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‎site/news/2025-04-21-weekly-progress-summary.md‎

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title: Weekly Summary – April 21, 2025
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authors:
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- will
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tags: [progress, update, weekly]
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---
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This week, the Leios team made significant progress in protocol development, focusing on simulation improvements, network protocol design, and economic analysis. The team completed extensive simulations across 648 scenarios, implemented new mini-protocols for Leios diffusion, and conducted important economic analysis regarding future reward sustainability.
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## Simulation and analysis
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- Completed comprehensive simulation of 648 scenarios for Full and Short Leios at tag [`leios-2025w16`](https://github.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/releases/tag/leios-2025w16)
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- Generated new analysis outputs:
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- Network, disk, and CPU resource usage summaries
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- Interactive "Leios graph" visualization showing transaction, IB, EB, RB, and vote linkages
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- Key findings from simulations:
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- Strong agreement between Rust and Haskell implementations
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- Haskell simulation shows network congestion at 16 IB/s
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- Rust simulation demonstrates higher CPU usage at elevated IB rates
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- Identified voting certification issues in Rust implementation.
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## Protocol development
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### Haskell implementation
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- Completed first draft of new mini-protocols for Leios diffusion:
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- IB-relay, EB-relay, Vote-relay for header diffusion
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- IB-fetch, EB-fetch for body diffusion
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- CatchUp protocol for historical blocks
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- Renamed `short-leios` command to `leios` to reflect full variant support.
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### Rust implementation
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- Fixed conformance with shared trace format
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- Resolved voting logic bug affecting EB certification
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- Updated visualization system for documentation site integration.
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## Economic analysis
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The team conducted a detailed analysis of transaction lifecycle and future reward sustainability:
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- Analyzed seven stages of Full Leios transaction processing
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- Identified optimal stage lengths and shard configurations
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- Estimated two-minute average delay from transaction submission to RB reference
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- Projected future IB rates needed to maintain current reward levels:
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- Current Reserve depletion rate: 12.8% per year
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- Required IB rates increase from 0.008 to 0.634 blocks/slot by 2035
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- Analysis assumes constant fee-related protocol parameters.
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## Next steps
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- Translate transaction lifecycle model to Delta QSD for network effects analysis
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- Compare model results with Rust simulator output
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- Develop memory-pool and ledger variant models
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- Continue investigation of voting certification issues in Rust implementation.

‎site/news/2025-04-28-weekly-progress-summary.md‎

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title: Weekly Summary – April 28, 2025
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authors:
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- will
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tags: [progress, update, weekly]
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---
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This week, the Leios team made significant progress in protocol documentation, simulation improvements, and transaction lifecycle analysis. The team completed a draft of the Leios CIP, enhanced simulation visualization capabilities, and conducted detailed analysis of transaction processing times in Full Leios.
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## Simulation and analysis
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- Completed simulation of 270 Full Leios scenarios at tag [`leios-2025w17`](https://github.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/releases/tag/leios-2025w17)
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- Resolved all outstanding discrepancies between Rust and Haskell simulation results
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- Conducted detailed transaction lifecycle analysis:
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- Average IB inclusion time: 2.4 seconds
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- Average EB referencing time: 27.6 seconds
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- Average RB referencing time: 67.2 seconds
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- Identified issues with transaction referencing and duplication in current Full Leios implementation.
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## Protocol documentation
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- Drafted major sections of the [Leios CIP](https://github.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/blob/main/docs/cip/README.md) using standard CIP template
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- Documented evidence-based arguments for Leios necessity and viability
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- Pending completion of Full Leios protocol sections due to ongoing discussions.
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## Rust implementation
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- Publicly hosted visualization as part of the Leios documentation
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- Added new "transactions" view showing transaction state graphs over time
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- Fixed stability issues in long-running simulations
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- Implemented `leios-late-ib-inclusion` extension for referencing older pipeline IBs.
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## Plutus benchmarking
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- Documented [workflow for benchmarking Plutus](https://github.com/IntersectMBO/plutus/blob/master/plutus-core/cost-model/CostModelGeneration.md)
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- Prepared methodology for potential experiments with increased Plutus execution budgets
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- Established framework for relating Plutus execution units to CPU time measurements.
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## Next steps
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- Address transaction referencing and duplication issues in Full Leios
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- Complete remaining Full Leios protocol sections in CIP
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- Investigate higher transaction rates after resolution of [#305](https://github.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/issues/305)
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- Continue monitoring and optimizing transaction lifecycle performance.

