited findings
* Added preface to simulation section
* Proofread simulation section
* Added analysis of empty Praos blocks
* Added analysis of internet latencies
* Added section on Apply and Reapply costs
* Added section on miscellaneous observations
* Added section on throughput efficiency for linear leios
* Added section on overcollateralization scheme
* Reformatted figures for overcollateralization
* Added section on expected transaction lifecycle
* Expanded discussion of efficiency of linear leios
* Added section on leios profitability
* Added section on mainnet rewards
* Added section on performance of sharding
* Refactored lifecycle section
* Added table of contents and adjusted front matter
* Added section on other resources
* Added introduction and executive summary
* Removed stale notes
* Added entry to simulation table
* Elaborated sharding analysis
* Tidied equations
* Updated logbook

Author: bwbush

Logbook.md

@@ -1,5 +1,23 @@
 # Leios logbook
 
+## 2025-08-29
+
+### Second technical report
+
+[The second technical report](docs/technical-report-2.md) captures a snapshot of the modeling, simulation, and analysis of the
+Leios protocol from March to August 2025, approximately. Given that the Leios protocol
+design was still evolving, the observations, findings, and conclusions documented
+here are provisional and subject to future revision and contradiction. The
+report digs into the following topics:
+
+- Network protocols
+- Threat model
+- Simulation experiments
+- Test network topologies
+- Empirical measurements of the Cardano network and blockchain
+- Analytic studies of Leios behavior and performance
+- Miscellaneous observations and links to other technical documents
+
 ## 2025-08-27
 
 ### CIP draft completion

docs/technical-report-1.md

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 # Leios technical report #1
 
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+>
+> Information in this report is superceded by the [Leios CIP](https://github.com/cardano-foundation/CIPs/pull/1078).
+
 ## Executive summary
 
 This report captures a snapshot of the modeling, simulation, and analysis of the
-Leios protocol as of February 2024, approximately. Given that the Leios protocol
+Leios protocol as of February 2025, approximately. Given that the Leios protocol
 design is still evolving, the observations, findings, and conclusions documented
 here are provisional and subject to future revision and contradiction. The
 report digs into the following topics:
@@ -26,6 +30,59 @@ provisioning. Further design and analysis of transaction sharding, memory pool
 management, and fee schedules are needed to estimate the effective transactions
 per second (TPS) and overall cost effectiveness of Leios.
 
+<details>
+  <summary><h2>Table of contents</h2></summary>
+
+- [Executive summary](#executive-summary)
+- [Introduction](#introduction)
+    - [Purpose](#purpose)
+    - [Scope](#scope)
+    - [Context](#context)
+    - [Audience](#audience)
+- [Informal description of Short Leios](#informal-description-of-short-leios)
+- [Formal specifiication for Short Leios](#formal-specification-for-short-leios)
+- [Delta QSD network performance model](#delta-qsd-network-performance-model)
+- [Simulations](#simulations)
+    - [Configuration parameters](#configuration-parameters)
+    - [Rust simulation](#rust-simulation)
+    - [Haskell prototype](#haskell-prototype)
+- [Sortition](#sortition)
+    - [Votes](#votes)
+    - [Regarding the advantage gained by splitting stake among nodes](#regarding-the-advantage-gained-by-splitting-stake-among-nodes)
+    - [Input blocks](#input-blocks)
+    - [Endorser blocks](#endorser-blocks)
+    - [Insights regarding sortition](#insights-regarding-sortition)
+- [Voting and certificates](#voting-and-certificates)
+    - [Structure of votes](#structure-of-votes)
+    - [Number of unique SPOs voting](#number-of-unique-spos-voting)
+    - [Committee size and quorum requirements](#committee-size-and-quorum-requirements)
+    - [Certificate scheme](#certificate-scheme)
+- [Cost analyses](#cost-analyses)
+    - [Simulation of transaction volume on Cardano](#simulation-of-transaction-volume-on-cardano)
+    - [Estimation of costs for a Leios SPO](#estimation-of-costs-for-a-leios-spo)
+    - [Cost of storage](#cost-of-storage)
+    - [Break-even cost for perpetual storage of blocks](#break-even-cost-for-perpetual-storage-of-blocks)
+    - [Compressed storage of Praos blocks](#compressed-storage-of-praos-blocks)
+    - [Rewards received](#rewards-received)
+    - [Importance of the Cardano Reserves](#importance-of-the-cardano-reserves)
+    - [Insights for Leios techno-economics](#insights-for-leios-techno-economics)
+- [Approximate models of Cardano mainnet characteristics](#approximate-models-of-cardano-mainnet-characteristics)
+    - [Transaction sizes and frequencies](#transaction-sizes-and-frequencies)
+    - [Stake distribution](#stake-distribution)
+    - [Insights into mainnet characteristics](#insights-into-mainnet-characteristics)
+- [Thread model](#threat-model)
+    - [Grinding and other threats to Praos](#grinding-and-other-threats-to-praos)
+    - [Equivocation](#equivocation)
+    - [Inaction and nuisance](#inaction-and-nuisance)
+    - [Omission and manipulation](#omission-and-manipulation)
+    - [Network interference](#network-interference)
+    - [Denial of service](#denial-of-service)
+    - [Insights regarding threats](#insights-regarding-threats)
+- [Findings and conclusions](#findings-and-conclusions)
+- [Appendix A: Glossary](#appendix-a-glossary)
+
+</details>
+
 ## Introduction
 
 The Leios protocol represents a significant advancement in blockchain