‎site/news/2025-05-05-weekly-progress-summary.md‎

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title: Weekly Summary – May 5, 2025
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authors:
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- will
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tags: [progress, update, weekly]
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---
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This week, the team focused on simulation analysis, security improvements, and protocol documentation, making significant progress across multiple areas.
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### Simulation analysis and performance
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The team executed the first high-throughput simulations of Leios using the Rust simulator, with transaction rates reaching up to 1000 TPS. We introduced two key efficiency metrics to quantify system performance:
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- *Temporal efficiency* measures the fraction of submitted transactions that make it into the ledger, with near 100% indicating optimal transaction inclusion.
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- *Spatial efficiency* represents the ratio of transaction size to total ledger size (including IBs, EBs, and RBs), with higher values indicating better storage optimization.
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Recent revisions to Full Short Leios have shown promising improvements in both efficiency metrics. The simulations revealed an average transaction lifecycle of approximately 100 seconds from submission to ledger inclusion.
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Our analysis produced several key visualizations that demonstrate the system's performance:
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<div align="center">
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![Temporal efficiency bar chart](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/refs/heads/main/analysis/sims/2025w19/plots/temporal-efficiency-bar.svg)
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*Figure 1: Temporal efficiency comparison across different transaction rates*
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![Temporal efficiency time series](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/1a7ccb588bf87284858c05a0670b938b5d35c417/analysis/sims/2025w19/plots/temporal-efficiency-timeseries.svg)
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*Figure 2: Temporal efficiency trends over time*
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![Spatial efficiency analysis](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/refs/heads/main/analysis/sims/2025w19/plots/spatial-efficiency.svg)
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*Figure 3: Spatial efficiency analysis showing ledger optimization*
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![Transaction lifecycle visualization](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/refs/heads/main/analysis/sims/2025w19/plots/reach-rb-tx.svg)
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*Figure 4: Transaction lifecycle from submission to ledger inclusion*
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</div>
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### Protocol documentation and analysis
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We conducted extensive analysis of transaction throughput and block characteristics, producing several key visualizations:
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<div align="center">
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![Transaction throughput analysis](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/refs/heads/main/analysis/block-praos-leios-contour.svg)
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*Figure 5: Transaction throughput as a function of block size and rate*
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![Comparative transaction lifecycle](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/refs/heads/main/analysis/tx-to-block-fig.svg)
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*Figure 6: Comparative transaction lifecycle between Praos and Leios*
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</div>
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The team also completed a comprehensive profitability analysis for Leios SPOs, considering various deployment scenarios:
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- Evaluated infrastructure costs across premium and value cloud providers
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- Demonstrated profitability without Reserve contributions at 50+ TPS
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- Documented the impact of diminishing future rewards due to Reserve depletion
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- Analyzed comparative economics between Praos and Leios SPOs
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<div align="center">
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![Profitability forecast visualization](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/refs/heads/main/analysis/leios-forecast-sqrt-fill.svg)
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*Figure 7: Profitability forecast for Leios SPOs without Reserve contributions*
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</div>
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### Security and infrastructure improvements
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The team addressed several security vulnerabilities in the web applications through a series of patches:
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- Fixed minor and moderate security issues in PRs [#321](https://github.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/pull/321), [#322](https://github.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/pull/322), [#323](https://github.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/pull/323), and [#325](https://github.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/pull/325)
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### Protocol enhancements
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Recent protocol improvements include:
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- Implementation of revisions to Full Short Leios design to enhance both temporal and spatial efficiency
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- Optimization of protocol parameters for improved transaction processing
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- Development of new sharding strategy in Rust simulation
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- Enhanced logging system for tracking spatial efficiency metrics
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For more detailed information about the simulations and analysis, please refer to the [analysis documentation](https://github.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/tree/main/analysis) and the [profitability analysis notebook](https://github.com/input-output-hk/ouroboros-leios/blob/main/analysis/profitability-leios.ipynb).

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